anthony m. leeasian art research
1649 W. Greenleaf Ave. #GW Chicago IL 60626 (773)
NeolithicPottery, Ritual Jades
4800-2000 BCE (Yangshao, Macheng, Banpo (Pottery); Liangzhu, Hongshan cultures (jades, burnished blackware)
Bronze Age Ritual bronze vessels, Ritual and sculptural jade, ivory
Xia ca. 2000-1500 BCE
Shang1700-1027 BCE
Western Zhou1027-771 BCE
Eastern Zhou770-221 BCE
770-476 -- Spring and Autumn 475-221 -- Warring States
Early Dynastic ChinaTomb culture, Buddhism, Cosmopolitanism
Qin221-207 BCE
Western Han206 BCE-9 CE
Xin (Wang Mang interregnum)CE 9-24
Eastern Han25-220 CE
Three Kingdoms 220-280 CE
220-265 – Wei 221-263 – Shu 229-280 -- Wu
Western Jin 265-316 CE
Eastern Jin 317-420 CE
Southern and Northern Dynasties 420-588 CE
Southern Dynasties 420-588
420-478 – Song 479-501 -- Qi
502-556 – Liang 557-588 -- Chen
Northern Dynasties 386-588
386-533 -- Northern Wei 534-549 -- Eastern Wei
535-557 -- Western Wei 550-577 -- Northern Qi
557-588 -- Northern Zhou
Sui 581-617 CE
Tang618-907 CE
Five Dynasties 907-960 CE
907-923 -- Later Liang923-936 -- Later Tang
936-946 -- Later Jin947-950 -- Later Han
951-960 -- Later Zhou
Ten Kingdoms 907-979 CE
Later Dynastic ChinaPorcelain, Export, Luxury Goods
Song960-1279 CE
960-1127 -- Northern Song1127-1279 -- Southern Song
Liao 916-1125 CE
Western Xia 1038-1227 CE
Jin 1115-1234 CE
Yuan1279-1368 CE
Ming 1368-1644 CE
Qing1644-1911 CE
Republic of China (in mainland China) 1911-1949 CE
Republic of China (in Taiwan) 1949- CE
People's Republic of China1949- CE
ArchaicTrue antiquity (Shang, Zhou or Han period bronzes and jade)
ArchaismReproduction of the ancient (e.g. Song dynasty copies of Shang bronzes)
BiRitual disc form with round center hole, jade
Bronze Standard alloy of tin and copper with other metals.
Bronze AgeIn Chinese archaeology, period beginning with first recorded writings, on bronze, bone and bamboo, ca 1500 BCE. Begins with Shang Erlitou period and extends to the Eastern Zhou period corresponding to late bronze age, 221 BCE.
BuddhismBelief system (philosophical, later religious) developed by Siddhartha Gautama, 5th C BCE. By correct thought and actions believers hope to end the cycle of reincarnation. Basic tenet is that all life is suffering, and by recognizing truth we gain enlightenment and the means to end rebirth.
Cloisonné Technique of firing enamels (glass) on metal body, colours separated by wires
CongRitual columnar object with rounded corners, jade
DingTripod vessel, bronze
EarthenwareLow fired pottery, porous (e.g. flower pots, Han – Tang tomb figures)
GuTrumpet mouthed beaker, bronze
JadeNephrite (in Chinese the category also includes agate, chalcedony, sardonyx and many other coloured semi-precious stones). Until late 1700’s all Chinese jade came from Khotan area (West China) sources in pebble to boulder form. After late 1700’s mined in much vaster quantities. Jadeite or Burmese Jade or Jewellery Quality jade is also from this period and later. Jade is not technically carved, rather abraded with corundum powders impregnated on various tools and drills.
JesuitsSociety of Jesus, lay and monastic society founded by Ignatius Loyola in the late Renaissance, emphasizing high degree of scholarship and learning within the parameters of Catholic clericalism. In China, many were invited to the court as artists and scientists primarily, including Matteo Ricci (1552 – 1610) and Giuseppe Castiglione (1688 -1766).
LacquerNatural paint made from the sap of the rhus vernicifera tree. Can be coloured with pigments (e.g. lampblack, cinnabar, gold dust). Successive layers built up over a wood core forms a waterproof seal. Built to a high thickness, it can be carved
LiteratiChinese educated elite, officials/mandarins
MughalPeriod of Islamic rule in India (heirs to the Mongol dynasty of Tamerlane), a style of highly polished and delicate carving of Jade
Neolithic In Chinese archaeology, period of prehistory covering approximately 5000 – 2000 BCE.
PorcelainHigh fired pottery, fully vitreous, thin and strong (e.g. bone china)
QinDynasty founded by Qin Shihuang (King Yong Zheng of Qin) 221 BCE. Unified China and beginning of period of Imperial dynastic rule.
StonewareMedium fired pottery, semi-porous with hard slip or glaze (e.g. diner ware, many Song Ceramics)
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