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Most Common Chicago Entries
Instead of parenthetical citations,the Chicago documentation style uses either numbered footnotes or numbered endnotes to cite sources. Footnotes appear at the bottom of the page while endnotes are placed at the end of the paper; both are indented and double spaced. Either form is acceptable, but ask your professor if he or she has a preference. Choose only one, and use it consistently throughout your paper. To create notes in Microsoft Word, go to Insert, click on Reference, and select Footnote, which also includes the Endnote option. In addition, a separate bibliography page is required at the end of the paper. These entries must be alphabetized and inhanging indentation format. They are also single spaced with double spacing between different entries. The proper format for the footnotes, endnotes, and bibliography entries of different sources is given below. For more information, consult the fifteenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style.
1. Introduction, Foreword, or Afterword by Writer other than the Author
Note Format: First name Last name of writer, type of selection to Title of Book, by author’s First name Last name (City, ST of publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year).
Note: 1. James MacGregor Burns, foreword to The Political Science Student Writer’s Manual, by Gregory M. Scott and Stephen M. Garrison (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998).
Bib. Format: Last name, First name of writer. Type of selection. In Title of Book, by author’s First name Last name, page range of selection. City, ST of publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year.
Bibliography: Burns, James MacGregor. Foreword. In The Political Science Student Writer’s Manual, by Gregory M. Scott and Stephen M. Garrison, ix. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998.
2. Book by One Author
Note Format: Author’s First name Last name, Title (City, ST of publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year), page number.
Note: 2. Gail A. Caissy, Early Adolescence: Understanding the 10 to 15 Year Old (Reading, MA: Perseus Books, 1994), 23.
Bib. Format: Author’s Last name, First name. Title. City, ST of publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year.
Bibliography: Caissy, Gail A. Early Adolescence: Understanding the 10 to 15 Year Old. Reading, MA: Perseus Books, 1994.
*If the author appears more than once in the bibliography, use a 3-em dash (——) to avoid repeating the author’s name.
*If the book lacks an author, begin with the title of the work.
*If an editor is listed instead of an author, put the editor’s name in the author’s place and insert a comma and “ed.” after it.
*If the author is an organization, insert its name in the author’s place.
3. Book with Two or Three Authors
Note format: First author’s First name Last name and second author’s First name Last name, Title (City, ST of publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year), page number.
Note: 3. John Ruszkiewicz, Maxine Hairston, and Daniel E. Seward, SF Writer (New York: Longman, 2002), 245.
Bib. Format: First author’s Last name, First name, and second author’s First name Last name. Title. City, ST of publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year.
Bibliography: Ruszkiewicz, John, Maxine Hairston, and Daniel E. Seward. SF Writer. New York: Longman, 2002.
*For a source with two or three authors, list all of their names for both the note and bibliography entries.
4. Book with Four to Ten Authors
Note Format: First author’s First name Last name and others, Title (City, ST of publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year), page number.
Note: 4. Ellen Rhoades Holmes and others, Other Cultures, Elder Years (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1995), 83.
Bib. Format: First author’s Last name, First name, second author’s First name Last name, third author’s First name Last
name,etc.and last author’s First name Last name. Title. City, ST of publication if city is not well
known: Publisher, Year.
Bibliography: Holmes, Ellen Rhoades, Lowell D. Holmes, and Frank A. Sloan. Other Cultures, Elder Years. Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage, 1995.
*Up to ten authors’ names can be listed for a bibliography entry. For works with eleven or more authors, list the first seven followed by “et al.”
5. Selection in an Anthology
Note Format: Author’s First name Last name, “Title of Selection,” in Title of Anthology, ed. editor’sFirst name Last name, page range (City, ST of publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year).
Note: 5.Emily Dickinson, “I Started Early—Took My Dog,” in Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia, 1122 (New York: Longman, 2002).
Bib. Format: Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of Selection.” In Title of Anthology, edited by editor’s First name
Last name, page range. City, ST of publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year.
