Practice Test 1 – Kine 3350 Fall 2006
Chapter 1
Physiology of Exercise in the United States:
Its Past, Its Future
1. The director of the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory was
a. A.V. Hill.
b. August Krogh.
c. Otto Meyerhof.
d. D.B. Dill.
2. The professional society that has published a health-related fitness manual for public schools is the
a. American College of Sports Medicine.
b. American Alliance for Health, Recreation, Physical Education, and Dance.
c. American Physiological Society.
d. Association for Fitness in Business.
3. Name the journal that regularly publishes research articles dealing with exercise physiology.
a. International Journal of Sports Medicine
b. Science
c. Annals of Internal Medicine
d. Journal of the American Medical Association
4. Which American president played a role in the formation of the President’s Council on Youth Fitness?
a. Nixon
b. Eisenhower
c. Clinton
d. Kennedy
5. Which of the following is a certification offered by the National Strength and Conditioning Association?
a. Exercise Specialist
b. Health/Fitness Instructor
c. Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist
d Registered Clinical Exercise Physiologist
Chapter 2
Control of the Internal Environment
1. The term homeostasis is defined as
a. a constant metabolic demand placed upon the body.
b. the maintenance of a constant or unchanging internal environment (i.e., usually applied to denote normal conditions during rest).
c. a low metabolic rate.
d. a change within the internal environment.
2. Physiologists use the term steady state to denote
a. a steady and unchanging internal environment.
b. a completely normal external environment.
c. a changing internal environment.
d. an increase in body heat storage.
3. A biological control system can be defined as
a. a reflex arc resulting in a dynamic change in limb position.
b. a rigid series of resistors that act to prevent an increase in blood pressure.
c. a series of interconnected components that serve to maintain a physical or chemical parameter of the body.
d. an integrating center that acts as a control box.
4. The general components of a biological control system are the
a. receptor, integrating center, and control center.
b. receptor, integrating center, and the effector.
c. effector, control box, and stimulus.
d. receptor and integrating center.
5. Most control systems of the body operate via
a. positive feedback.
b. low-gain receptors.
c. negative feedback.
d. feed forward mechanisms.
6. The gain of a biological control system can be thought of as the
a. amount of amplification of the system or the precision with which the control system maintains homeostasis.
b. ratio of the amount of abnormality to the amount of correction needed to maintain a constant internal environment (i.e., amount abnormality/amount of correction needed).
c. positive feedback needed to maintain homeostasis.
d. stimulus that triggers the biological control system to bring the internal environment back to normal.
7. In negative feedback, the response of the system is
a. to increase the gain of the receptor.
b. to modify the receptor’s response to the stimulus.
c. opposite to that of the stimulus.
d. positive to that of the stimulus.
8. During 60 minutes of constant-load submaximal exercise, the body temperature reaches a plateau after 35-45 minutes. This is an example of
a. homeostasis.
b. effector.
c. steady state.
d. changing internal environment.
9. The precision with which a control system maintains homeostasis is termed
a. positive feedback.
b. negative feedback.
c. set point.
d. gain.
10. Stress proteins that are manufactured by cells in response to exercise
a. can lead to an increased production of free radicals.
b. can lead to further disruptions in homeostasis.
c. can lead to an increased degree of cellular injury.
d. can help to repair damage caused by free radicals.
11. Homeostasis is characterized by the constant fluctuation of a physiological variable around a set point.
a. true
b. false
12. Ingesting carbohydrates will increase blood glucose, which will stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin, ultimately resulting in a decrease in the cellular uptake of glucose.
a. true
b. false
Chapter 3
Bioenergetics
1. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy
a. cannot be created nor destroyed.
b. cannot be stored.
c. cannot be converted into other forms.
d. transformations result in an increase in entropy.
2. By definition, an endergonic reaction is
a. a chemical reaction that requires energy to be added to the reactants before the reaction will take place.
b. a chemical reaction that gives off energy.
c. an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
d. a chemical reaction that results in products containing less free energy than the original reactants.
3. Coupled reactions are defined as
a. reactions that are linked together via the same enzyme.
b. reactions that are linked together, with the liberation of free energy in one reaction being used to drive the second reaction.
c. reactions that are not directly linked together but are related to the same enzyme.
d. reactions that are linked via common substrates.
4. Enzymes are catalysts that increase the rate of reactions by
a. pulling two substrates together.
b. lowering the energy of activation.
c. binding to a substrate and producing energy.
d. binding to a substrate and releasing protons.
5. Elevated blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase may assist in the diagnosis of which medical condition?
a. Paget’s disease
b. pancreatitis
c. muscular dystrophy
d. myocardial infarction
6. Which of the following definitions describes the function of the “hydrolase” category of enzymes?
a. enzymes that catalyze reactions that result in the rearrangement of the structure of molecules
b. enzymes that catalyze reactions in which groups of elements are removed to form a double bond or are added to an existing double bond
c. enzymes that catalyze reactions in which the cleavage of bonds is accomplished by adding water
d. enzymes that catalyze the transfer of elements from one molecule to another
7. Stored polysaccharides in muscle and other tissues in animals are called
a. glucose.
b. fructose.
c. glycogen.
d. cellulose.
8. Neutral fats that are stored in muscle and other tissues and play an important role as an energy substrate are
a. phospholipids.
b. cholesterol.
c. triglycerides.
d. lipoproteins.
9. The most important high-energy phosphate compound in the muscle cell is
a. NAD.
b. FAD.
c. ATP.
d. GTP.
10. The simplest and most rapid method to produce ATP during exercise is through
a. glycolysis.
b. ATP-CP system.
c. aerobic metabolism.
d. glycogenolysis.
