Appendix S1 Lists of papers consulted in obtaining information of invasive plants from America in China
An SQ, Gu BH, Zhou CF, Wang ZS, Deng ZF, Zhi YB et al (2007) Spartina invasion in China: implications for invasive species management and future research. Weed Res 47: 183–191
An Y (2005) Current status of invasive alien species and quarantine measures at port in China. Commun Entomol Acad Jiangsu Prov 1: 15–19
Chen HB (2005) The harmful exotic plants in Xiamen area. Subtrop Plant Sci, 34(1): 50–55
Chen LY, Xu HG (2001) Australian management strategy for invasive alien species and references available to China. Biodivers Sci 9(4): 466–471
Cheng H, Cheng LJ (2007) Investigation on the potential distribution of alien invasive plants based on GIS and information theories. Chinese Sci Bull 52(5): 555–561
Ding JQ, Mack RN, Lu P, Ren MX, Huang HW (2008) China’s booming economy is sparking and accelerating biological invasions. Bioscience 58: 317–324
Ding JQ, Reardon R, Wu Y, Zheng H, Fu WD (2006) Biological control of invasive plants through collaboration between China and the United States of America: a perspective. Biol Invasions 8: 1439–1450
Ding L, Du F, ZhangDC (2006) A study of alien invasive plant in Yunnan province. J WestChinaForest Sci 35(4): 98–103,108
Dong DP, Ye YZ (2007) Studies on Flora Alien Invasive Plants and Disastrous Mechanisms in Henan. Henan Sci 25(5): 765–769
Dong M, Lu JZ, Zhang WJ, Chen JK, Li B (2006) Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis): an invasive alien weed rapidly spreading in China. Acta Phytotaxon Sin 44: 72–85
Dong M (1996) Clonal growth in plants in relation to resource heterogeneity: foraging behavior. Acta Bot Sin 38: 828–835
Fan JA, Zhao XQ (1997) Risk assessment system and method research of alien crop pest. Plant Quarant 11: 75–81
Fan XH, Li WM (2001) Research on quarantine strategy for biosafety protection in China. Biodivers Sci 9: 439–445
Hao JH, Qiang S (2005) Invasive alien weed - Ageratum conyzoides. Weed Sci 4: 54–58
Hong XY, Wang DS, Zhang ZQ (2006) Distribution and damage of recent invasive eriophyoid mites (Acari Eriophyoidea) in mainland China. Int J of Acarol 32(3): 227–240
Hu TY, Fang F, Guo SL, Jiang HW (2007) Comparison of basic photosynthetic characteristics between exotic invasive weed Solidago canadensis and its companion species. J Zhejiang Univers (Agr and Life Sci) 33(4): 379–386
Huang G, Huang Q (2006) The status, harm and countermeasure of biology invasion in Jiangxi province. Meteorol Disaster Reduct Res 29(1): 51–55
Huang QQ, Wu JM, Bai YY, Zhou L, Wang GX (2009) Identifying the most noxious invasive plants in China: role of geographical origin, life form and means of introduction. Biodivers Conserv 18: 305–316
HuangSC, Tan WQ, Li CX, Ma ZL (2007) The elimination and prevention of alien weeds in Souch China. Modern Agr Sci, 19: 86–88
HuangSC, Tan WQ, Li CX, Ma ZL (2007) Invasive alien weeds in Southern China and its control. Modern Agr Technol 19: 86–88
Jenkins PT, Mooney HA (2006) The United States, China, and invasive species: present status and future prospects. Biol Invasions 8: 1589–1593
Jian LR, Li MY (2004) Indirect economic loss evaluation of biological invasion on crop-land ecosystem. Jinling Inst Technol 20(3): 32–35
Kan LY, Xie GH, An F (2007) Invasive alien plants in Hainan: their damages, invasion mechanism and prevention strategy. Chinese J Trop Agri 27(1): 61–67
Li B, Xu BS, Chen JK (2001) Perspectives on the general trends of plant invasion with special reference to alien flora of Shanghai. Biodivers Sci 9: 446–457
