Practice Exam 3 10/31/10
1) The site of ovulation in mares.
A) Ovulation Fossa
B) Corpus Luteum
C) Corpus Hemhorrhagicum
D) Graafian Follicle
2) The spermatogenic cycle in the bull lasts
A) 49 days
B) 38 days
C) 61 days
D) 122 days
3) Meiosis in the female is completed:
A) before birth
B) after birth
C) at ovulation
D) after fertilization
4) Endocrine glands:
A) Have ducts
B) Have no ducts
C) Have extracellular effects
D) Aid in food digestion
5) Which of the following is TRUE?
A) non-water soluble hormones bind to receptors on cell membranes
B) water-soluble hormones bind to receptors in the cell nucleus
C) hormones such as steroids and T3 are able to affect nuclear function and gene transcription
D) GH and prolactin cause molecular synthesis by directly acting on mitochondria and activating mRNA synthesis
6) It is possible to be genetically male and phenotypically female.
A) True
B) False
7) Spermatogenesis produces:
A) haploid sperm from haploid spermatogonia
B) diploid sperm from diploid spermatogonia
C) haploid sperm from diploid spermatogonia
D) diploid sperm from haploid spermatogonia
8) Menopause is characterized by all of these except:
A) thinner vaginal walls
B) rising blood cholesterol
C) hot flashes
D) lower risk of osteoporosis
9) The level of this hormone rises sharply just prior to ovulation:
A) FSH
B) LH
C) estrogen
D) progesterone
10) Sperm complete the maturation process and are stored in the:
A) seminiferous tubules
B) epididymis
C) vas deferens
D) rete testis
11) This gland typically releases hormones during times of stress.
A) Vestibular
B) Adrenal
C) Pineal
D) Pituitary
12) Which of the following is a hypothalamic hormone which stimulates certain anterior pituitary cells to produce gonadotropins?
A) GHRH
B) LH
C) FSH
D) GnRH
13) Epinephrine is a type of:
A) Eicosanoids
B) Steroids
C) Catecholamines
D) Iodothyronines
14) Which phase of the uterine cycle ends with a rise in estrogen and ovulation?
A) proliferative phase
B) menstruation
C) secretory phase
D) premenstrual phase
15) The site of fertilization.
A) Ampullary-Isthmic Junction
B) Ovary
C) Uterus
D) Infundibulum
16) LH stimulates the interstitial cells to produce ______.
A) inhibin
B) estrogen
C) androgens
D) progesterone
17) Which of the following is released from the posterior pituitary gland?
A) growth hormone
B) prolactin
C) antidiuretic hormone
D) follicle stimulating hormone
18) The hormone that causes the CL to regress.
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Prostaglandin- F₂α
D) Prolactin
19) Pituitary hypersecretion in adulthood will result in this disease:
A) diabetes mellitus
B) diabetes insipidus
C) myxedema
D) acromegaly
20) This is a hypoglycemic hormone.
A) Epinephrine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Glucagon
D) Insulin
21) A way that the scrotum is kept cool:
A) Cremaster Muscle
B) Dartos Muscle
C) Pampiniform Plexus
D) All of the above
22) Which gland secretes calcitriol thus increasing blood calcium levels?
A) pineal gland
B) parathyroid gland
C) thyroid gland
D) adrenal gland
23) A group of hormones that decreases viscosity of mucus
A) prostaglandins
B) androgens
C) estrogens
D) glucocorticoids
24) Which of the species is incorrectly matched with respect to reproductive functions?
A) cow and ewe: sperm deposition occurs in the vagina
B) ram and stallion: produce gel fraction in ejaculate
C) mare and sow: sperm deposition occurs in the cervix/uterus
D) boar and bull: have the shortest and longest spermatogenic cycles, respectively
25) The two-cell theory includes all of the following concepts EXCEPT
A) granulosa cells have high levels of FSH receptors
B) theca interna cells produce testosterone
C) LH allows conversion of testosterone to estrogen
D) granulosa cells have testosterone receptors
26) Which is true of type I diabetes mellitus?
A) make cardiovascular problems less likely
B) due to an autoimmune response
C) can often be controlled by diet and exercise alone
D) usually appears first when a person is older
E) never causes blindness
27) Upon undergoing spermiogenesis, which duct do spermatozoa enter first?
A) rete testis
B) efferent ductules
C) caput epididymis
D) seminiferous tubules
28) The most correct route for the sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the outside is:
A) epididymis > ductus deferens > ejaculatory duct > ampulla > urethra
B) epididymis > ductus deferens > ampulla > ejaculatory duct > urethra
C) ductus deferens > epididymis > ampulla > ejaculatory duct > urethra
D) ductus deferens > epididymis > urethra > ampulla > ejaculatory duct
E) ejaculatory duct > ductus deferens > epididymis > ampulla > urethra
29) Mares differ from other domestic species in that they
A) ovulate a secondary oocyte
B) process a suburethral diverticulum
C) ovulate from the ovulation fossa of their inverted cortex
D) all of the above
30) Which of the following is not an important pathway of control between endocrine glands?
A) pituitary-gonadal axis
B) pituitary-thyroid axis
C) pituitary-adrenal axis
D) pituitary-pineal axis
31) An increase in triiodothyronine concentrations would have all of the following effects except:
A) increasing sodium/potassium pump activity
B) rise in oxygen consumption
C) greater heat production
D) more mitochondrial enzymes produced
E) enhanced thyroid stimulating hormone production
32) Spermiogenesis produces:
A) immature sperm
B) viable sperm
C) spermatids
D) spermatozoa
33) Pheromone detection by the male is accomplished with the involvement of what structure?
A) vestibular glands
B) vomeronasal organ
C) filliform appendage
D) chondral fossa
34) The best way to study for an AnS 214 Exam:
A) Read the lecture notes
B) Cram the night before
C) Read the entirety of every chapter
D) Studying is for squares
Essay Topics
Below are sample essay questions. For each, draft the response you would provide on an actual exam. Use key words and topic sentences to make an outline of a potential essay. Make sure to draw any diagrams required. Note: Most of these questions can most easily be answered with a schematic representation accompanied by brief descriptions of the drawn elements. In other words: if it helps – DRAW A PICTURE.
Endocrine System
1) Trace the events involved in the synthesis, release and hormonal action of T3 and T4. Include a brief discussion of secretory disorders involved with these hormones.
2) Describe the effects of GH on the body, the feedback mechanisms involved with its production, and any associated disorders.
3) Explain the body's regulation of blood sugar levels. Develop into a discussion of type I and II diabetes mellitus.
4) Describe the effects of acute and chronic stress on the body and the hormones involved.
Reproductive System.
1) Describe the process of sex differentiation in mammals. Include homologous structures between males and females and what they initially develop from.
2) Outline the hormonal controls involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle, beginning with attainment of puberty. Note hormone origins (production stimuli), production sites and target cells as well as tissue effects and feedback systems.
3) Describe the processes associated with the ovarian cycle. Make sure to include hormones, feedback cycles, and changes in the follicle.
4) Describe the hormones and feedback systems involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis (blood-testis axis) and compare this to the two-cell theory in females.