11. The principal function of glycolysis is to
a. degrade glucose or glycogen into pyruvic acid or lactic acid and produce ATP.
b. form NADH and FADH.
c. degrade lactic acid to pyruvic acid.
d. generate high-energy compounds such as GTP.
12. The net production of ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis is
a. 2 ATP if glucose is the substrate and 4 ATP if glycogen is the substrate.
b. 2 ATP if glucose is the substrate and 3 ATP if glycogen is the substrate.
c. 3 ATP if glucose is the substrate and 4 ATP if glycogen is the substrate.
d. 3 ATP if glucose is the substrate and 3 ATP if glycogen is the substrate.
13. The two most important hydrogen (electron) carriers in bioenergetic chemical reactions are
a. NAD and ATP.
b. FAD and ATP.
c. NAD and FAD.
d. NAD and LDH.
14. The primary function of the Krebs cycle is to
a. complete the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins (i.e., form NADH and FADH).
b. produce ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation.
c. prime glycolysis for the production of ATP.
d. produce H2O and ATP.
15. Aerobic production of ATP occurs in the
a. mitochondria in a process called glycolysis.
b. mitochondria (i.e., electron transport chain) in a process called oxidative phosphorylation.
c. mitochondria in a process called beta oxidation.
d. cytoplasm.
16. Each pair of electrons passed through the electron transport chain from NADH to oxygen releases enough energy to form
a. 1.5 ATP.
b. 2.5 ATP.
c. 5.0ATP.
d. 10.0 ATP.
17. The total ATP production via aerobic breakdown of glucose is
a. 32 ATP.
b. 36 ATP.
c. 38 ATP.
d. 39 ATP.
18. The calculated efficiency for aerobic respiration is approximately
a. 20%.
b. 34%.
c. 50%.
d. 66%.
19. The breakdown of creatine phosphate is regulated by
a. the amount of lactate dehydrogenase in the muscle.
b. the amount of NAD in the sarcoplasm of the muscle.
c. ADP concentration in the cytoplasm.
d. the pH of the interstitial fluid.
20. The most important rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis is
a. lactate dehydrogenase.
b. hexokinase.
c. phosphofructokinase.
d. pyruvate kinase.
21. The rate limiting enzyme in the Krebs cycle is
a. isocitrate dehydrogenase.
b. hexokinase.
c. succinate dehydrogenase.
d. cytochrome oxidase.
22. In general, the higher the intensity of the activity, the greater the contribution of
a. aerobic energy production.
b. anaerobic energy production.
c. the Krebs cycle to the production of ATP.
d. the electron transport chain to the production of ATP.
23. The enzyme responsible for the aerobic synthesis of ATP (located within the mitochondria) is
a. phosphofructokinase.
b. isocitrate dehydrogenase.
c. myosin ATPase.
d. ATP synthase.
24. The chemical reaction that involves pyruvate and lactate may require either oxidation or reduction of a coenzyme, and the direction depends on the relative concentrations of the reactants.
a. true
b. false
25. In order to be oxidized for the eventual formation of ATP, amino acids must first be broken down into proteins.
a. true
b. false
26. Anaerobic metabolism occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell; therefore, the primary site of free radical production is also the cytoplasm.
a. true
b. false
27. All metabolic reactions occur in only one direction.
a. true
b. false
28. The enzyme-substrate complex is
a. best described by the lock and key model.
b. not influenced by pH.
c. a terminal point for both the enzyme and substrate (neither can be reused).
d. more likely to occur in a 20 degrees C environment than a 40 degrees C one.
29. The caloric (Kcal) yield of one gram of protein added to that of one gram of carbohydrate is
a. equal to the caloric yield of one gram of fat.
b. greater than the caloric yield of one gram of fat.
c. less than the caloric yield of one gram of fat.
30. The enzyme responsible for removing energy from the most common high-energy phosphate compound is
a. adenylate cyclase.
b. adenosine diphosphatase.
c. creatine kinase.
d. adenosine triphosphatase.
e. adenosine phosphatase.
31. The accumulation of ______would inhibit glycolysis by affecting its rate limiting enzyme ______.
a. ADP; hexokinase
b. ATP; hexokinase
c. ATP; phosphofructokinase
d. ADP; phosphofructokinase
32. The old ATP tally differs from the new ATP tally in which of the following ways?
a. The old tally is greater and requires more H+ to make one ATP.
b. The new tally is greater and requires more H+ to make one ATP.
c. The new tally is smaller and requires fewer H+ to make one ATP.
d. The old tally is greater and requires more H+ to make one ATP.
33. The complete metabolism (through the end of the TCA cycle) of 5 molecules of glucose would produce a total of
a. 10 NADH+H.
b. 50 NADH+H.
c. 100 NADH+H.
d. 500 NADH+H.
e. 1,000 NADH+H.
34. The primary purpose of the Krebs cycle is to
a. complete the oxidation of foodstuffs using NAD and FAD as hydrogen (electron) carriers.
b. catalyze the phosphorylation of ADP from creatine phosphate.
c. oxidize foodstuffs and transfer those electrons to pyruvic acid.
d. consume lactate.
35. Which of the following is true concerning the electron transport chain?
a. The associated oxidation and reduction reactions provide the energy needed to pump H+ ions into the mitochondrial matrix.
b. The flow of H+ ions from the inter-membrane space back into the mitochondrial matrix powers the (aerobic) production of ADP.
c. The electrons passed down the chain will eventually be used to help form water.
d. The end result of the electron transport chain is the formation of oxygen.