Li J, Hu X (2005) The brief description on main forestry alien species in China(I). For Pest Dis 24(2): 38–40
Li J, Hu X (2005) The brief description on main forestry alien species in China (II). For Pest Dis 24(4): 38–41
Li MY, Xu HG (2005) Indirect economic loss evaluation of effect of alien invasive species on forest ecological system. J NorthwestForest Univers 20(2): 156–159
Li YS, Li ZY, Jiang P, Xie Y (2005) The prevention and elimination of alien invasive plants in Heilongjiang province. Forest Sci Technol 30(2): 19–20
Lin Y, Tan DY (2007) The potential and exotic invasive plant: Solanum rostratum. Acta Phytotaxon Sin 45: 675–685
Liu J, Dong M, Miao SL, Li ZY, Song MH, Wang RQ (2006) Invasive alien species in China: role of clonality and geographical origin. Biol Invasions 8: 1461–1470
Liu J, Liang SC, Liu FH, Wang RQ, Dong M (2005) Invasive alien plant species in China: regional distribution patterns. Divers and Distrib 11: 341–347
Liu J, Oyang Z, Pimm SL, Raven PH, Wang X, Miao H et al (2003) Protecting China’s biodiversity. Science 300: 1240–1241
Liu PC (2004) It is of great urgency for prevention from adventitious biological invasion. Forest Invent Plan 29: 94–98
Liu SQ, Jia ZH (2002) Biological activity of aqueous extract and volatile oil from the leaf of Lantana camara and its chemical constituents. Guihaia 22(2): 185–188
Lu JZ, Wen ES, Wu XW, Ewald W, Zhao B, Li B (2007) Potential distribution of Solidago canadensis in China. Acta Phytotaxon Sin 45: 670–674
Lu RS, Song YQ (2003) Reasons of biological invasion in lakes of Yungui Plateau. Nat Ecol Conserv 8: 35–38
Lu SG, Xu CD, Dong XD, Duan YQ, Wang Y (2006) The Impacts of the Alien Invasive Plants on Biodiversity in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region of Southwest China. Acta Bot Yun 28: 607–614
Miao SY, Li DM (2005) Ecological damage and prevention strategy of invasive alien species in Guangdong. J Guangzhou Univers (Nat Sci Ed) 2(5): 414–418
Ning ZY, Hu SQ, Wei YZ, Xu XR (2007) Present situation of alien species invasion and its effects on economy, society and ecology in Fujian Province. Entomol J East China 16(4): 304–309
Ou J, Lu CY, O'toole DK (2008) A risk assessment system for alien plant bio-invasion in Xiamen, China. J Environ Sci 20: 989–997
Peng SL, Xiang YC (1999) The invasion of exotic plants and effects of ecosystems. Acta Ecol Sin 19(4): 560–569
Peng ZP, Liu Y, Zhou ZS, Li YN, Luo YH (2008) Counter-measures on alien invasive weeds in Hunnan province. Hunan Agr Sci (3): 104-107
Qi Y, Zhao Y, Yin X (2004) Ecological distribution of biological invasion in China. Ecol Environ 13(3): 414–416
Qiang S, Cao XZ (2001) The harmfulness of exotic weeds in China and for their management. Biodivers Sci 9(2): 188–195
Qiang S, Cao XZ (2000) Survey and analysis of exotic weeds in China. J Plant Resour Environ 9(4): 31–38
Qu B, Lv G, Yang H, Liu SQ (2006) Report about alien invasive plants in Liaoning province. J Shenyang Agric Univ 37(4): 587–592
Shi Y, Xie S, Wang H (2006) Study on the exotic invasive plants in Shanxi province. J TianjinNormal Univ (Nat Sci Ed) 26(4): 23–27
Song MH, Dong M (2002) Clonal plants and plant species diversity in wetland ecosystems in China. J Veg Sci 13: 237–244
Soyolt, Jin F, Khasbagan (2007) A preliminary study on the invasive plants in Inner Mongolia. J Inner Mongolia Normal Univ (Nat Sci Ed) 36(4): 480–483
Tang HP, Tang SQ (2003) Pasture and Forest Restoration and the Diversity of Wildlife, biological invasions. J Lanzhou Univers (Soc Sci ED) 31(1): 38–43
Tian J, Lv C (2004) Harmful IAS in Shandong and their geographic distribution. J Binzhou Teach Coll 20(4): 42–46
