Wonderland 1
Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources:
(A) "American Experience | Monkey Trial | People & Events." PBS. Web. 11 Oct. 2010. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/monkeytrial/peopleevents/e_trial.html>.
This website game an insight of the effects that the John Scopes trial had in the town of Dayton, Tennessee. Although I did not directly use the information provided in my essay, the information gave me an idea of the effect the trial had on common people of Tennessee, which helped to shape my argument. It definitely changed how I thought of the topic because from this source I realized that the trial gained huge publicity throughout America.
(B) "American Experience | Monkey Trial | People & Events." PBS. Web. 7 Oct. 2010. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/monkeytrial/peopleevents/p_scopes.html>.
This short reading was a short biography about John Scopes. It described how Scopes felt during the trial, and how the trial itself became a “media circus.” The information in this source is reliable because it contains direct quotes from John Scopes himself.
Anti-Evolution League Stand in Dayton. 1925. Photograph. Dayton, Tennessee. Images from the Scopes Trial. Web. 4 Dec. 2010. <http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/SCO_PH12.HTM>.
This source is a picture taken on the street of Dayton, Tennessee during the famous evolution debate. While the trial was taking place a man named T. T. Martin put a stand up with a banner that read “ANTI-EVOLUTION LEAGUE.” This picture helped me to describe the positive criticism during the trial, after Bryan won the case.
Baker, Peter. "Bush Remarks On 'Intelligent Design' Theory Fuel Debate - Washingtonpost.com." Washington Post - Politics, National, World & D.C. Area News and Headlines - Washingtonpost.com. Washington Post. Web. 11 Oct. 2010. <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/02/AR2005080201686.html>.
This article by Peter Baker explains the theory of intelligent design, the controversy of teaching it in schools, and the debate that surrounds the topic. He also incorporated many comments from different politicians, even including former President, George W. Bush. This article changed how I thought about my topic because now I realize that people will do almost anything to have religion be taught in schools in any way shape or form.
Boren, J. D. "The Scopes Monkey Trial: An Interview With Someone Who Was There In 1925." Interview by Mike Gibson. The Scopes Trial, I Was There. 6 May 2003. Web. 4 Dec. 2010. <http://www.therestorationmovement.com/scopestrial.htm>.
This was an interview conducted by a reporter named Mike Gibson, who interviewed J.D. Boren who was present at the Scopes trial in 1925. Boren explained his thoughts on the important people that were present, such as William Bryan and Clarence Darrow. This source is very useful because the information is from someone who actually witnessed the debate, giving me a critical opinion about my topic.
Darwin, Charles. "Introduction." Introduction. The Origin of Species. United Kingdom: John Murray, 1859. 1-3. Print.
This is the introduction to Darwin’s book, On the Origin of Species, which explored the ideas behind the theory of evolution. This was a very useful source because I had a chance to look at the basis of the controversy in the Scopes trial. It was not biased in any way for everything Darwin discussed; he proved it through scientific observations.
"Darwinian Struggle in Ohio." The New York Times 17 Mar. 2002. 2010. Web. 4 Dec. 2010. <http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/17/opinion/darwinian-struggle-in-ohio.html>.
This was an article about the struggle over the teachings of evolution in public schools in Ohio around 2002. It introduced how the theory of intelligent design came about, and its origins. The article explained how the creationists in Ohio, at the time, were fighting for this theory to be taught in public schools rather than the theory of evolution.
Dayton Street Scene. 1925. Photograph. Smithsonian, Washington D.C. Dayton, Tenn. Web. 27 Nov. 2010. <http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/dayton.htm>.
This is a photograph that was taken during 1925 before the Scopes trial. The photograph is basically trying to show how quiet Dayton, Tennessee was before the trial inhibited it. This photograph is very useful because it lets me directly see what was happening before the trial. It also let me see why the trial came to Dayton in the first place; because of Dayton’s desire for publicity.
"Education: The Great Trial." TIME 18 Jan. 1926. Education: The Great Trial - TIME. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,728924-2,00.html>.
