References

Acemoglu, Daron; Simon Johnson; James A. Robinson. 2001. “Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation.” American Economic Review 91:5 (December) 1369-1401.

Ades, Alberto; Rafael Di Tella. 1997. “The New Economics of Corruption: A Survey and Some New Results.” In Paul Heywood (ed), Political Corruption (Oxford: Basil Blackwell) 80-99.

Alesina, Alberto, Arnaud Devleeschauwer, William Easterly, Sergio Kurlat, and Romain Wacziarg. 2002. “Fractionalization.” HarvardUniversity, Department of Economics.

Alesina, Alberto; Arnaud Devleeschauwer; William Easterly; Sergio Kurlat; Romain Wacziarg. 2003. “Fractionalization.” Journal of Economic Growth 8:2, 155-94.

Alvarez, Sonia E.; Evelina Dagnino; Arturo Escobar. 1998. “Introduction: The Cultural and the Political in Latin American Social Movements.” In Sonia E. Alvarez, Evelina Dagnino & Arturo Escobar (eds), Cultures of Politics, Politics of Cultures (Boulder: Westview Press).

Alvarez, Sonia, Evelina Dagnino and Arturo Escobar, eds. 1998. Cultures of Politics/Politics of Cultures: Revisioning Latin American Social Movements. Boulder, CO: Westview.

Amsden, Alice H. 1989. Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization. Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press.

Anand, Sudhir; Fabienne Peter; Amartya Sen (eds). 2004. PublicHealth, Ethics and Equity. Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press.

Anderson, Leslie; Lawrence C. Dodd. 2005. Learning Democracy: Citizen Engagement and Electoral Choice in Nicaragua, 1990-2001. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Arellano, Manuel, Stephen Bond. 1991. “Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations.” Review of Economic Studies 58:2 (April) 277-297.

Arellano, Manuel; Stephen Bond. 1991. “Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations.” Review of Economic Studies 58:2 (April) 277-97.

Armijo, Leslie Elliott; Carolos Gervasoni. 2006. “Democracy and Macroeconomic Moderation: Theories and Evidence.” Unpublished manuscript.

Armijo, Leslie Elliott; Christine A. Kearney. 2007. “Does Democratization Alter the Polity Process? Trade Policymaking in Brazil.” Unpublished manuscript.

Arneson, Richard J. 2004. “Democracy is not Intrinsically Just.” In Keith Dowding, Robert E. Goodin, and Carole Pateman (eds), Justice and Democracy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 40-58.

Attanasio, Orazio P; Lucio Picci; and Antonello E. Scorcu. 2000. “Saving, Growth and Investment: A Macroeconomic Analysis Using a Panel of Countries.” Review of Economics and Statistics 82:2, 182-211.

Azfar, Omar and Charles Cadwell (eds). 2002. Market-Augmenting Government: The Institutional Foundations for Prosperity. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Banerjee, Abhijit V. 1999. “Land Reforms: Prospects and Strategies.” Conference Paper, Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics, WashingtonD.C.; and MIT Department of Economics Working Paper No. 99-24.

Banks, Arthur S. 1994. “Cross-National Time-Series Data Archive.” Center for Social Analysis, StateUniversity of New York at Binghamton. Binghamton, New York.

Banks, Arthur S. 1994. “Cross-National Time-Series Data Archive.” Center for Social Analysis, StateUniversity of New York at Binghamton. Binghamton, New York.

Barro, Robert J. 1996. “Democracy and Growth.” Journal of Economic Growth 1 (March), 1-27.

Barro, Robert J. 1997. Determinants of Economic Growth. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Batsell, Jake. 2005. “AIDS, Politics, and NGOs in Zimbabwe,” in The AfricanState and the AIDS Crisis, ed. Amy S. Patterson, 59-78. Aldershot, Hants, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

Baum, Matthew A.; DavidA.Lake. 2003. “The Political Economy of Growth: Democracy and Human Capital.” American Journal of Political Science 47 (April).

Beck, Nathaniel and Jonathan N. Katz. 2004. “Time-Series—Cross-Section Issues: Dynamics, 2004.” Manuscript, July 24.

Beck, Nathaniel. 2001. “Time-Series Cross-Section Data: What Have We Learned in the Last Few Years?” Annual Review of Political Science 4 (June) 271-93.

