Supplementary Table 1

Primers used in the Q-PCR and RT-PCR analysis. ‘F’ stands for the forward primer, ‘R’ stands for the reverse primer.

Genes / Sequences (5’→3’) / PCR product(bp) / Reference/sequence accession numbers / Gene Function
PLGF / F:TGTCACCATGCAGCTCCTGAAGAT
R:TATCACCGCACCTTTCTGGCTTCA / 131 / XM_003356751.1 / Endothelial cell growth, proliferation and migration, highly expressed in placenta
KDR / F:GATGCTCGCCTCCCTTTGA
R:AGTTCCTTCTTTCAGTCGCCTACA / 180 / Kaczmarek et al. 2008 / Tyrosine-protein kinase, cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFC and VEGFD, regulating angiogenesis and vascular development
FLT-1 / F:CACCCCGGAAATCTATCAGATC
R:GAGTACGTGAAGCCGCTGTTG / 180 / Kaczmarek et al. 2008 / Tyrosine-protein kinase, cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFB and PLGF, angiopoiesis, endothelial differentiation, abnormal vascularization in flt-1 inactivated mice
ANG-1 / F:TTTGGAAATCCCTCTGGTGAATA
R:CCAGTCCATTAACTCGGTTCTC / 99 / NM_213959.1 / Binds and activated TEK, endothelial cell survival, proliferation, migration, adhesion and cell spreading, blood vessel maturation and stability
ANG-2 / F:CTACACGCTGACCTTTCCTAAC
R:CTGAATAACTGTCCATCCACCTC / 88 / NM_213808.1 / Inhibitory ligand of TEK, disrupts the vascular remodeling ability of ANGPT1. In the presence of VEGF, Ang-2 acts in concert to enhance angiogenesis
TEK / F:CGGCACGAAGTACCTGATATT
R:GGTGAAGAGGTTTCCTCCTATG / 102 / XM_001926034.4 / Endothelial Tyrosine Kinase, cell-surface receptor for ANGPT1, ANGPT2 and ANGPT4, inherited venous malformations are related to the TEK deficiency
VEGF120 / F:ATGCGGATCAAACCTCACCAAG
R:CGGCTTGTCACATTTTTCTTGCC / 117 / Ribeiro et al. 2007 / Cannot bind to heparin sulfate proteoglycans, readily diffusible, promote the division and proliferation of vascular endothelial cell,
VEGF164 / F:GAGGCAAGAAAATCCCTGTGG
R:GTCACATCTGCAAGTACGTTCG / 151 / Ribeiro et al. 2007 / Moderate affinity for heparin, most obviously promoting division and proliferation of vascular endothelial cell
VEGF188 / F:ATGCGGATCAAACCTCACCAAG
R:CCACAGGGAACGCTCCAG / 185 / Ribeiro et al. 2007 / High affinity for heparan sulfate, mostly cell-surface- and extracellular-matrix-associated, promoting capillary angiogenesis, arteriogenesis
GAPDH(Q-PCR) / F:ATTCCACGGCACAGTCAAGG
R:ACATACTCAGCACCAGCATCG / 120 / NM_001206359.1
VEGF / F:CCTGATGCGGTGCGGGGGCT
R:TGGTGGTGGCGGCGGCTATG / VEGF188:510
VEGF164:438
VEGF120:306 / Kaczmarek et al. 2008
GAPDH(RT-PCR) / F:GATGGCCCCTCTGGGAAACTGTG
R:GGACGCCTGCTTCACCACCTTCT / 233 / AF017079