This article was about how after the trial, the defending attorney brought Scope’s case to the Supreme Court, to get the Butler Act repealed. However, they failed in trying to convince the court that the Butler Act was unconstitutional. The goal of the article was to pose a question to America during the time, of weather or not the Butler Act in Tennessee was constitutional.
Elsberry, Wesley R. "Anti-Evolution and the Law." AntiEvolution.org | The Critic's Resource on AntiEvolution. 04 Mar. 2001. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. <http://www.antievolution.org/topics/law/>.
This source was a time line of anti-evolutionary laws and bills passed since 1922. It also included court cases that involved the theory of evolution since the Scopes trial. The goal of this website was to show how evolution and the law changed over time. It showed how states changed their own laws after the Scopes trial was over.
Genesis. King James Bible. Print.
This story from the Bible explains the religious belief on how life forms originated on earth. It has many points to how the world was created and how humans and animals came to be on it. This source is useful because it presented to me what the theory of evolution was competing against.
Hutcheson, Ron, and Knight Ridder. "Bush Endorses 'intelligent Design' Contends Theory Should Be Taught with Evolution." The Boston Globe 2 Aug. 2005. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. <http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2005/08/02/bush_endorses_intelligent_design/>.
This source is about the intelligent design theory, and what scientific scholars think of it. It presents a debate within the article, because it displays both sides of the issue, and why each side thinks their right. This source was very useful because both sides of the issue were present, and the authors did not inject their own opinion into the article. It contains valid information, and backs up that information through interviews.
Martin, Evangelist. "The Only Hope." Hell and the High Schools. 1923. 156-65. Hell and the Highschools. Web. 4 Dec. 2010. <http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/hellandhighschool.html>.
This part of the book by Evangelist Martin discusses how evolution is one of the most horrible things out in the world. It uses a vulgar tone, when discussing evolution, and clearly states that whoever believes in such a thought will be doomed for all eternity. This source is useful because it gives you a very different perspective towards evolution than any other source in this bibliography.
(A) Mencken, H. L. "Battle Now Over, Mencken Sees; Genesis Triumphant and Ready for New Jousts." The Baltimore Evening Sun 18 July 1925. Positive Atheism. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. <http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/menck04.htm>.
This source is an article about who succeeded in the trial. It discussed how even though Bryan technically won; the real winner was Darrow, because of the excellent way he presented his ideas. This article showed me that, a lot of people were not happy about the final decision of the debate, because in their eyes, Darrow was the real winner.
(B) Mencken, H. L. "Tennessee in the Frying Pan." The Baltimore Evening Sun 20 July 1925. Positive Atheism. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. <http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/menck04.htm>.
. This source was very useful because it was an actual article written by a popular journalist of the time, H. L. Mencken. It had four different sections divided up and the sections explained the publicity the state received, how the people reacted, and the fate of the state. However, the information was biased because the reporter only supported one side of the debate rather than presenting both sides
Natl. March on Washington. 1925. Photograph. Washington DC. March on Washington: 1925. Shorpy, 17 Feb. 2009. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://www.shorpy.com/node/5572>.
This picture shows about 30,000 KKK members marching in a parade. This fits into my research because it tells me something about what was occurring around the world during the time of the Scopes trial. Just like how the KKK was racist to minorities in the 1920s, Bryan did not want to change the Butler Act.
Rose, Cynthia. American Decades Primary Sources. Vol. 3. Detroit, MI: Thomson/Gale, 2004. Print. 1920-1929.
This source was a book that had a lot of other reference points; to which someone could later on research. It presented the audience with all the documents that were used during the trial itself. None of the information is biased because there is no opinion in it at all. It is a very useful source if someone wanted to see the documents that the Scopes trial originated from.
"Scopes Is Indicted in Tennessee for Teaching Evolution." Editorial. New York Times 25 May 1925. The New York Times - Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. The New York Times, 2010. Web. 5 Oct. 2010. <http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0525.html>.
This was an actual article that was written right before Scopes went on trial. The article quotes different people were present to better get the idea out to the audience that the trial that would soon be happening would indeed be a big one. This source is useful because it showed me the anticipation of the nation as they waited to see what would happen, and who would win in the end.
"Scopes Trial - Day 8." UMKC School of Law. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/day8.htm>.