Beck, Nathaniel; Jonathan Katz. 1995. “What to Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series-Cross-Section Data in Comparative Politics.” American Political Science Review 89:3 (March) 634-47.

Beitz, Charles R. 1989. Political Equality. Princeton: PrincetonUniversity Press.

Besley, Timothy; Robin Burgess. 2000. “Land Reform, Poverty Reduction and Growth: Evidence from India.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 115:2 (May) 389-430.

Bhalla, Surjit S. 1997. “Freedom and Economic Growth: A Virtuous Cycle?” In Axel Hadenius (ed), Democracy’s Victory and Crisis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 195-241.

Bleaney, Michael; Akira Nishiyama. 2002. “Explaining Growth: A Contest between Models.” Journal of Economic Growth 7:1 (March) 43-56.

Blinder, Alan S.; John Morgan. 2005. “Are Two Heads Better Than One? Monetary Policy by Committee.” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 37:5.

Boix, Carles. 2001. “Democracy, Development and the Public Sector.” American Journal of Political Science 45:1.

Boix, Carles; Sebastian Rosato. 2001. “A Complete Data Set of Political Regimes, 1800-1999.” Department of Political Science, University of Chicago.

Boix, Carles; Susan C. Stokes. 2003. “Endogenous Democratization.” World Politics 55:4 (July) 517-49.

Bollen, Kenneth A. 1993. “Liberal Democracy: Validity and Method Factors in Cross-National Measures.” American Journal of Political Science 37:4 (November) 1207-30.

Bollen, Kenneth A. 1993. “Liberal Democracy: Validity and Method Factors in Cross-National Measures.” American Journal of Political Science 37, 1207-30.

Bollen, Kenneth A., Pamela Paxton. 2000. “Subjective Measures of Liberal Democracy.” Comparative Political Studies 33:1 (February) 58-86.

Bollen, Kenneth A.; Pamela Paxton. 2000. “Subjective Measures of Liberal Democracy.” Comparative Political Studies 33:1 (February) 58-86.

Boone, Catherine, Jake Batsell. 2001. “Politics and AIDS in Africa: Research Agendas in Political Science and International Relations.”Africa Today 48.

Bowman, Kirk, Fabrice Lehoucq, James Mahoney. 2004? “Measuring Political Democracy: Case Expertise, Data Adequacy, and Central America.” Comparative Political Studies forthcoming.

Bowman, Kirk; Fabrice Lehoucq; James Mahoney. 2005. “Measuring Political Democracy: Case Expertise, Data Adequacy, and Central America.” Comparative Political Studies 38:8 (October) 939-70.

Broome, John. 2004. Weighing Lives. Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press.

Brown, David S.; Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak. 2004. “The Transforming Power of Democracy: Regime Type and the Distribution of Electricity.”

Brown, David S.; Wendy Hunter. 2004. “Democracy and Human Capital Formation: Education Spending in Latin America, 1980-1997.” Comparative Political Studies (September).

Brown, Michael E; Sean M. Lynn-Jones; Steven E. Miller (eds). 1996. Debating the Democratic Peace. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Buchanan, James M.; Robert Tollison; Gordon Tullock (eds). 1980. Toward a Theory of the Rent-Seeking Society. College Station: TexasA&MUniversity Press.

Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce; Alastair Smith; Randolph M. Siverson; James D. Morrow. 2003. The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Burkhart, Ross E.; Michael Lewis-Beck. 1994. “Comparative Democracy: The Economic Development Thesis.” American Political Science Review 88 (December) 903-10.

Chan, Sylvia. 2002. Liberalism, Democracy and Development. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press.

Chong, Alberto. 2004. “Inequality, Democracy, and Persistence: Is There a Political Kuznets Curve?” Economics and Politics 16:2 (July) 189-212.

Chua, Amy. 2003. World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability. New York: Random House.

Clague, Christopher; Philip Keefer; Stephen Knack; Mancur Olson. 1996. “Property and Contract Rights in Autocracies and Democracies.” Journal of Economic Growth 1:2, 243-76.

Collier, David; Robert Adcock. 1999. “Democracy and Dichotomies: A Pragmatic Approach to Choices about Concepts.” Annual Review of Political Science 2:1 (June) 537-66.

Collier, David; Steven Levitsky. 1997. “Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research.” World Politics 49 (April) 430-51.

Collier, Ruth Berins; David Collier. 1991. Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America. Princeton: PrincetonUniversity Press.

