Name Class Date
CELLS HOMEWORK PACKET
A. BUILD VOCABULARY.Use the word bank to fill in the correct term to match each definition.
WORD BANK:
Cell theoryEukaryoteNucleus
ProkaryoteCellCell membrane
Term / Definitioncell / Basic unit of life
Cell membrane / Thin flexible barrier that separates the cell from its environment
Cell theory / All living things are made of one or more cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function; and new cells come from previously existing cells.
eukaryote / Cell with DNA that is enclosed in a nucleus
Nucleus / Cell structure that contains genetic material
Prokaryote / Cell with DNA not enclosed in a nucleus
BUILD Understanding
Concept Map A concept map can help you organize information and show how ideas are connected. As you read Lesson 1, complete the linear maps below. Add text to the circles to show the most important parts of the concept. Connect the circles with lines.
As you read the lesson, complete the concept maps.
Exploring the Cell
A microscope allows scientists to study very small objects. It magnifies objects by focusing light or electrons. The chart below contains information about three kinds of microscopes. The middle column contains a description of each type of microscope. The third column describes ways each type of microscope is used.
1. Use the terms below to complete the chart.
MicroscopesType of Microscope / Description of Microscope / Uses of Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope / Uses beams of electrons to examine thin slices of material / Provides two-dimensional images of cell structures
Compound Light Microscope / Uses lenses to focus light on a specimen / Enlarges cells or cell parts up to 1000 times
Scanning Electron Microscope / Uses beams of electrons to view the surface of a specimen / Provides three-dimensional images of cells
Circle the correct answer for each of the questions below.
2. A scientist wants to examine the structures inside of a tiny bacterial cell. What is the best microscope to use for this job?
scanning electron microscopetransmission electron microscope
3. Your science class is going to examine the one-celled organisms in pond water. What is the best microscope to use?
light microscope scanning electron microscope
4. Which of these microscopes would let you see the hairlike projections on the surface of a cell better?
transmission electron microscopescanning electron microscope
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes are simple cells. They lack a nucleus. Your body is made up of eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes have a nucleus that holds DNA. They also have organelles.
Look at the diagrams below. Follow the directions.
1. Identify the prokaryotic cell by writing the word “prokaryotic” on the correct line.
2. Identify the eukaryotic cell by writing the word “eukaryotic” on the correct line.
3. Compare and contrast the two types of cells by completing the table.
Prokaryotic Cell / Eukaryotic CellCell membrane / yes / YES
Nucleus / NO / YES
Cell size / SMALLER / larger
Complexity / simpler / MORE COMPLEX
Answer the questions.
4. Circle the correct answer. Your body is made up of cells.
prokaryoticeukaryotic
5. Circle the correct answer. Bacteria are cells.
prokaryoticeukaryotic
6. Give two other examples of living things that are eukaryotic.Onion, cow, flowering plant
Cell Structure
Building Vocabulary Use the word bank to fill in the term that best matches each definition.
WORD BANK:
CytoskeletonCytoplasmOrganelle
MitochondrionGolgi apparatusCell Wall
RibosomeChloroplastVacuole
LysosomeEndoplasmic ReticulumCentriole
Term / DefinitionCELL WALL / Structure around plant cells, fungus cells, and some bacterial cells that supports and protects
CENTRIOLES / Structure in animal cells that helps organize cell division
CHLOROPLASTS / Structure in plant cells that captures the sun’s energy and changes it into chemical energy
CYTOPLASM / Fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus
CYTOSKELETON / Network of protein filaments that gives a cell its shape and organizes its organelles
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ROUGH) / Internal membrane system of a cell where proteins are assembled
GOLGI APPARATUS / Series of flattened sacs that prepares proteins and other materials for export from the cell
Continued on next page
Term / DefinitionLYSOSOME / Enzyme-filled structure that breaks down complex molecules or worn-out organelles
MITOCHONDRIA / Organelle that changes the chemical energy in food into a form that is easier for the cell to use
ORGANELLE / Structure within a cell that acts like a specialized organ
RIBOSOME / Structure that assembles proteins
VACUOLE / Saclike structure that stores materials like water and nutrients
Review Questions:
__D___1. In many cells, the structure that controls the cell’s activities is the :
a. cell membranec. nucleolus
b. organelled. nucleus
__B___2. Cells can be very different in size, shape, and the types of organelles they have. However, at some point ALL cells have DNA and
a. a cell wallc. mitochondria
b. a cell membraned. a nucleus
___C__3. In eukaryotic cells, the cell’s genetic information is found in the:
a. ribosomesc. nucleus
b. lysosomesd. cell membrane
___B__4. The organelles that break down lipids, sugars, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the cell are called:
a. vacuolesc. ribosomes
b. lysosomesd. microfilaments
___A__5. What are the two major types of organic molecules that make up the cell membrane?
a. phospholipids and proteinsc. nucleic acids and proteins
b. carbohydrates and proteinsd. phospholipids and nucleic acids
___C__6. Which of the following is true of ALL single-celled organisms?
a. they are all prokaryotes
b. they are all bacteria
c. they all are able to reproduce
d. they all have a nucleus
Cell Organization
An organelle is a specialized cell structure. Each organelle functions in a different way. All of the organelles help the cell carry out life processes.
Use the terms in the box to write the name of the organelle underneath its picture.
Organelle / FunctionNUCLEUS / Controls most cell processes and stores genetic material
SMOOTH ER / Where lipid parts of the cell membrane and proteins for export are assembled and stored
GOLGI / Modifies, sorts, and packages materials from the endoplasmic reticulum
MITOCHONDRIA / Converts the energy stored in food into a more usable form
Venn Diagram A Venn diagram is made up of overlapping circles. It is a useful tool for comparing two or even three topics.
Use terms from the box to complete the Venn diagrams below. Write only the letters that represent the words to save space.
Comparing Animal, Plant and Prokaryotic Cells
Read section 7.2 (pages 164-175) in your textbook.
1. Which cell structures are categorized as “organelles that capture and release energy”?chloroplasts and mitochondria
2. Which cell structures are categorized as “cellular boundaries”?cell wall and cell membrane
3. Which cell structures are categorized as “organelles that store, clean-up and support”?vacuoles/vesicles, lysosomes, cytoskeleton (centrioles)
4. Which cell structures are categorized as “organelles that build proteins”?ribosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus
5. Name two cell structures that are found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells.Chloroplast and cell wall
__E, G, H, J___6. Which of the following are common to ALL cells? (Select all correct answers.)
a. nucleusb. cell wallc. lysosomesd. mitochondria
e. cell membranef. chloroplastsg. cytoplasmh. DNA
i. Golgij. ribosomesk. ERl. nucleolus
______7. Which cells are generally larger and more complex, containing a variety of internal organelles?
a. prokaryoticb. eukaryotic
8. Label the parts of the Prokaryotic Cell shown at right.
Word bank: cell wall, cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes
**Challenge: can you also label cilia and flagella?**
Homeostasis and Cells (7.4)
A. Fill in the definitions of each of the terms in the chart below. One has been done for you.
Term / DefinitionHomeostasis / THE RELATIVELY CONSTANT INTERNAL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONDITIONS IN A CELL
Organ / GROUPS OF TISSUES WORKING TOGETHER
Organ system / GROUP OF ORGANS WORKING TOGETHER
Organism / One individual living thing
Tissue / GROUP OF SIMILAR CELLS THAT WORK TOGETHER TO DO A PARTICULAR JOB
Multicellular Life
The levels of organization in a multicellular organism are cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Follow the directions.
1. Draw an arrow from the drawing that shows the least complex level of organization to the next most complex level of organization.
2. Draw an arrow to the next most complex level of organization.
3. Draw an arrow to the most complex level of organization.
Review
1. Use the figure on page 182 to give an example of the levels of organization found in a multicellular organism.
A muscle cell makes up smooth muscle tissue which makes up an organ like the stomach which is part of the digestive system.
2. How do the cells of multicellular organisms work together to maintain homeostasis?
The cells of multicellular organisms have specialized jobs and communicate with one another to maintain homeostasis.
3. How do individual cells maintain homeostasis?
To maintain homeostasis, unicellular organisms grow, respond to the environment, change food or sunlight into useful energy, and reproduce.