Name:______Date:______
UNIT 3 (Human Development Index / Political Systems / Economics / Infant Mortality)
VOCAB / ESPNHuman Development Index
•The Human Development Index…..abbreviated as HDI……..was developed by the United Nations (UN).
•MahbubulHaq (from Pakistan) and Amarta Sen(from India) were the creators at the UN
•The Human Development Index…..measure the economic and social developments of countries
•Wanted countries to shift from the way they looked at other countries in the terms of money to more in terms of people…… / What does HDI stand for?
Who made the HDI?
What does the HDI measure?
What did the makes of the HDI want?
RANKINGS in HDI based on:
=mean year of school
=expected school years
=life expectancy
=Gross national income per capita / What are the 4 rankings in HDI based on?
How to rank higher:
•Lifespan higher = rank higher
•More education = rank higher
•GDP capita is higher = rank higher
•Fertility rate is lower = rank higher
•Inflation rate is lower = rank higher / What are some ways that countries can rank higher in the HDI?
Limitations
•It does not reflect quality of life
•It does not reflect how secure the country is / What are some of the limitations of the HDI?
Highest ranking countries (HDI)
•Norway
•Australia
•Switzerland
•Denmark
•Netherland
•Germany
•Ireland
•US / Are you surprised about any of the higher ranking countries or do you think they are ranked right? Why or why not?
Lowest ranking countries (HDI)
•Montenegro = lowest score
•Kuwait
•Croatia
•Latvia
•Bahrain
•Hungary
•Portugal
•Chile / What are some of the lowest ranking countries?
Would you want to live in a country with very low HDI? Why or why not?
Political Systems
•The political systems: the setup of how things work in countries (government) / What are political systems?
Government authority
•Autocracy, democracy, oligarchy, anarchy / What are some examples of government authority?
Anarchy
•a situation of confusion and wild behavior in which the people in a country, group, organization are not controlled by rules or laws
•Nobody in charge / What is anarchy?
Autocracy
•a form of government where a country if ruled by a person or group with total power
•One person is in charge
•Auto = 1 / What is autocracy?
Centralized
•to bring things that are in different places together at a single point or place / What does centralized mean?
What is centralized in Palmer, TX?
Communism
•type of economy where all property, including land, factories and companies, is held by the government / What is communism?
Dictator / Dictatorship
•person with complete control of a government
•Citizens often have no rights
•Example: North Korea / What is a dictator?
What happens in a dictatorship?
What is an example of a dictatorship?
Democracy
•Citizens vote to elect their leaders
•Democracy Types: Direct (Sweden) and Representative (USA) / What is a democracy?
Direct Democracy
•is a form of democracy in which people perform on government choices themselves / What is direct democracy?
Representative Democracy
•a variety of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people
•Demo = people / What is representative democracy?
Military Dictatorship
•system of government in which a leader or leaders of a country's armed forces make all national decisions / What is a military dictatorship?
Monarchy
•system of government in which national power is invested in one person, usually a king or queen
•(Modern day)- Leader often shares power with other parts of government
•MONARCHY types: Absolute (Saudi Arabia), Constitutional (England) / What is a monarchy?
What happens in a modern day monarchy?
Constitutional Monarchy
•Monarchs share governmental powers with elected legislatures or serve as ceremonial leaders.
Example: ENGLAND / How is power distributed in a constitutional monarchy?
Absolute Monarchy
•have complete and unlimited power to rule their people
• A monarchy can be like a dictatorship or it can be part of a democracy / What type of power does a absolute monarchy have?
Nation
•a large area of land that is controlled by its own government
•ORa group of people with a common heritage and culture (India, Cherokee, Arab, Jewish) / Nations can be thought of as what 2 things?
Nation-state
•form of government that combines the political and geographic idea of the state with the cultural idea of the nation or country
•EXAMPLES: Japan, Greece, North Korea / What is a nation-state?
What are some examples of Nation-states?
Multi-Nation
•a country with multiple nations (USA, Australia) / Why is the USA an example of a multi-nation?
Oligarchy
•government or control by a small group of people
•Oligarchy type: theocracy (like Iran)
•Can be like a dictatorship
•Oli = few / What is an oligarchy?
What does the prefix “oli” mean?
Socialism
•system of organization or government where all property, industry, and capital is owned by the community, not individuals / What is socialism?
Sovereignty
•power or independence within a region / What is sovereignty?
Is it better to have sovereignty or to be ruled by someone else? Why or why not?
State
•a politically organized body of people usually occupying a definite territory
Totalitarian
•having to do with an oppressive, centralized leadership that does not allow for differing opinions
•Totalitarian example: Cuba
•the government tries to control every part of society- politics, economy, personal lives. / What is an example of a totalitarian government?
If you wrote something that disagreed with the government, what would likely happen in a totalitarian government?
Theocracy
•a form of government in which a country is ruled by religious leaders
• Can exist with other forms of government
•theocracy can co-exist with monarchy but not democracy / What is a theocracy?
It can’t co-exist with what?
Country, State
•The terms ______and _____ are used interchangeably, it is a political entity / What 2 terms are used often to refer to the same type of thing?