Crozier, Michael J.; Samuel P. Huntington; Joji Watanuki. 1975. The Crisis of Democracy. New York: New YorkUniversity Press.

Dahl, Robert A. 1971. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven: YaleUniversity Press.

Dahl, Robert A. (ed). 1966. Political Oppositions in Western Democracies. New Haven: YaleUniversity Press.

de Janvry, Alain; Gustavo Gordillo; Jean-Philippe Platteau; Elisabeth Sadoulet (eds). 2001. Access to Land, Rural Poverty and Public Action. New York: OxfordUniversity Press.

Deaton, Angus. 2003. “Measuring Poverty in a Growing World (or Measuring Growth in a Poor World).” Research Program in Development Studies, WoodrowWilsonSchool, PrincetonUniversity.

Dixit, Avinash; Gene M. Grossman; Faruk Gul. 2000. “The Dynamics of Political Compromise.” Journal of Political Economy 108:3 (June) 531-68.

Domingues, Jorge I. (ed). 1994. Social Movements in Latin America. New York: Garland.

Dornbusch, Rudiger; Sebastian Edwards (eds.). 1991. The Macroeconomics of Populism in Latin America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Dreze, Jean; Amartya Sen. 1989. Hunger and Public Action. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Duch, Raymond M. 2001. “A Developmental Model of Heterogeneous Economic Voting in New Democracies.” American Political Science Review 95:4 (December) 895-910.

Dunning, Thad. 2005. “Improving Causal Inference: Strengths and Limitations of Natural Experiments.” Ms.

Eckstein, Harry. 1966. Division and Cohesion in Democracy: A Study of Norway. Princeton: PrincetonUniversity Press.

Eckstein, Susan (ed). 1989. Power and Popular Protest: Latin American Social Movements. Durham, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Escobar, Arturo; Sonia Alvarez (eds). 1992. The Making of Social Movements in Latin America. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.

Fearon, James D. 1999. “Electoral Accountability and the Control of Politicians: Selecting Good Types versus Sanctioning Poor Performance.” In Adam Przeworski, Susan Stokes, and Bernard Manin (eds), Democracy, Accountability, and Representation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Fein, Helen. 1995. “More Murder in the Middle: Life-Integrity Violations and Democracy in the World, 1987.” Human Rights Quarterly 17:1, 170-91.

Feng, Yi. 1997. “Democracy, Political Stability and Economic Growth.” British Journal of Political Science 27:3 (July) 391-418.

Feng, Yi. 2003. Democracy, Governance, and Economic Performance: Theory and Evidence. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Ferree, Karen E.; Smita Singh. 2006. “Institutional Duration and Growth in Africa.” Studies in Comparative International Development 40:4 (Winter) 30-54.

Filmer, Deon; Lant Pritchett. 1999. “The Impact of Public Spending on Health: Does Money Matter?” Social Science and Medicine 49:10 (November) 1309-23.

Forbes, Kristin. 2000. “A Reassessment of the Relationship between Inequality and Growth.” American Economic Review 90:4 (September) 869-87.

Fukuyama, Francis. 1992. The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Avon Books.

Gallup, John Luke; Jeffrey D. Sachs. 1999. “Geography and Economic Development.” CID Working Paper No. 1 (March).

Gary King, James Honaker, Anne Joseph and Kenneth Scheve. "Analyzing Incomplete Political Science Data." American Political Science Review 95(1):49-69.

Gauri, Varun. 2005. “Infant Mortality Rates in Forty-Five Countries—Socioeconomic Differences.” Washington, DC: World Bank.

Gauri, Varun, Evan S. Lieberman. 2004. “AIDS and the State: The Politics of Government Responses to the Epidemic in Brazil and South Africa.” Presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago (September).

Gauri, Varun, Peyvand Khaleghian. 2002. “Immunization in Developing Countries: Its Political and Organizational Determinants.” World Development 30:12, 2109-32.

Geddes, Barbara. 1999. “What Do We Know about Democratization after Twenty Years?” Annual Review of Political Science 2, 115-44.

Gerring, John, Philip Bond, William Barndt, Carola Moreno. 2005. “Democracy and Growth: A Historical Perspective.” World Politics 57:3, 323-64.

Gerring, John. 2004. “What is a Case Study and What is it Good For?” American Political Science Review 98:2 (May) 341-54.

