Respiratory Lab #2 and 3
Station 1: Function of Respiratory Muscles
- Define quiet and forced inspiration and expiration.
______
- Using the list below, match the respiratory muscles to their function:
Scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, internal and external intercostals, abdominals, pectoralis minor, diaphragm
______a) elevates 3rd, 4th & 5th ribs
______b) elevates the sternum
______c) depresses ribs
______d) compress abdominal contents & increases abdominal pressure
______e) elevates 1st & 2nd ribs
______f) elevates ribs
______g) main inspiratory muscle
______h) 2 muscles used in forced expiration
______
Station 2: Lung volumes & Capacities
- Indicate whether the volume or pressure increases or decreases during inspiration & expiration:
Volume or Pressure / Inspiration / Expiration
Thoracic volume
Intrapleural pressure
Lung volume
Alveolar (intrapulmonary) pressure
2. Using list below, match lung volumes & capacities with the appropriate definition or equation:
Total lung capacity. Residual volume, inspiratory capacity, expiratory reserve volume, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume
______a) the volume of air inhaled and exhaled per breath
______b) = RV + ERV
______c) = TV + IRV + ERV
______d) volume of air remaining in lungs after normal expiration
______e) maximum amt of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration
______f) maximum amt of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration
______g) = VC + RV
______h) volume of air that can be exhaled in 1 sec with maximal effort following a maximal inhalation
Station 3Label the following diagrams
Hint for the diagrams –Look the “airway” presentation on your course (a and P) web page under “extras”
Station 4
Do the two chart exercises attached. Look at the differences between inspiration and expiration. What are the driving forces behind these two processes. How would this differ when YOU re ventilating a patient. i.e what is meant by “Positive pressure ventilation”
Station 5
Using the respiratory lab materials
a)Using a clean and disinfected mouthpiece, Measure your tidal volume (Vt) and fill out your Tv on the chart provided. Look at the variety of Vt’s in the class.
Clean the mouthpieces with alcohol once you are done! Let dry
b)What is your FEV? Over what time period is it measured in?
c)Measure resting breath rate and active breath rate. Put it on the chart provided
d)Now, since you know your Tv, and RR (at rest) what is your minute ventilation? How does this change during exercise.
d)What is meant by “ breath control”. When would it be useful?
Try the breath control exercise – please clean well with alcohol after use
Station 6
Fill in the following chart
Station 7 Label the following diagram
Station 8 Checkpoints
B9 Write the correct term next to each description.
/ (a) / Inflammation of the pleura: ______(b) / Excess fluid in the pleural space: ______
(c) / Procedure to remove fluid from the pleural space: ______
(d) / Air in the pleural space: ______
(e) / Collapse of a lung, possibly due to pneumothorax or hemothorax: ______
C1 / /
/
(a) / Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Label the first phase of respiration at (1) on the figure. This process involves transfer of air from your environment to (alveoli? pulmonary capillaries?) in your lungs. Inflow of air rich in (O2? CO2?) is known as ______-halation (inspiration), whereas outflow of air concentrated in (O2? CO2?) is known as ______-halation (expiration).
/
(b) / Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Phase 2 of respiration involves exchange of gases between ______in alveoli and ______in pulmonary capillaries. This process is known as (external? internal?) respiration (or diffusion). Label phase 2 on the figure.
/
(c) / Top of Form
Bottom of Form
After oxygenated blood returns to your heart via your pulmonary (artery? veins?), blood is pumped to your tissues where gas exchange occurs between ______and ______. This process is known as (external? internal?) respiration. Label phase 3 on the figure.
/
(d) / Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Blood high in CO2, then returns to the heart where it passes directly into the pulmonary (artery? vein?) to reach the lungs. Here diffusion of CO2 from pulmonary capillaries to alveoli occurs; this is another effect of (external? internal?) respiration (phase ______). Finally, you exhale this air, a process that is part of (externalrespiration? pulmonary ventilation?) (phase ______).
/
(e) / Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Which process takes place within tissue cells, utilizing O2 and producing CO2 as a waste product? (Cellular? Internal?) respiration.
Checkpoint 2
(a) / In diagram (a), just before the start of inspiration, pressure within the lungs (called ______) is ______mm Hg. This is (more than? less than? the same as?) atmospheric pressure at sea level.(b) / At the same time, pressure within the pleural cavity (called ______pressure) is ______mm Hg. This is (more than? less than? the same as?) alveolar and atmospheric pressure at sea level.
(c) / The first step in inhalation occurs as the muscles in the floor and walls of the thorax contract. These are the ______and ______muscles. Note that the size of the thorax (increases? decreases?). Because the two layers of pleura tend to adhere to one another, the lungs will (increase? decrease?) in size also.
(d) / Increase in volume of a closed space such as the pleural cavity causes the pressure there to (increase? decrease?) to ______mm Hg. Because the lungs also increase in size (due to pleural cohesion), alveolar pressure also (increases? decreases?) to ______mm Hg. This inverse relationship between volume and pressure is a statement of ______'s law.
(e) / A pressure gradient is now established. Air flows from high pressure area (alveoli? atmosphere?) to low pressure area (alveoli? atmosphere?). So air flows (into? out of?) lungs. Thus (inhalation? exhalation?) occurs. By the end of inhalation, sufficient air will have moved into the lungs to make pressure there equal to atmospheric pressure, that is, ______mmHg.
(f) / Inhalation is a(n) (active? passive?) process, whereas exhalation is normally a(n) (active? passive?) process resulting from ______recoil. Identify two factors that contribute to this recoil. During exhalation, the diaphragm moves (inf? sup?)-eriorly and the sternum moves (ant? post?)-eriorly.
(g) / During labored breathing, accessory muscles help to force air out. Name two of these sets of muscles.
C8Of the total amount of air that enters the lungs with each breath, about (99%? 70%? 30%? 5%?) actually enters the alveoli. The remaining amount of air is much like the last portion of a crowd trying to rush into a store: it does not succeed in entering the alveoli during an inhalation but just reaches airways and then is quickly ushered out during the next exhalation. Such air is known as anatomic ______and constitutes about ______mL of a typical breath.
C9 / Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Maureen, who weighs 150 pounds, is breathing at the rate of 15 breaths/minute. Her tidal volume is 480 mL/breath. Her minute ventilation is ______mL. Her alveolar ventilation rate is likely to be about ______mL/mm.