Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life
Section 2-1: The Nature of Matter
Elements
n Atom –
n Element –
n
·
·
·
·
·
·
Chemical Compounds
n Compounds and Molecules –
n
o Example – Water or _____ = ______atoms and ______atom
o Example – Glucose or ______= ______atoms, ____
______atoms, and ______atoms
CHECKPOINT
A living thing is made up of cells, which are made up of ______, which are made up of ______, which are different kinds of ______.
Chemical Reactions
n Chemical reaction –
n Reactants –
n Products –
Example: 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
(______) (______)
Example: 2K + Cl2 → 2KCl
(______) (______)
Section 2-3: Carbon Compounds / Organic Molecules
The Chemistry of Carbon
n Organic molecules –
Reasons:
n
n
n
n
Four Groups of Organic Molecules
n Most molecules in cells are so ______they are called
______ or “giant molecules”
o
n Polymerization –
n Organic molecules are classified into 4 groups:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Carbohydrates
n Examples:
n Functions:
n
n
n Monomer –
Polymer –
Nucleic Acids
n Examples:
n Function:
n Monomer –
n Polymer –
Proteins
n Examples:
n Functions:
n
n
n
n
n
n
n Monomer – / Polymer –
n
Lipids
n Examples:
n Functions:
n
n
n
Section 2-4: Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
Energy in Reactions
n
n
n Activation energy –
Enzymes
n Enzymes –
n
Enzyme Action
n
n
n
Enzyme Action
Summary: An enzyme outside of its ______environment
does not function as well, which means it will not make the reaction proceed as ______.
pH
n pH scale –
n pH > 7 :
n pH = 7 :
n pH < 7 :
n
n
Optimal Temperature and pH
n
n
n
Effect of Cold Temperature
n If it is COLDER than the optimum temperature,
Effect of High Temperature, High pH, and Low pH
n If it is too HOT, or the pH is TOO HIGH OR LOW,
n
n