Gerring, John. 2007a. “Global Justice as an Empirical Question.” PS: Political Science and Politics 40:1, 67-78.

Gerring, John. 2007b. “Is There a (Viable) Crucial-Case Method?” Comparative Political Studies 40:3 (March) 231-53.

Gerring, John. 2007c. “The Mechanismic Worldview: Thinking Inside the Box.” British Journal of Political Science (forthcoming).

Gerring, John. 200?. Global Justice: A Prioritarian Manifesto. Forthcoming.

Gerring, John; Paul A. Barresi. 2003. “Putting Ordinary Language to Work: A Min-Max Strategy of Concept Formation in the Social Sciences.” Journal of Theoretical Politics 15:2 (April) 201-32.

Gerring, John; Philip Bond; William Barndt; Carola Moreno. 2005. “Democracy and Growth: A Historical Perspective.” World Politics 57 (Spring) 323-64.

Gerring, John; Strom Thacker. 2004. “Political Institutions and Corruption: The Role of Unitarism and Parliamentarism.” British Journal of Political Science 34:2 (April) 295-330.

Gerring, John; Strom Thacker; Carola Moreno. 2005. “Centripetal Democratic Governance: A Theory and Global Inquiry,” American Political Science Review 99:4 (November) 567-81.

Ghobarah, Hazem Adam, Paul Huth, Bruce Russett. 2004. “Comparative Public Health: The Political Economy of Human Misery and Well-Being.” International Studies Quarterly 48, 73-94.

Gifford, Prosser; William Roger Louis (eds). 1982. The Transfer of Power in Africa: Decolonization, 1940-1960. New Haven: YaleUniversity Press.

Gleditsch, Kristian S.; Michael D. Ward. 1997. “Double Take: A Re-examination of Democracy and Autocracy in Modern Polities.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 41 (June) 361-83.

Gradstein, Mark; Branko Milanovic. 2000. “Does Liberte=Egalite? A Survey of the Empirical Links Between Democracy and Inequality with some Evidence on the Transition Economies.” CESifo Working Paper Series No. 261.

Graham, George J., Jr. 1984. “Consensus.” In Giovanni Sartori (ed), Social Science Concepts: A Systematic Analysis (Beverly Hills: Sage) 89-104.

Guiso, Luigi; Paola Sapienza; Luigi Zingales. 2004. “The Role of Social Capital in Financial Development.” American Economic Review 94:3, 526-556.

Gwatkin, Davidson, Adam Wagstaff and Abdo S. Yazbeck, eds. 2005. Reaching the Poor with Health, Nutrition, and Population Services: What Works, What Doesn’t, and Why. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Haggard, Stephan. 1990. Pathways from the Periphery: The Politics of Growth in the Newly Industriliazing Countries. Ithaca: CornellUniversity Press.

Haggard, Stephan. 1991. “Inflation and Stabiliztion,” in Gerald M. Meier, ed., Politics and Policy Making in Developing Countries: Perspectives on the New Political Economy, 233-49. San Francisco: ICS Press.

Haggard, Stephan; Robert R. Kaufman. 1995. The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions. Princeton: PrincetonUniversity Press.

Hall, Peter A. 1993. “Policy Paradigms, Social Learning, and the State.” Comparative Politics 25 (April) 275-96.

Halperin, Morton H.; Joseph T. Siegle; Michael M. Weinstein. 2004. The Democracy Advantage: How Democracies Promote Prosperity and Peace. New York: Routledge.

Hardin, Russell. 1999. Liberalism, Constitutionalism, and Democracy. Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press.

Heckman, James J.; Hidehiko Ichimura; Jeffrey Smith; Petra Todd. 1998. “Characterizing Selection Bias Using Experimental Data.” Econometrica 66, 1017-98.

Heclo, Hugh. 1974. Modern Social Policies in Britain and Sweden: From Relief to Income Maintenance. New Haven: YaleUniversity Press.

Helliwell, John. 1994. “Empirical Linkages Between Democracy and Economic Growth.” British Journal of Political Science 24, 225-48.

Hicks, Norman, Paul Streeten. 1979. “Indicators of Development: The Search for a Basic Needs Yardstick.” World Development 7 (June) 567-80.

Hill, Kenneth, Rohine Pande, Mary Mahy and Gareth Jones. Trends in Child Mortality in the Developing World: 1960-1996. New York: UNICEF.