Tu YL (2002) Biological invasions – alien invasive plants in Guizhou. Guizhou Environ Protect Sci Technol 118(14): 1–5
Wan FH, Guo JY, Wang DH (2002) Alien invasive species in China: their damages and management strategies. Biodivers Sci 10(1): 119–125
Wan ZJ, Zhang CH (2006) Status and counter-measures of biological invasions in China. Gansu Nongye 239: 114
Wang W, Zhang X (2007) Roster of alien invasive perilous species of animals and plants in Hainan island. Chin J Trop Agric 27(4): 58–64
Wang SH, Sun WB, Cheng X (2004) Attributes of plant proliferation, geographic spread and the natural communities invaded by the naturalized alien plant species Tithonia diversifolia in Yunnan,China. Acta Ecology Sinica 24: 444–449
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Wu SH, Chaw SM, Rejmánek M (2003) Naturalized Fabacease (Leguminosae) species in Taiwan: the first approximation. Bot Bull Acad Sin 44: 59–66
Wu SH, Hsieh CF, Chaw SM, Rejmánek M (2004) Plant invasions in Taiwan: Insights from the flora of casual and naturalized alien species. Diver Distrib 10: 349–362
Wu SH, Hsieh CH, Rejmánek M (2004) Catalogue of the naturalized flora of Taiwan. Taiwania 49: 16–31
Wu T, Meng C, Dai J, Zhu Y (2006) Alien invasive plants in Shandong province. Journal of ShandongNormal Univers (Nat Sci) 21(4): 105–109
Wu XW, Luo J, Cheng JK, Li B (2006) Spatial patterns of invasive alien plants in China and its relationship with environmental and anthropological factors. J Plant Ecol 30(4): 576–584
Xia D, Xu G, Peng T, Shun XF (2005) The analyses of biological invasion’s harmfulness and causes. J Changchun Teach Coll 24(1): 41–43
Xiang Y C, Peng S L, Ren H, Zhou H C (2002) Management and ecological risk assessment of exotic plants. Chin J Ecol, 21: 40–48
Xie Y, Li ZY, Gregg WP, Li DM (2001) Invasive species in China—an overview. Biodivers Conserv 10: 1317–1341
Xie YZ, Wang YB, Tan WF (2007) Invasive plants in Guangxiprovince. J Trop Subtrop Bot 15(2): 160–167
Xu HG, Ding H, Li MY, Qiang S, Guo JY, Han ZM et al (2006) The distribution and economic losses of alien species invasion to China. Biol Invasions 8: 1495–1500
Xu HG, Qiang S, Han ZM, Guo JY, Huang ZG, Sun HY, et al (2006) The status and causes of alien species invasion in China. Biodivers Conserv 15: 2893–2904
Xu HG, Qiang S, Han ZM, Guo JY, Huang ZG, Sun HY et al (2004) The distribution and introduction pathway of alien invasive species in China. Biodivers Sci 12(6): 626–638
Xu CD, Lu SG (2006) The invasive plants in Yunnan. Guihaia 26(3): 227–234
Xu CD, Yang X, Lu SG (2007) The invasive plant Tithonia diversifolia in China. Guihaia 27(4): 564–569
Yan Y, He Z, Gong Q, Cheng HF, Xing FW (2007) The alien plant species in Guangzhou, China. Guihaia 27(4): 570–575
Yan YH, Xing FW, Huang XX, Fu Q, Qin XS, Chen HF (2004) Exotic plants in Shenzhen, China. Guihaia 24(3): 232–238
Zang M, Qiu XL, Huang LF, Li YF, Mao SJ, Li DY (2006) Study on the alien plants in Anhui province. J Anhui Agric Sci 34(20): 5306–5308
Zhang LY, Ye WH (2002) Community invasibility and its influencing factors. Acta Phytoecol Sin 26(1): 109–114
Zhang LY, Ye WH, Cao HL, Feng HL (2004) Mikania micrantha H. B. K. in China – an overview. Weed Res 44: 42–49
Zhao Y, Lu J (2007) Main invasive species and their control strategies in ZhejiangProvince. Bull Sci Technol 23(4): 487–491
ZhaoYT, Li XH, Zhang ZW (2005) The damage of major adventitious invasive species in our country and countermeasure for control. Forest Invent Plan (6): 113–117
Zhao JM (2007) Study on the main exotic invasive plant species in Ruili, Yunnan. J SouthwestForest Coll 27(1): 20–2