Stateless Nation
•an ethnic group which is divided among several countries and which doesn't comprise the majority of the population of any of the countries
•EXAMPLES: Jews pre WW2 and Kurds / What is a stateless nation?
What are some examples of stateless nations?
Part-Nation State
•a nation whose territory may extend beyond the territory of a state and may encompass several states
•EXAMPLES: Hispanic, Arab / What is a Part-nation state?
What are some examples?
Junta
•Those in charge are military members who took over by force / What is a junta?
Republic
•Voters elect all major officials who are responsible to the people. The head of the government is usually a president elected for a specific term. Not every democracy is a ______. / What is a republic?
Unitary System
A unitary system of government gives all key powers to the national or central government. The central government creates state, provincial, or other local governments and gives them limited power / What is a unitary system?
Federal System
•A federal system of government divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments / What is a federal system?
Confederation
•a loose union of independent territories / What is a confederation?
Characteristics that help define a country
•territory, population, freedom from outside control / What are some characteristics that help to define a country?
Policies and Laws
•Government must make and enforce ______and ____ that are binding on all people living within its territory. / What must a government enforce?
Geometric Boundaries
•often follow straight lines and do not account for natural and cultural features / What are geometric boundaries?
Natural Boundaries
•follows physical geographic features such as mountains and rivers. Often more defensible and easy to identity / Name a state (that we have covered so far) that has natural boundaries on some of its border.
Cultural Boundaries
•separates areas with cultural differences such as places with different languages and religions. / What are cultural boundaries?
GDP is Gross Domestic Product
market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) / What does GDP stand for?
List of top GDP countries
/ Name 5 countries that have some of the highest GDP’s.
Are you surprised about any of them?
Life Expectancy
•Life expectancy is what is the average age that people live. / MAKING IT REAL: What do you think was the life expectancy of people in the 1800’s (cowboy days)? Why?
Infant Mortality
•deaths of young children, typically those less than one year of age. It is measured by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births / What does the term infant mortality mean?
Infant Mortality Causes
•The leading causes of infant mortality around the world are birth asphyxia, pneumonia, term birth complications, infections that newborns tend to get, diarrhea, malaria, malnutrition (not enough good food) and measles. / What are some infant mortality causes?
Infant Mortality – (Contributing Factors)
Things that SOMETIMES contributes SLIGHTLY to infant mortality:
- (mother's level of education as in she doesn’t know how to take care of a baby and respond to a baby’s needs or how to get assistance)
- (environmental conditions….no water/food or living in places that are contaminated)
- (political and medical infrastructure……no government in place to help the poor or no hospitals or medical care to help the poor)
•Maternal mortality rate:
39 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
•Infant mortality rate:
total: 4.63 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.97 deaths/1,000 live births
•female: 4.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2015)
country comparison to the world: 180 / Why does sometime a mother’s level of education impact her baby?
Name some environmental conditions that might impact a baby?
If there were no hospitals to help the poor with their babies, what might happen to their babies?
What do you think about the Infant Mortality rate in Cuba?
Decreasing Infant Mortality
•Improving sewers (sanitation), access to clean drinking water, more hospital access, and better food / What are some of the ways we can decrease infant mortality?
If you could do anything, what would you do to help decrease infant mortality?
Country of FOCUS (Cuba)
•Largest City: Havana
•Largest immigration to: US (Florida)
•US History focus: Cuban Missile Crisis (JFK)…..communism…..Bay of Pigs
- Climate:
- Terrain:
- Area:
- Broadcast media:
- Internet USERS:
**** private citizens are prohibited from buying computers or accessing the Internet without special authorization; foreigners may access the Internet in large hotels but are subject to firewalls; some Cubans buy illegal passwords on the black market or take advantage of public outlets to access limited email and the government-controlled "intranet
HISTORY:
The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the European discovery of the island by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru.
Spanish rule eventually provoked an independence movement and occasional rebellions that were harshly suppressed. US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 assisted the Cubans in overthrowing Spanish rule. The Treaty of Paris established Cuban independence from Spain in 1898 and, following three-and-a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba became an independent republic in 1902 after which the island experienced a string of governments mostly dominated by the military and corrupt politicians. Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his authoritarian rule held the subsequent regime together for nearly five decades. He stepped down as president in February 2008 in favor of his younger brother Raul CASTRO. Cuba's communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. / What is the largest city in Cuba?
What is some of the US History focus, you will learn about?
What is the climate like?
STATE OF FOCUS for the UNIT (ARIZONA)
- Borders: New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, and California
- 48th state (statehood on February 14, 1912)
- Desert climate in southern areas and hot summers / dry winters. Due to elevation differences, climate in other areas is varied.
- Grand Canyon
- Ski resorts (Flagstaff, Alpine, and Tucson)
- Pine / fur / Spruce trees
- ¼ (25% of the state) is Indian Reservations
- 6th largest state (by area) 113,998 square miles
- The Barringer Meteorite Crater is in Arizona (known as the Meteor Crater)
- Does not observe Daylight savings time
- Copper mining
- Was home to the Phoenix Indian School
- Navajo Code talkers
- Japanese-American internment camps located here (1942)