Hippler, Jochen (ed). 1995. The Democratization of Disempowerment: The Problem of Democracy in the Third World. London: Pluto Press.

Hite, Katherine; Paola Cesarini (eds.). 2004. Authoritarian Legacies and Democracy in Latin America and Southern Europe. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press.

Honaker, James; Anne Joseph; Gary King; Kenneth Scheve; Naunihal Singh. 2001. “AMELIA: A Program for Missing Data (Windows version).” Cambridge, MA: HarvardUniversity.

Horowitz, Irving Louis. 1962. “Consensus, Conflict, and Cooperation: A Sociological Inventory.” Social Forces41:2 (December) 177-88.

Howard, Marc Morjé. 2003. The Weakness of Civil Society in Post-Communist Europe. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press.

Huntington, Samuel P. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: YaleUniversity Press.

Jackman, Robert W. 1993. Power without Force: The Political Capacity of Nation-States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Jens-Hesse, Joachim (ed.). 1993. Administrative Transformation in Central and Eastern Europe. London: Blackwell.

Jones, Charles I. 1995. “Time Series Tests of Endogenous Growth Models.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 110:2 (May) 495-525.

Kanbur, Ravi, Lyn Squire. 1999. “The Evolution of Thinking about Poverty: Exploring the Interactions.” Department of Agricultural, Resource, and Managerial Economics Paper 99-24, CornellUniversity.

Kane, Penny. 1989. “Famine in China 1959-61.” In Lado Ruzicka, Guillaume Wunsch, and Penny Kane (eds), Differential Mortality: Methodological Issues and Biosocial Factors (Oxford: Clarendon Press).

Kapstein, Ethan. 2007. The Political Economy of Young Democracies. Washington: Center for Global Development.

Keefer, Philip. 2003. “Democratization and Clientelism: Why are Young Democracies Badly Governed?” Presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia (August).

Keefer, Philip; Stephen Knack. 1997. “Why Don’t Poor Countries Catch Up? A Cross-National Test of an Institutional Explanation.” Economic Inquiry 35, 590-602.

Keefer, Philip; Stuti Khemani. 2005. “Democracy, Public Expenditures, and the Poor: Understanding Political Incentives for Providing Public Services.” World Bank Research Observer 20:1 (Spring) 1-27.

Keman, Hans (ed). 1997. Politics of Problem-Solving in Postwar Democracies: Institutionalizing Conflict and Consensus. Palgrave.

Khan, Mushtaq H. 2005. “Markets, States and Democracy: Patron-client Networks and the Case for Democracy in Developing Countries.” Democratization 12:5 (December) 704-24.

King, Gary, Langche Zeng. 2001. “Research Note: Improving Forecasts of State Failure.” World Politics 53 (July) 623-58.

Knack, Stephen; Philip Keefer. 1997. “Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff?: A Cross-Country Investigation.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 112, 1251-88.

Kohli, Atul. 2004. State-Directed Development: Political Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press.

Krieckhaus, Jonathan. 2004. “The Regime Debate Revisited: A Sensitivity Analysis of Democracy’s Effects.” British Journal of Political Science 34:4 (October) 635-55.

Kurzman, Charles K.; Regina W. Werum; Ross E. Burkhart. 2002. “Democracy’s Effect on Economic Growth: A Pooled Time-Series Analysis, 1951-1980.” Studies in Comparative International Development 37:1 (January) 3-33.

La Porta, Rafael; Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes; Andrei Shleifer; Robert W. Vishny. 1999. “The Quality of Government.” Journal of Economics, Law and Organization 15:1 (March) 222-79.

Lake, David A., Matthew A. Baum. 2001. “The Invisible Hand of Democracy: Political Control and the Provision of Public Services.” Comparative Political Studies 34:6 (August) 587-621.

Lange, Matthew; Dietrich Rueschemeyer (eds). 2005. States and Development: Historical Antecedents of Stagnation and Advance. London: Palgrave/Macmillan.

Leblang, David A. 1997. “Political Democracy and Economic Growth: Pooled Cross-Sectional and Time-Series Evidence.” British Journal of Political Science 27:3 (July) 453-72.

Leftwich, Adrian (ed). 1996. Democracy and Development. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Leftwich, Adrian. 2005. “Democracy and Development: Is there Institutional Incompatibility?” Democratization 12:5 (December) 686-703.

Lenski, Gerhard. 1966. Power and Privilege: A Theory of Social Stratification. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.