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The Nervous System

Central nervous system:

·  Communication and coordination system of the body

·  ______

·  Consists of ______

Neuron

·  ______

·  Neuron function: ______

Dendrites

·  Nerve cell processes that ______

·  ______

Axon

·  ______

·  ______

Neurilemma (Myelin Sheath)

·  Covering that speeds up the nerve impulse along the axon

·  ______

·  Synapse - ______

Nerve Impulse

·  A stimulus creates an impulse → ______

______

Different Neurons

·  Sensory Neurons (afferent) -______

______

·  Motor Neurons (efferent) - ______

______

·  Associative Neurons (interneurons) - ______

______

Divisions of the Nervous System

·  Central Nervous System - ______

·  Peripheral Nervous System - ______

·  Autonomic Nervous System - ______

______

The Brain (Central Nervous System)

·  Three pound mass of soft nervous tissue

·  100 billion neurons

·  ______

______

·  Adequate blood supply is needed; ______

______

·  Divided into 4 major parts: ______

Coverings of the brain (meninges)

·  Dura mater - ______

______

·  Arachnoid - ______

·  Pia mater - ______

______

Subarachnoid space

·  Between arachnoid and pia mater. ______

______

______

Ventricles of the brain

·  The brain contains four cavities, called cerebral ventricles, filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

·  ______

·  Third ventricle - ______

·  Fourth ventricle - ______

______

Choroid pexus

·  ______

______

Cerebrospinal fluid

·  Forms inside ventricles of the brain

·  ______

______

·  Blood brain barrier - ______

______

______

Lumbar puncture

·  ______

Cerebrum

·  Largest part of the brain

·  Divided into right and left hemispheres by a deep groove (longitudinal fissure).

·  Convulsions - ______

______

·  Sulci - ______

·  Divided into four lobes: ______

·  Cerebral function - ______

______

Diencephalon

·  Located between cerebrum and midbrain

·  Composed of thalamus and hypothalamus

·  Vital functions of the hypothalamus:

o  ______

o  ______

o  ______

o  ______

o  ______

Cerebellum

·  Located behind the pons and below the cerebrum

·  Composed of two hemispheres

·  Controls all body functions related to skeletal muscles, including:

o  ______

o  ______

o  ______

Brain stem

·  Made up of ______

·  Pathway for ascending and descending tracts

·  Pons – in front of cerebellum, between midbrain and medulla, ______

______

·  Midbrain - ______

·  Medulla oblongata – bulb shaped structure between pons and spinal cord, inside the cranium above foramen magnum. Responsible for:

o  ______

o  ______

Spinal cord

·  Begins at foramen magnum and continues down to 2nd lumbar vertebrae

·  White and soft, in spinal canal

·  Surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid

·  Functions as:

o  ______

o  ______