Bibliography: Dickinson, Emily. “I Started Early—Took My Dog.” In Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry
and Drama, edited by X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia, 1122. New York: Longman, 2002.
6. *To refer to several works from the same anthology, follow the abbreviated examples given below:
Note Format: Author’s First name Last name, “Title of Selection,” in Shortened Title of Anthology (see note #), page range of selection.
* The number (#) must correspond with the number of the note that lists the complete information for the anthology.
Note: 6. John Donne, “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning,” in Literature: An Introduction(see note 5), 1184-1185.
Bib. Format: Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of Selection.” In editor’s Last name, ShortenedTitle of Anthology, page rangeof selection.
Bibliography: Donne, John. “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning.” In Kennedy and Gioia, Literature: An
Introduction, 1184-1185.
7. Single Volume in a Multivolume Work
Note Format: Author’s First Name Last name, Individual Volume Title if provided, vol. number or letter, General Volume Title, (City, ST of publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year), page number.
Note: 7. Betty Schrampfer Azar, vol.2, Practical English: A Complete Self-Correcting Course (Little Falls, NJ: Career Institute, 1984), 12.
Bib. Format: Author’s Last name, First name. Individual Volume Title if provided. Vol. number or letter, General
Volume Title. City, ST of publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year.
Bibliography: Semmelmeyer, Madeline. Vol.2, Practical English: A Complete Self-Correcting Course. Little Falls,
NJ: Career Institute, 1984.
8. Encyclopedia or Dictionary Entry
Note Format: Title of Book, edition if other than first, s.v. “Entry.”
Note: 8. The Oxford American Desk Thesaurus, s.v. “Excellence.”
* “s.v.” stands for “sub verbo,” which is Latin for “under the word.”
*Bibliography entries are not required for reference works.
9. Online Reference Work
Note Format: Title of Work, s.v. “Entry,” (by author’s First name Last name if provided), electronic address (accessed Month Day, year).
Note: 9.Merriam-Webster Online, s.v. “Quality,” (accessed February 9, 2006).
10. Article in a Weekly Magazine
Note Format: Author’s First name Last name, “Title of Article,” Name of Magazine, Month Day,Year, page number.
Note: 10. Barbara Kantrowitz, “What’s Love Got to Do with It? Everything,” Newsweek, June 6, 2005, 51.
Bib. Format: Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of Article.” Name of Magazine, Month Day,Year, page range.
Bibliography: Kantrowitz, Barbara. “What’s Love Got to Do with It? Everything.” Newsweek, June 6, 2005, 51.
11. Article in a Newspaper
Note Format: Author’s First name Last name, “Title of Article,” Name of Newspaper, Month Day, Year, edition if more than one is published, section.
Note: 11. Hans Nichols, “New President Promises Break from Violence,” Laredo Morning Times, January 17, 2006, sec. A.
Bib. Format: Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of Article.” Name of Magazine, Month Day, Year, edition if more
than one is published, section.
Bibliography: Nichols, Hans. “New President Promises Break from Violence.” Laredo Morning Times, January 17,
2006, sec. A.
*Newspapers usually aren’t cited on the bibliography page.
12. Article in a Journal
Note Format: Author’s First name Last name, “Title of Article,” Name of Journal volume number, issue number if provided (Year): page number.
Note: 12. J. S. Blanton, “Why Consultants Don’t Apply Psychological Research,” Consulting Psychological Journal: Practice and Research 52, no. 4 (2000): 243.
Bib. Format: Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of Article.” Name of Journalvolume number, issue number if
provided (Year): page range.
Bibliography: Blanton, J.S. “Why Consultants Don’t Apply Psychological Research.” Consulting Psychological
Journal: Practice and Research 52, no. 4 (2000): 235-247.
13. Secondary Source (An Author Quotes Another Author)
Note Format: Original author’s First name Last name, Title of QuotedSource (City, ST of publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year), page number, quoted in second author’s First name Last name, Title of Second Book (City , ST of publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year), page number.
