Bloodvessel(smallartery)bringingbloodtowardstheglomerulusofthenephroninthekidney.
afferentarteriole
FormingthatpartofthenephronjustaftertheloopofHenlethroughwhichtheglomerularfiltrateflowsupwards.Itispermeabletosaltonly.
ascendingtubule
Amembranoussacfilledwithfluid.Inanimalsitservesasareservoirforfluids,e.g.bile,urine.
bladder
Aadouble-walled,cupshapedchamberattheexpandedendofanephron(uriniferoustubule),whichenclosesaglomerulus.
Bowman'scapsule
ThespacebetweenthemembranesformingBowman’scapsule,ofthenephroninthekidney,intowhichthefiltratepasses.
capsularspace
Tubule,inthemedullaofthekidney,intowhichnumerousnephronsdischargetheircontents(urine)fordeliverytothepelvisandhencetothebladderviatheureter.
Waterisreabsorbedhereduringtheformationofurine,whichconcentratestheurine.ThequantityofwaterreabsorbediscontrolledbythehormoneADH.
collectingduct
Coiledortwistedtubulefoundinthenephronofthekidney.Reabsorbshighthresholdsubstancesthathavebeenfilteredfromtheblood.
convolutedtubule
Theoutermostlayerofthekidney.
cortex
FormingthatpartofthenephronjustbeforetheloopofHenlethroughwhichtheglomerularfiltrateflowsdownwards.Permeabletowateronly.
descendingtubule
Excessiveproductionofwatery(dilute)urine.ItiscausedbyinsufficientproductionofADH(vasopressin)bythepituitarygland.
diabetesinsipidus
Theuseofsemi-permeablemembranesinamachineforremovingwasteproducts(urea,uricacid,salts)fromthebloodwhenthekidneysfail.
dialysis
Oneoftwohighlycoiledtubulesinthenephronofthekidney,thisonesituatedfurthestawayfromtheBowman'scapsuleandclosetothecollectingduct.Waterisreabsorbedhereduringtheformationofurine.
distalconvolutedtubule
Anincreaseinproductionofurinebythekidneys,eitherfromincreasedfluidintake,alcohol(inhibitsADHproduction),renaldisease,diabetesinsipidusordiuretictherapy.
diuresis
Adrugthatincreasestheamountofurineproducedbythekidneys.
diuretic
Bloodvessel(smallartery)bringingbloodawayfromtheglomerulusofthenephroninthekidney.
efferentarteriole
Theeliminationofthewasteproductsofmetabolismfromacell,tissueororgan.
excretion
Collectionoforgansorstructuresthatfunctionintheeliminationofthewasteproductsofmetabolism,e.g.contractilevacuole(Amoeba),kidney(partoftheurinarysystem),lungs(partoftherespiratorysystem),etc.
excretorysystem
Processwhichforciblyseparatesparticlesinasolutionbymolecularsize,e.g.inthenephronofthekidney–water,urea,uricacid,glucose,aminoacids,vitaminsandmineralsalts(allsmallmolecules),filterfromglomerulusintocapsularspace.Plasmaproteins(albumen,fibrinogen,prothrombin–alllargemolecules)andbloodcellswillnotpassthrough.
force-filter/pressurefiltration/ultrafiltration
Liquidcontainingdissolvedsubstancesthatpassfromtheglomerulus,inthenephronofthekidney,intoBowman’scapsule.Similartobloodplasmabutwithouttheproteins(albumen,fibrinogen,prothrombin).
glomerularfiltrate
Liquidcontainingdissolvedsubstancesthatpassfromtheglomerulus,inthenephronofthekidney,intoBowman’scapsule.Similartobloodplasmabutwithouttheproteins(albumen,fibrinogen,prothrombin).
glomerularfiltrate
Purifyingofthebloodusingdialysis.
haemodialysis
Chemicalsthatareimportantorareofusetothebodyandshouldnotbelostorexcreted.
highthresholdsubstances
Themaintainingofaconstantinternalenvironment(i.e.concentrationsofwater,salt,turgidity,temperature,etc.)ofacellororganismortheprocessesinvolvedwiththis.Usuallyachievedbydiffusionandtherespiratoryandexcretorysystems.
homeostasis
Oneofapairofexcretoryorgansthatformandextracturine.Alsoinvolvedinosmoregulation.
kidney
Tubuleinthekidney.Isthefunctionalunitofthekidneyi.e.itmakesurine.
nephron
TheU-shapedpartofanephron(uriniferoustubule,renaltubule)connectingtheproximalconvolutedtubuleanddistalconvolutedtubules.Waterisreabsorbedhereduringtheformationofurine.
loopofHenle
Centralpartofkidney(insidethecortex)containingthepyramids.
medulla
Minutefinger-likeprojectionsoncells,e.g.onthecellsoftheproximalconvolutedtubuleofthenephronandonthecellsofthevilliinthesmallintestine.
microvilli(microvillus)
Controllingtheamountofwaterinacellwithinanorganismbyregulatingtheamountsofsaltandwaterpresent.ItisafunctionofthekidneysinhumansandthecontractilevacuoleinAmoeba.
osmoregulation
Oneoftwohighlycoiledtubulesinthenephronofthekidney,thisissituatednearesttoBowman'scapsule.Reabsorptionofsubstancesneededbythebodyoccurshere,i.e.highthresholdsubstances.
proximalconvolutedtubule
Partofthekidneycontainingcollectingducts.
pyramid
Takinginagain,e.g.inthenephronofthekidney-glucose,aminoacids,etc.aretakenbackintothebloodintheproximalconvolutedtubuleafterbeingremovedfromitintheglomerulus.
reabsorption
Oforpertainingorrelatingtothekidney.
renal
Branchoftheaortabringingbloodfromthehearttothekidney.
renalartery
Centralregionofkidneyintowhichurinedrainsfromthecollectingducts.Theurineisbroughtfromhereintheuretertothebladder.
pelvis
Bloodvesselbringingbloodfromthekidneytotheinferiorvenacavatowardstheheart.
renalvein
Anitrogencontainingorganiccompoundexcretedbymostmammals.Formedintheliverfromammonia,asaresultofthebreakdown(deamination)ofexcessaminoacids,andexcretedbythekidneys.
urea
Ductthatbringsurinefromthekidneytothebladder.
ureter
Ductwhichdeliversurinefromthebladdertotheoutside;also,inthemaleitdepositssperminthevagina.
urethra
Groupoforgansconcernedwiththeproductionandexcretionofurine,i.e.kidneys,ureters,bladderandurethra.
urinarysystem
Fluidproducedbythekidneys,storedinthebladder(urinarybladder)anddischargedthroughtheurethra.Fluidcontainswasteproductsofmetabolism,e.g.water,urea,salts,hormones,etc.
urine
Thishormone,producedbythepituitary,encouragesthereabsorptionofwaterinthenephronofthekidney.
vasopressin(ADH)