Chapter 3
Phases of Matter

Section 1: Matter and Energy

Kinetic Theory

  • 3 Parts

1. All matter is made of ______.

2. These tiny particles are ______.

•The higher the ______, the ______the particles move.

3. At the same temperature, ______(heavier) ______

  • This ______for the 3 states of matter.

State of Matter

•Matter is classified as:

–______

•Determined by whether ______and ______are ______.

•When a ______from one phase of matter to another,the identify of the ______.

•Water freezes to a ______and ______to a liquid, but it is still just ______.

Solid / Liquid / Gas

•Activity! Describing Solid-Liquid-Gas

–Please fill out the following spreadsheet and then collect data.

–Find it or write (?)

Solid / Liquid / Gas
Volume
Shape
Mass

Solids

•Characteristics of a Solid

–Solids have a ______and ______

–The______are held ______by strong ______

–Packed ______

–______in place.

–Don’t ______

Liquids

  • Characteristics of Liquids
  • Has a ______but ______.
  • ______remains the same, but shape ______.
  • Take shape of ______.
  • Particles are ______but can ______.
  • The particles in a liquid move much ______.
  • This allows the particles of a liquid to ______the ______between them.

Gases

  • Characteristics of Gases
  • Gases ______and ______.
  • Particles are ______
  • Can ______
  • Fill in ______

Plasma

  • Characteristics of Plasma
  • Most ______
  • Has no definite ______or ______
  • Composed of ______or ______
  • Found naturally in ______, ______, ______, aurora borealis
  • Most conduct ______
  • Plasmas are ______but have some ______that are different.
  • Example: plasmas conduct electric current, while gases ______!
  • The glow of ______is caused by ______plasma which is formed by passing ______through gases.

Energy’s Role

  • ______is the ability to ______or move ______, or to do ______.
  • The energy of motion is called ______
  • Because atoms and molecules are ______, all ______have kinetic energy.
  • Temperature is the ______
  • Particles of matter are constantly moving, but they are not ______.

–The more kinetic energy, the ______.

  • The ______of particles that make up a substance is ______

–Total KE (thermal energy) depends on the ______in that substance.

–Identify as a Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma

Chapter 3.2 Changes of State

Energy and Changes of State

  • The ______of a ______during a change in state
  • The ability to change or ______

–As you ______to a liquid, the ______goes up separating molecules

  • Some changes of state ______

–______

Evaporation

  • The change of state from a ______
  • ______- The temperature at which a liquid boils.
  • The temperature of boiling water is ______on the celsius scale and ______on the Fahrenheit scale.
  • The temp in the room is about ______and ____.
  • Are the following temperatures hot or cold?

–65°F, 65°C, 27°F, 27°C, 0°F, 0°C, 100°F, 100°C

Sublimation

  • The process in which a _____changes ______into a ____

–Ex. ______(Carbon dioxide in the solid form) changes directly from a solid to a gas

Melting Point

  • The temperature at which a ______from ______.
  • Melting point depends on the ______.
  • Energy is released in some changes of state

–______and ______

  • Please sketch the following into your notes

Temperature

  • The temperature of a ______during a change of state.
  • For example, if you ______to ice at 0oC, the temperature will ______rise until all of the ______

–When energy is added – ______.

–When energy is removed – ______.

  • ______: The energy ______or ______when a substance changes its physical state.

The Law of Conservation of Mass

  • Mass cannot be ______.
  • ______, and turn into different forms, but the ______stays the same.
  • ______has mass!

The Law of conservation of energy

  • Energy cannot be ______

–Energy can ______from one form to another, but the ______, before and after the ______, is the same.

The Law of conservation of matter

  • In any ______, matter is neither created nor destroyed

–Matter can be ______one form to ______.

Chapter 3.3 Fluids

Fluids

  • A ______of matter in which the atoms or ______are ______past each other.
  • ______and______are fluids, because their particles can ______past each other.

Pressure

  • Pressure is the amount of ______exerted on a ______.
  • ______pressure______in all directions.
  • The SI unit of pressure is the ______.

–One ______(1 Pa) is the force of one ______exerted over an area of one ______(1N/m2).

  • The ______is the SI unit of ______.

Buoyant Force

  • ______is the force with which a ______pushes a less ______substance upward.
  • All fluids exert an______on matter.
  • ______principle is used to ______buoyant force.

Archimedes Principle

  • The ______on an object in a fluid is an upward force that ______the weight of the fluid that the ______.

Density

  • An object will ______or ______based on its density.
  • You can determine if a substance will float or sink by ______.

Pascal’s Principle

  • A ______at any point in an enclosed fluid will be transmitted ______to all ______. P=force/ area
  • ______are based on Pascal’s Principle.

Fluids in Motion

  • Fluids move ______through ______than through ______.
  • _____at which they ______
  • ______is the resistance of a fluid to flow.

Chapter 3.4 Behavior of Gases

Properties of Gases

  • Have ______and are ______.
  • Mostly ______.
  • ______fill containers ______and completely.
  • Gases ______.

Gas Laws

  • The gas laws will help you ______and ______the behavior of gases in specific situations.

•______(relates pressure to volume)

•______(relates pressure to temperature)

•______(relates temperature to volume)

Boyle’s Law

  • Boyle’s law relates the ______.
  • For a ______, as the pressure goes ____ the volume goes ______.
  • As the volume goes __ the pressure goes ______

Temperature is constant
  • A ______is an example.
  • As the volume of the air trapped in the ______, its pressure goes up, and air is forced ______.

(pressure1) (volume1) = (pressure2) (volume2) P1V1 = P2V2

Gay-Lussac’s Law

  • Relates gas ______.
  • The pressure of a gas ______as the temperature ______.
  • If the ______of the ______. The pressure ______as the temperature ______

Volume is constant

Charles’s Law

  • Charles’s law relates ______.
  • For a fixed amount of gas at a ______, the volume of the gas ______as the gas’s temperature ______.
  • Likewise, the volume of the gas ______as the gas’s temperature ______.

Pressure is constant