Zhu CS, Tian CY, Lu SF, Zhang YX, Xu X, He YX et al (2007) Investigation on and statistical analysis of alien invasive plants in Henan province. J Henan Agric Univ 41(2): 183–187
Zhu L, Sun OJ, Sang WG, Li ZY, Ma KP (2007) Predicting the spatial distribution of an invasive plant species (Eupatorium adenophorum) in China. Landscape Ecol 22(8): 1143–1154
Appendix S2 Check lists of invasive plants from America in China
Species / Family / Life form / The number of units invaded / Geographic originsAlternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. / Amaranthaceae / chamaephyte / 23 / Central-South America
Alternanthera pungens Kunth / Amaranthaceae / therophyte / 13 / Central-South America
Amaranthus albus L. / Amaranthaceae / therophyte / 33 / North America
Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson / Amaranthaceae / therophyte / 4 / North America
Amaranthus caudatus L. / Amaranthaceae / therophyte / 28 / Central-South America
Amaranthus hybridus L. / Amaranthaceae / therophyte / 2 / Central-South America
Amaranthus polygonoides L. / Amaranthaceae / chamaephyte / 5 / Mexico
Amaranthus spinosus L. / Amaranthaceae / therophyte / 23 / Central-South America
Amaranthus viridis L. / Amaranthaceae / therophyte / 23 / Central-South America
Gomphrena celosioides Mart. / Amaranthaceae / hemicryptophyte / 1 / Central-South America
Nothoscordum gracile (Aiton) Stearn / Amaryllidaceae / hemicryptophyte / 1 / Central-South America
Pistia stratiotes L. / Araceae / hemicryptophyte / 16 / Central-South America
Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis / Basellaceae / chamaephyte / 6 / Central-South America
Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A. H. Gentry / Bignoniaceae / chamaephyte / 4 / Central-South America
Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray / Cabombaceae / therophyte / 3 / North America
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. / Cactaceae / phanerophyte / 5 / Mexico
Opuntia monacantha (Willd.) Haw. / Cactaceae / phanerophyte / 7 / Mexico
Acanthospermum australe (L.) Kuntze / Compositae / therophyte / 3 / Central-South America
Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King & H. Rob. / Compositae / chamaephyte / 14 / Mexico
Ageratum conyzoides L. / Compositae / therophyte / 9 / Central-South America
Ageratum houstonianum Mill. / Compositae / therophyte / 6 / Mexico
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. / Compositae / therophyte / 33 / North America
Ambrosia trifida L. / Compositae / therophyte / 8 / North America
Aster subulatus michx. / Compositae / therophyte / 15 / North America
Bidens frondosa L. / Compositae / therophyte / 8 / North America
Bidens pilosa L. / Compositae / therophyte / 26 / Central-South America
Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Sch. Bip. / Compositae / therophyte / 1 / Central-South America
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. / Compositae / chamaephyte / 24 / Central-South America
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. / Compositae / therophyte / 33 / North America
Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) Walker / Compositae / chamaephyte / 12 / Central-South America
Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg. ex Sweet / Compositae / chamaephyte / 3 / Central-South America
Coreopsis lanceolata L. / Compositae / chamaephyte / 7 / North America
Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. / Compositae / chamaephyte / 33 / North America
Cosmos bipinnata Cav. / Compositae / chamaephyte / 3 / Mexico
