Submission Form for Phytosanitary Treatments

Name of Country/RPPO: Philippines

SUBMISSION FORM FOR PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENTS

Submission number:2009-TPPT-109(Secretariat use only)

Complete the following form, preferably in electronic format, and submit by e-mail to the IPPC Secretariat () no later than 15 October 2009. Please use one form per phytosanitary treatment. An electronic version of this form is available at: Incomplete submissions will be returned.Please save the completed submission form with the following file name: COUNTRY or RPPO NAME –Title of treatment.doc, prior to submitting to the IPPC Secretariat via e-mail.

(Text in brackets given for explanatory purposes)

Name of treatment / Vapor Heat Treatment for Fresh Papaya var. Solo (Carica papaya)
Submitted by: Bureau of Plant Industry – Plant Quarantine Service
Contact: (Contact information of an individual able to clarify issues relating to this submission, including sources of efficacy data)
Name: Dr. Larry R. Lacson or Ms. Sophia Taburnal......
Position and organization: Chief, Plant Quarantine Service......
Mailing address: Bureau of Plant Industry – Plant Quarantine Service No. 692 San Andres St., Malate manila Philippines
......
Phone: (+0632) 4040409/5239132/5242812...... Fax: (+0632) 4040409/5242812......
E-mail: ......

Treatment description

Active ingredient / Not applicable
Treatment type / Vapor Heat Treatment
Target pest / Fruit flies (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel)
Target regulated articles / Fresh papaya var.”solo”
Treatment schedule / 46° C innermost fruit pulp temperature, hold for 70 minutes
Other relevant information / The protocol requires to raise the chamber temperature above 47°C within 3 hours.
(pre-conditioning).
Raise up the fruit temperature to 46° C or above , with relative humidity of above 90%. (Approach).
Keep the fruit temperature above 46° C for 70 minutes (holding time). Relative humidity still above 90%.
Air cool until fruit temperature is 43°C. (Cooling)
No shower was recommended.
Per results, VHT does not significantly affect the acceptability of solo papaya.
References / Confirmatory test of vapour Heat Treatment on “solo papaya’ against Oriental fruitfly ( Dacus dorsalis Hendel) , a joint confirmatory test between MAFF Japanese Plant Quarantine Experts and the Bureau of Plant Industry ,Plant Quarantine Service Research Team , May 1993.
Confirmatory test of vapour Heat treatment on mango and papaya fruits against Oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis Hendel) , a joint experimentation test of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Plant quarantine Service (Republic of the Philippines) and the National Plant quarantine Service (Republic of Korea), May 1998.
See attached pages for Literature cited (pp 35-37)

The following form must be completed in accordance with ISPM No. 28 (Phytosanitary treatments for regulated pests), available at: Copies of all relevant supporting information and publications should be supplied with the treatment submission, preferably in PDF format for ease of subsequent distribution.

The following refers to the relevant sections of ISPM No. 28 and are numbered accordingly.

