Chemistry Learning Targets 4 -7 Mastery Test Study Guide – Answer Key

Target 4: Solutions and Mixtures

  1. Define: solute The solute is part of the solution present in the lesser amount and dissolved by the solvent.
  2. Give an example of a solute that can be mixed with water. An example of solutes would be kool-aid, salt, sugar, or oxygen.
  3. Define: solvent The solvent would be the part of the solution present in the larger amount and dissolves the solute.
  4. Give an example of a solvent.An example of a solvent would be water, or nitrogen
  5. How do you determine if a mixture is homogenous?A mixture is homogeneous if the particles are so evenly distributed that you can’t see the different parts and it is not easily separated.
  6. How do you determine if a mixture is heterogeneous?A mixture is heterogeneous if you can see the different parts of the mixture and it is easily separated out.

Target 5: Elements and Compounds

  1. Tell the difference between an element and a compound.An element is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom and it cannot be broken down into any other substance by physical or chemical means. A compound is a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio.
  2. What is a symbol? Give an Example.A chemical symbol is used to represent an element. The symbol is single capital letter or a combination of a capital letter with one lower case letter. Examples of chemical symbols are: H – Hydrogen, He – Helium
  3. What is a formula? Give an Example.A formula represents a compound. The formula is made up of at least two or more chemical symbols in a set ratio. Examples of a chemical formula would be: H2O, CO2 and NH4
  4. Calculate the number of atoms of each element in a molecule/compound.

H2O - 3 Atoms CO2 - 3 atoms C6H12O6 - 24 atoms

Target 6: Atomic Theory

  1. List the subatomic particles of an atom. – Protons, Electrons and Neutrons
  2. Explain the charges associated with each subatomic particle. Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus of the atom, Neutrons have no charge and are located in the nucleus of the atom, and electrons have a negative and are located orbiting the nucleus.
  3. Draw and label a Carbon atom. (Label the subatomic particles)
  1. How do you determine the atomic mass?The atomic mass is determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons together.
  2. What subatomic particle makes up the atomic number?The subatomic particle that makes up the atomic number is the proton.