Cosmos sulphureus Cav. / Compositae / therophyte / 7 / Mexico
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. / Compositae / chamaephyte / 22 / North America
Appendix S2 continued
Species / Family / Life form / The number of units invaded / Geographic originsErigeron philadelphicus L. / Compositae / chamaephyte / 5 / North America
Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp / Compositae / chamaephyte / 2 / Central-South America
Eupatorium odoratum L. / Compositae / chamaephyte / 5 / Central-South America
Galinsoga parviflora Cav. / Compositae / therophyte / 24 / Central-South America
Heleniun bigelovii L. / Compositae / therophyte / 10 / North America
Helianthus tuberosus L. / Compositae / cryptophyte / 13 / North America
Mikania micrantha Kunth / Compositae / chamaephyte / 2 / Central-South America
Parthenium hysterophorus L. / Compositae / therophyte / 8 / Central-South America
Solidago canadensis L. / Compositae / chamaephyte / 7 / North America
Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski / Compositae / chamaephyte / 4 / Central-South America
Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. / Compositae / therophyte / 6 / Central-South America
Tagetes erecta L. / Compositae / therophyte / 4 / Mexico
Tagetes patula L. / Compositae / therophyte / 3 / Mexico
Tithonia diversifolia A. Gray / Compositae / phanerophyte / 3 / Mexico
Tridax procumbens L. / Compositae / hemicryptophyte / 5 / Central-South America
Xanthium spinosum L. / Compositae / chamaephyte / 7 / Central-South America
Zinnia peruviana (L.) L. / Compositae / therophyte / 6 / Mexico
Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet / Convolvulaceae / chamaephyte / 7 / Central-South America
Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth / Convolvulaceae / therophyte / 17 / Central-South America
Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth / Convolvulaceae / therophyte / 28 / Central-South America
Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. / Cruciferae / chamaephyte / 6 / North America
Lepidium virginicum L. / Cruciferae / chamaephyte / 23 / North America
Euphorbia antiquorum L. / Euphorbiaceae / chamaephyte / 1 / Central-South America
Euphorbia dentata Michx. / Euphorbiaceae / therophyte / 1 / North America
Euphorbia helioscopia L. / Euphorbiaceae / chamaephyte / 2 / Central-South America
Euphorbia hirta L. / Euphorbiaceae / therophyte / 2 / Central-South America
Euphorbia maculata L. / Euphorbiaceae / therophyte / 10 / North America
Geranium carolinianum L. / Geraniaceae / chamaephyte / 17 / North America
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. / Gramineae / therophyte / 1 / North America
Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv. / Gramineae / chamaephyte / 10 / Central-South America
Bromus cartharticus Vahl. / Gramineae / chamaephyte / 3 / Central-South America
Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. / Gramineae / therophyte / 3 / North America
Cenchrus echinatus L. / Gramineae / therophyte / 7 / Central-South America
Hordeum jubatum L. / Gramineae / therophyte / 3 / North America
Panicum repens L. / Gramineae / chamaephyte / 10 / Central-South America
Paspalum conjugatum Bergius / Gramineae / chamaephyte / 12 / Central-South America
Paspalum dilatatum Poir. / Gramineae / chamaephyte / 7 / Central-South America
Paspalum fimbriatum Kunth. / Gramineae / chamaephyte / 1 / Central-South America
Spartina alterniflora Loisel. / Gramineae / therophyte / 7 / North America
Hyptis brevipes Poit. / Labiatae / therophyte / 1 / Mexico