3.2Efficacy data in support of the submission of a phytosanitary treatment
The source of all efficacy data (published or unpublished) should be provided in the submission. Supporting data should be presented clearly and systematically.
3.2.1Efficacy data under laboratory/controlled conditions (Treatments may be considered without efficacy data under laboratory/controlled conditions if sufficient efficacy data is available from the operational application of the treatment (section 3.2.2) and if no data under laboratory/controlled conditions exists this section may be left blank.)
Pest information
Identity of the pest to the appropriate level, life stage, and if a laboratory or field strain was used
Conditions under which the pests are cultured, reared or grown
Biological traits of the pest relevant to the treatment
Method of natural or artificial infestation
Determination of most resistant species/life stage (in the regulated article where appropriate)
.
Regulated article information
Type of regulated article and intended use
Botanical name for plant or plant product (where applicable) :
Conditions of the plant or plant product
Experimental parameters
Level of confidence of laboratory tests provided by the method of statistical analysis and the data supporting that calculation
Experimental facilities and equipment
Experimental design
Experimental conditions
Monitoring of critical parameters
Methodology to measure the effectiveness of the treatment
Determination of efficacy over a range of critical parameters, where appropriate
Methodology to measure phytotoxicity, when appropriate
Dosimetry system, calibration and accuracy of measurements, if using irradiation
3.2.2Efficacy data using operational conditions (historical data, may in some cases substitute for the requested information below)
Pest information
Identity of the pest to the appropriate level, life stage, and if a laboratory or field strain was used
24 hours old eggs of Oriental fruitfly reared in the laboratory were used in the test.
The initial stock were on its 20th generation and introduction of wild bred of flies from naturally infested fruit were introduced every six months .
About 15,000 wild breed pupae were mixed in every cage having approximately 22,000 adult population.
Conditions under which the pests are cultured, reared or grown
Adult flies were reared under normal room temperature of about 25 ° C - 27° C and a relative humidity ranging from 50 – 70%.
Housed in a wooden cages of about 39x30x30 inches.
Light supplied has twelve lines of 40 wats fluorescent lamps turned on and off accordingly: Lights on – 0800-1600 h, diminishing light from 1600 -1800 h, dark (lights off) 1800-0500 and dusk 0500 to 0600 h.
Diet provided is composed of 5 parts of sugar (powder), 1 part of protein hydrolysate and 1 part of yeast extract.
Wet sponge placed on the top of the cage as the source of water for fruit flies
Biological traits of the pest relevant to the treatment
Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (mango fly) -Developmental stage : egg (1-2 days); larvae (5 -7 days); pupae (10 days) and adult (30 days/1 MOS)
Method of natural or artificial infestation
Test fruits were inoculated using the triangular window method wherein a 2x3cmx5mm deep cut on the peel surface, exposing the fruit pulp. 300 fruit fly eggs were placed in a 1x1 square inch organza cloth were impregnated into the fruit, leaving a small triangular cut on the corner of the cut to give way to internal fruit aeration.
Determination of most resistant species/life stage (in the regulated article where appropriate)
Results of the previous experiments were used as basis for this confirmatory test.
Regulated article information
Type of regulated article and intended use
Papaya for export (consumption ) to other countries like Japan , Korea and New Zealand
Botanical name for plant or plant product (where applicable)
Papaya (Carica papaya ) variety “solo”
Conditions of the plant or plant product
Maturity of the test fruits ranges from matured green to color break.
Sizes varies from small to extra large where:
Small – 300-399 grams
Medium – 400-499 grams
Large - 500-599 grams
Extra large - 600-699 grams
Experimental parameters
Level of confidence of laboratory tests provided by the method of statistical analysis and the data supporting that calculation
100% mortality was attained in this experiment.
Experimental facilities and equipment
VHT commercial treatment facility with load capacity of 12 mt, Constant temperature water bath (Yamato Model BK-43);Standard mercury glass thermometer (calibrated); fruit and temperature sensors, Biotron,, thermo hygrometer(self recording), stereo microscopes; blender, mixer, continous injector; tally counter; pipettes; hot plate; pH meter; digital refractometer; digital weighing scale; analytical scale; firmess tester; syringe, laboratory well equipped with light and air-con units; rearing lab. (Plant Quarantine Diagnostic Lab. At South Port of Manila), illuminating loupe; knife, rearing shelve (chrome) etc.
Experimental design
N/A
Experimental conditions
Fruit pulp temperature of 46° C , holding time of 70 minutes, relative humidity of above 90% during the approach time until holding time; 43°C fruit temperature during cooling period without shower.
Fruit load is more than half of the maximum capacity of the chamber about 6 metric tons.
Monitoring of critical parameters
Check of the insect mortality on the subject conditions and
Fruit quality in terms of external appearance at TRS, pulp , flavour, texture , odor and hedonic rating (over all acceptability)
Methodology to measure the effectiveness of the treatment
Treated fruits were wrapped individually with cloth bag.
Treated fruits were stored separately into the crates with another organza cloth to prevent reinfestation.
After 5 days , each treated fruit and untreated were cut open to check presence of live larvae and were counted.
Determination of efficacy over a range of critical parameters, where appropriate
N/A
Methodology to measure phytotoxicity, when appropriate
N/A
Dosimetry system, calibration and accuracy of measurements, if using irradiation
Temperature probes were subject to calibration prior to their use in conformity with the allowed correction factor of ±0.3° C. Calibration/verification using standard mercury thermometer and a water bath.
Factors that affect the efficacy of the treatment