This source is a written document of what happened on the last day of the trial, when Scopes was convicted guilty. Powerful things were said by both the prosecuting and defending attorneys. This source is by far the most useful source in the entire bibliography because nothing is made up, and the words on the document are words that were actually said by the people present at the trial.
Sernoffsky, Susan. Personal interview. 31 Jan. 2011.
Susan Sernoffsky, who is a district science trainer in Manchester, CT, gave me personal insight into the theory of intelligent design. She herself is a science scholar, and she told me what her thoughts were on the controversy surrounding today about the theory of intelligent design. She also briefly explained to me why she thought the Scopes trial changed American forever. This interview proved to be extremely successful because it gave me a whole new perspective.
Tennessee. Sixty-Forth General Assembly. By Butler, W. F. Barry, L. D. Hill, and Austin Peay. Tennessee, 1925. UMKC School of Law. Web. 04 Nov. 2010. <http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/tennstat.htm>.
This is the Butler Act that was passed in Tennessee in 1925. It was through this act that John Scopes was convicted guilty. This is extremely useful because it provides a basis, to which the whole debate began.
Secondary Sources:
"A Chronology of the Scopes Trial and the Evolution-Creationism Debate." UMKC School of Law. Web. 20 Nov. 2010. <http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/scopeschrono.html>.
This source was an evolution time line which started way back from when the Earth was created, and ended in the 1990s. The time line had no chronological spacing; rather it just showed events in order as they occurred throughout history. This time line was helpful to me because it gave me accurate dates of the events that occurred during the Scopes trial, and led me to conduct more research after finding an interesting topic, to receive more details.
Adams, Noah. "Timeline: Remembering the Scopes Monkey Trial : NPR." NPR : National Public Radio : News & Analysis, World, US, Music & Arts : NPR. Web. 04 Dec. 2010. <http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4723956>.
This source provided a time line of the events before, during and after the Scopes Trial. For each year that it gives, a brief summary is provided, of the significance that it had to the actual trial. The timeline was useful to me because it guided me to the reasons for what led to the debate and what followed, giving me a broader affect of the trial.
Cheek, Jerrie S. "The Roaring Twenties." WebTech Class Page. 2 Sept. 2002. Web. 12 Oct. 2010. <http://webtech.kennesaw.edu/jcheek3/roaring_twenties.htm>.
This website was all about American society in the 20s, and how American culture started to drastically change. Not only that, but many topics/events that directly related to the 20s were displayed on this website, so it was also a reference to conduct other research. This source was very helpful to me because I realized after reading it that the Scopes trial emerged because of the drastic changes in the 20s.
"Dayton, Tenn. - UMKC School of Law - Famous Trials Project." UMKC School of Law. Web. 27 Nov. 2010. <http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/dayton.htm>.
This source explains how drastic of a change Dayton, Tennessee went through when the Scopes trial occurred. Dayton went from a very quiet town to basically a circus. The point of this website was to show how Dayton was transformed and what the effects of the transformation were.
Heilbroner, David. Ten Days That Unexpectedly Changed America: Scopes - The Battle Over America's Soul. 12 Apr. 2006. Television.
This documentary focused on the John Scopes trial, and how the trial divided Americans from the heart and soul, which started to tear the country apart. It went through the actual trial itself and the specific events that occurred along the way. This source was really helpful to me, because it taught me interesting statistics about the trial, and other interesting facts.
"Hot Summer of 1925." Buffalo Gap Historic Village. Web. 04 Dec. 2010. <http://www.buffalogap.com/bgevents/summer.html>.
This source talks about a museum that apparently is opening in remembrance of the Scopes trial. Although, the source does not say it will celebrate a winner in the museum, rather; it will celebrate the trial as a whole as being the most remembered debate. The site also included information that informed the audience on the specifics of the trial.
"Inherit the Wind & the Scopes Monkey Trial." UMKC School of Law. Web. 02 Dec. 2010. <http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/SCO_INHE.HTM>.
This site was a review for the movie Inherit the Wind that was directly based on the Scope’s trial. It included what the movie was about, and how to movie was not historically accurate. This source introduced me to the fact that the trial was such a huge even in history that it inspired a movie to be made.