Hyptis rhomboidea Mart. & Gal. / Labiatae / chamaephyte / 5 / Central-South America
Appendix S2 continued
Species / Family / Life form / The number of units invaded / Geographic originsHyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. / Labiatae / therophyte / 5 / Central-South America
Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. / Leguminosae / phanerophyte / 8 / Central-South America
Cassia alata L. / Leguminosae / phanerophyte / 1 / Central-South America
Cassia mimosoides L. / Leguminosae / chamaephyte / 8 / Central-South America
Cassia occidentalis L. / Leguminosae / phanerophyte / 10 / Central-South America
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit / Leguminosae / phanerophyte / 9 / Central-South America
Mimosa invisa Mart. ex Colla / Leguminosae / chamaephyte / 1 / Central-South America
Mimosa invisa var. Wright var. inermis (Adelb.) Verdc. / Leguminosae / chamaephyte / 1 / Central-South America
Mimosa pudica L. / Leguminosae / chamaephyte / 10 / Central-South America
Mimosa sepiaria Benth. / Leguminosae / phanerophyte / 2 / Central-South America
Abutilon crispum (L.) Medikus / Malvaceae / chamaephyte / 1 / Mexico
Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke / Malvaceae / chamaephyte / 6 / Mexico
Mirabilis jalapaL. / Nyctaginaceae / therophyte / 17 / Central-South America
Gaura parviflora Douglas ex Lehm. / Onagraceae / chamaephyte / 7 / North America
Oenothera biennis L. / Onagraceae / chamaephyte / 19 / North America
Oenothera rosea L’Her. ex Aiton / Onagraceae / chamaephyte / 1 / Mexico
Oxalis corymbosa DC. / Oxalidaceae / chamaephyte / 14 / Central-South America
Argemone mexicana L. / Papaveraceae / therophyte / 7 / Mexico
Robinia pseudoacacia L. / Papilionaceae / phanerophyte / 15 / North America
Passionfora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg. / Passifloraceae / chamaephyte / 1 / Central-South America
Phytolacca americanaL. / Phytolaccaceae / chamaephyte / 21 / North America
Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth / Piperaceae / therophyte / 7 / Central-South America
Plantago virginica L. / Plantaginaceae / hemicryptophyte / 6 / North America
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms / Pontederiaceae / hemicryptophyte / 19 / Central-South America
Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. / Portulacaceae / cryptophyte / 2 / Central-South America
Spermacoce latifolia (AuBlume) K. Schum. / Rubiaceae / chamaephyte / 8 / Central-South America
Scoparia dulcis L. / Scrophulariaceae / chamaephyte / 7 / Central-South America
Datura stramonium L. / Solanaceae / phanerophyte / 34 / Mexico
Physalis angulata L. / Solanaceae / therophyte / 2 / Central-South America
Physalis pubescens L. / Solanaceae / therophyte / 5 / Mexico
Solanum aculeatissimum Jacquem. / Solanaceae / chamaephyte / 10 / Central-South America
Solanum erianthum D. Don / Solanaceae / phanerophyte / 9 / Central-South America
Solanum surattense Burm.f. / Solanaceae / chamaephyte / 14 / Central-South America
Solanum torvum Swartz. / Solanaceae / phanerophyte / 9 / Central-South America
Waltheria indica L. / Sterculiaceae / chamaephyte / 6 / Central-South America
Eryngium foetidum L. / Umbelliferae / chamaephyte / 1 / Central-South America
Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. / Urticaceae / therophyte / 7 / Central-South America
camara L. / Verbenaceae / chamaephyte / 7 / Central-South America
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl / Verbenaceae / chamaephyte / 6 / Central-South America
Parthenocissus quinquefolia L. / Vitaceae / chamaephyte / 7 / North America