1. Fruit temperature lower than 46° C.
2. Low relative humidity
3. Chamber malfunction
4. Use of smaller size sensor fruits as monitoring fruits, in case of mixed size load
5. Non insertion of sensor needle in the sensor fruits
6. Defective temperature probes
7. Non compliance to the requirements of the protocol

Monitoring of critical parameters
The use of temperature probes related to chamber, relative humidity and fruit pulp is one of way of monitoring critical parameters such as temperature and exposure time. This is to ensure that this devices undergo calibration prior to their use.
Ensure that the temperature probes are placed / positioned in the predetermined cold spots.
Special procedures that affect the success of the treatment, if applicable

1. Ensure that all temperature probes relating to fruit pulp temperature, chamber temperature and relative humidity passed sensor test and calibration.
2. Assured quarantine security after treatment.
3. In case of non compliance, particular treatment lot will not be allowed for export.

3.3Feasibility and applicability (Information should be provided where appropriate on the following items)
Procedure for carrying out the phytosanitary treatment
The procedure involved in carrying out Vapor Heat Treatment: Conduct sensor calibration both permanent and portable; chamber testing and thermal mapping test prior to the conduct of commercial treatment. All data should be evaluated and analyzed .Established a sensor location diagram for the permanent sensor as a guide for permanent sensor location during treatment.
The responsible person should be knowledgeable in the operation of VHT machine. Training is necessary for the nature of the work is very technical, especially for trouble shooting. Operators are required to observe proper use of safety gadgets during the operations to avoid accidents
Cost of typical treatment facility and operational running costs if appropriate
Estimated cost of typical treatment facility locally made is US $ 450,000.00 and operational running cost per case for papaya is estimated to be US$ 47.00, for a treatment load of 4tons equivalent to 800 cases.
Commercial relevance, including affordability
VHT has a significant commercial relevance. In the Phils that we started with 3 commercial units in 1989, at present we have 12 commercial facilities certified and operational. Load capacity ranges from 4 tons to 22 metric tonnes , manufactured in Japan and locally made. As per study, return of investment could be attained in a period of six months, especially with a big market like Japan.
Extent to which other NPPOs have approved the treatment as a phytosanitary measure
A joint experiments and confirmatory test was conducted together with NPPOs of our trading partners like Japan, Korea and USA. Australia and New Zealand . Since the treatment was proven effective against fruit flies which are the number one pest of concern, form 1988 to present, Phils had shipped tonnage of mangoes using VHT, with no reported interception at the port of entry. .
Availability of expertise needed to apply the phytosanitary treatment
We have trained quarantine officers/inspectors directly involved in the mango/papaya Pre-clearance program., who handles certification and supervision on the application of the phytosanitary treatments.
Versatility of the phytosanitary treatment
Useful to a wide range of tropical and subtropical fruits with export potentials which are host of fruit flies.
The degree to which the phytosanitary treatment complements other phytosanitary measures
Summary of available information of potential undesirable side-effects
No available information
Applicability of treatment with respect to specific regulated article/pest combinations
Applicable to specific regulated articles, but not to pest combinations.
Technical viability
Vapor Heat treatment is a method of disinfestations eliminating the target pest of concern which are fruit flies. Technically viable, since it offers a good alternative to other unacceptable phytosanitary treatments that cause adverse effects to health and environment, but capable of killing the target pest. Through it, market access is possible for the product to be accepted especially if there pest in question is a quarantine pest.
Phytotoxicity and other effects on the quality of regulated articles, when appropriate
No record of phytotoxicity, since VHT is a chemical free disinfestations method. It uses only saturated vapour. However, hard lump or hardening of the pulp is observed in commercial treatments, but minimal only.
Consideration of the risk of the target organism having or developing resistance to the treatment
Further investigation is necessary.

Send submissions to:

E-mail:Fax: (+39) 06 5705 6347Mail: IPPC Secretariat (AGPP)

(preferred)Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN

Viale delle Terme di Caracalla

00153 Rome, Italy

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