Chapter 7 – Cell structure and function note sheet
Ò Everything happens at ______
Ò Biology used to look @ large levels: critters, behaviors, environment
Ò Science has proven EVERYTHING is ______
Ò How did science prove this?
Ò ______!!!
Ò Robert Hooke
Ò ______Microscope
Ò ______
Ò Cells: monastery rooms were called cells
Ò Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Ò ______: pond water
Ò Lots of “Stuff’ in the water
É Even drinking water
Ò The cell theory
Ò All living things are ______
Ò Cells are the ______in living things
Ò New cells are produced ______
Ò Types of cells: Prokaryotes
É Do not contain a ______
É the ______of the cell
É First cells to have ______
É ______than other cells
É HOWEVER: carry out ALL functions of Eukaryote
É ______
Ò BACTERIA J
Ò Eukaryote cells
Ò Larger & more ______
Ò Well defined ______
É ______
Ò Most are ______organisms
É Plants
É Animals
Ò Cell Structure & Function
Ò Eukaryotic Cell structure: organelles
Ò Each structure lives in the ______
Ò Nucleus- Brain; all ______
É ______- surrounds nucleus
É ______-DNA bound to proteins (grains thru-out)
É ______- chromatin becomes chromosomes
Ð Contains actual ______that is passed from 1 to another
É ______- Proteins assembly!
Ò ______- make proteins!!! Very important J
Ò ______- ER: lipids & proteins are assembled & exported from the cell AMBULANCE
É Rough ER: has ______; creates proteins
É Smooth ER: contains ______; detox drugs, makes lipids
Ò Golgi apparatus- proteins from ER come here to package & release to either: ______
Ò Lysosomes- lysol: clean up cell; ______
Ò Vacuoles- you store your vacuum in a storage facility- ______
Ò Mitochondria- mighty mites of cell!! ______
Ò Chloroplasts- ______: captures light E from sun & convert it to chemical E for plant use
É Both mito & chloro have ______
Ò Cytoskeleton- ______
É Network of protein filaments
Ð Microfilaments ______
Ð Microtubules ______
Ò ______: found only in animal cells; helps in cell division
Ò Cell boundaries
Ò ______: regulates what enters & leaves
É Lipid bilayer- gives cell flexible structure; ______
É Molecules are embedded in membrane
Ò ______: ONLY in PLANT CELLS! Outside cell membrane; porous to allow flow; very strong to provide support & protection for plant
É Crunchy part of fruits and veggies
Ò Diffusion
Ò Particles w/in a solution ______.
Ò Particles move from an area ______
Ò ______: when the particles equal the same throughout the solution or area
Ò Osmosis
Ò Absolutely the same as diffusion except:
Ò ______is the particle: the diffusion of water through a ______
Ò ______: same; is equal- same strength
Ò ______: below; below strength
Ò ______: above; above strength
Ò ALL DONE WITHOUT ENERGY!
Ò Facilitated diffusion
Ò Still does not require energy!!
Ò Molecules that are too large, must be allowed to enter:
É Protein channels: if molecules are recog., will open
É Same principle: if there are too many on 1 side, molecules will want to move to the other
Ò Active transport
Ò Requires energy!!
Ò Some molecules need to move ______
Ò ______: INTO-cytosis; brings molecules inside cell
É Pinocytosis: cell ______(vacuoles pinch into cell)
É Phagocytosis: cell ______- vacuoles engulf food, and bring them into cell
Ò ______: Exit-cytosis; vacuole engulfs particle, spits it out of cell
Ò Diversity of life
Ò ______- single celled organisms (dominate life on Earth)
Ò ______- more than 1 cell. Specialized cells
Ò Levels of Organization
É ______
É ______
É ______
É ______
É ______