Hydrobiologia
Supplementary table and figures
Two threats at once: encounters with predator cues alter host life-history and morphological responses to parasite spores
Wolfgang Engelbrecht, Olivia Hesse, Justyna Wolinska, Christian Laforsch
Corresponding Author: W. Engelbrecht
Department of Biology II, Ludwig–Maximilians–University Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg–Martinsried, Germany
Email: ,
phone: +49 (0)89 2180 74206, fax: +49 (0)89 2180 74204
Table S1: The effects of parasite exposure (‘yes‘ and ‘no‘) and kairomone (‘yes’ and ‘no’) on morphological and life-history traits of Daphnia (two-way ANOVAs); significant values are shown in bold type; df=1.
Dependant variable / Source of variation / F / p / F / p
No. of offspring
(1st clutch) / Kairomone / 0.002 / 0.966 / 1.417 / 0.241
Parasite exposure / 0.016 / 0.899 / 0.593 / 0.446
Kairomone × parasite / 2.203 / 0.146 / 7.974 / 0.007
No. of offspring
(2nd clutch) / Kairomone / 2.763 / 0.105 / 12.567 / 0.001
Parasite exposure / 2.023 / 0.163 / 0.465 / 0.499
Kairomone × parasite / 0.247 / 0.622 / 0.127 / 0.723
No. of offspring
(3rd clutch) / Kairomone / 22.740 / <0.001 / 9.984 / 0.003
Parasite exposure / 2.823 / 0.102 / 0.786 / 0.381
Kairomone × parasite / 13.313 / 0.001 / 0.296 / 0.589
No. of offspring
(4th clutch) / Kairomone / 38.621 / <0.001 / 17.668 / <0.001
Parasite exposure / 0.079 / 0.781 / 1.037 / 0.316
Kairomone × parasite / 0.014 / 0.907 / 4.178 / 0.049
Body length of the mothers
(1st clutch) / Kairomone / 25.909 / <0.001 / 11.095 / 0.002
Parasite exposure / 2.463 / 0.125 / 3.951 / 0.053
Kairomone × parasite / 0.513 / 0.478 / 6.163 / 0.017
Body length of the mothers
(2nd clutch) / Kairomone / 54.587 / <0.001 / 20.098 / <0.001
Parasite exposure / 4.061 / 0.051 / 4.450 / 0.041
Kairomone × parasite / 0.692 / 0.411 / 6.157 / 0.017
Body length of the mothers
(3rd clutch) / Kairomone / 63.7 / <0.001 / 18.2 / <0.001
Parasite exposure / 10.4 / 0.003 / 8.5 / 0.006
Kairomone × parasite / 0.1 / 0.756 / 5.4 / 0.025
Body length of the mothers
(4th clutch) / Kairomone / 41.101 / <0.001 / 16.854 / <0.001
Parasite exposure / 0.253 / 0.618 / 6.600 / 0.015
Kairomone × parasite / 0.195 / 0.662 / 0.180 / 0.674
Relative crest size of the mothers
(1st clutch) / Kairomone / 67.177 / <0.001 / 120.469 / <0.001
Parasite exposure / 0.106 / 0.747 / 0.278 / 0.600
Kairomone × parasite / 0.193 / 0.663 / 0.052 / 0.821
Relative crest size of the mothers
(2nd clutch) / Kairomone / 65.102 / <0.001 / 99.532 / <0.001
Parasite exposure / 0.018 / 0.894 / 1.990 / 0.166
Kairomone × parasite / 0.001 / 0.970 / 1.507 / 0.227
Relative crest size of the mothers
(3rd clutch) / Kairomone / 52.6 / <0.001 / 117.3 / <0.001
Parasite exposure / 0.4 / 0.524 / 0.2 / 0.666
Kairomone × parasite / 0.3 / 0.560 / 1.8 / 0.193
Relative crest size of the mothers
(4th clutch) / Kairomone / 40.285 / <0.001 / 122.034 / <0.001
Parasite exposure / 0.721 / 0.402 / <0.001 / 0.999
Kairomone × parasite / 0.383 / 0.540 / 4.958 / 0.033
Offspring body length (1st clutch) / Kairomone / 0.242 / 0.626 / 0.799 / 0.377
Parasite exposure / 0.122 / 0.729 / 31.674 / <0.001
Kairomone × parasite / 6.447 / 0.016 / 0.001 / 0.977
Offspring body length (2nd clutch) / Kairomone / 25.441 / <0.001 / 24.288 / 0.001
Parasite exposure / 1.503 / 0.228 / 3.867 / 0.056
Kairomone × parasite / 3.322 / 0.077 / 0.945 / 0.337
Offspring body length (3rd clutch) / Kairomone / 48.7 / <0.001 / 20.8 / <0.001
Parasite exposure / 22.5 / <0.001 / 9.7 / 0.004
Kairomone × parasite / 1.9 / 0.174 / 1.6 / 0.211
Offspring body length (4th clutch) / Kairomone / 19.138 / <0.001 / 31.722 / <0.001
Parasite exposure / 31.293 / <0.001 / 2.232 / 0.145
Kairomone × parasite / 4.223 / 0.048 / 0.320 / 0.576
Fig. S1: Number of offspring (±SE) in the corresponding clutch. Top row shows clone A, bottom row shows clone B. Filled triangles show parasite exposed animals, open circles represent non exposed animals.
Fig. S2: Body length (±SE) of the mothers after releasing the corresponding clutch. Top row shows clone A, bottom row shows clone B. Filled triangles show parasite exposed animals, open circles represent non exposed animals.
Fig. S3: Crest size (±SE) of the mothers relative to body length after releasing the corresponding clutch. Top row shows clone A, bottom row shows clone B. Filled triangles show parasite exposed animals, open circles represent non exposed animals.
Fig. S4: Body length (±SE) of offspring in the corresponding clutch. Top row shows clone A, bottom row shows clone B. Filled triangles show parasite exposed animals, open circles represent non exposed animals.