Note: 13. Trinh T. Minh-ha, When the Moon Waxes Red (New York: Routledge, 1991), 107, quoted in Barnor Hesse, New Ethnicities, Old Racisms (London: Zed Books, 1999), 205.
Bib.Format: Original author’s Last name, First name. Title of QuotedSource, page number. City, ST of publicationif
city is not well known: Publisher, Year. Quoted in second author’s First Name Last Name, Title of
Second Book (City, ST of publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year), page number.
Bibliography: Minh-ha, Trinh T. When the Moon Waxes Red, 107. New York: Routledge, 1991. Quoted in Barnor
Hesse, New Ethnicities, Old Racisms (London: Zed Books, 1999), 205.
*If the original source and/or secondary source is a journal article, adjust the note and bibliography entries by following the format shown in #12.
14. Executive Department Work
Note Format: Author’s First name Last name (if none, insert department, bureau, or agency name), Title (City, ST of publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year), page number.
Note: 14. Andrea Sevetson, Census 2000 Basics (Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002), 46.
Bib. Format: Author’s Last name, First name (if none, insert name of department, bureau, or agency). Title. City, ST of
publication if city is not well known: Publisher, Year.
Bibliography: Sevetson, Andrea. Census 2000 Basics. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002.
15. Public Document Online
Note Format: Author’s First Name Last name (if none, insert department, bureau, or agency name), “Title of Document,” Year of information, electronic address (accessed Month Day, Year)*.
Note: 15. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, “The Affirmative Asylum Procedures Manual,” 2003, (accessed September 27, 2006).
Bib. Format: Author’s Last name,First name (if none, insert organization name). “Title of Document.” Year of
information. Electronic address (accessed Month Day, Year).
Bibliography: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. “The Affirmative Asylum Procedures Manual.” 2003.
September 27, 2006).
*Access dates are recommended for time-sensitive sources.
16. Short Document from a Web Site
Note Format: Author’s First name Last name if provided, “Title of Document,” Name of Site, Sponsor of Site (if given), electronic address.
Note: 16. “Rubens, Peter Paul,” WebMuseum: Baroque, BMW Foundation,
Bib. Format: Author’s Last name, First name if provided. “Title of Article.” Name of Site. Sponsor of Site (if given),
Date of publication (if given). electronic address. (accessed Month Day, Year).
Bibliography: “Rubens, Peter Paul.” WebMuseum:Baroque. BMW Foundation, July 27, 2002.
(accessed February 20, 2006).
*If no author’s name is given, begin both the note and the bibliography entry with the name of the owner of the site if provided. If no owner is evident, then begin with the title of the document.
17. Article from a Database
Note Format: Author’s First name Last name, “Title of Article,”Name of Journalvolume number, issue number if provided (Year): page number, electronic address.
Note: 17. L. C. Paramore, “Impact of Poorly Controlled Hypertension on Healthcare Resource Utilization and Cost,” American Journal of Managed Care 7, no. 4 (2001): 397,
Bib. Format: Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of Article.” Name of Journal volume number, issue number
(Year): page range. electronic address.
Bibliography: Paramore, L. C. “Impact of Poorly Controlled Hypertension on Healthcare Resource Utilization and
Cost.” American Journal of Managed Care 7, no. 4 (2001): 389-398.
18. Unpublished Interview
Note Format: First name Last name of interviewee, interview by First name Last name of interviewer, Month Day, Year of interview, Location of interview.
Note: 18. Dr. Jeffrey Cass, interview by Melissa Reyna, February 10, 2006, in Killam Building, TexasA&MInternationalUniversity, Laredo, TX.
* Interviews are usually not included in the bibliography.
19. DVD/VHS
Note Format: Name of Film, DVD or VHS, directed by director’s First name Last name (Original Year of film if provided; City, ST if city is not well known: Studio, Year).
Note: 19. The Men Who Killed Kennedy: The Truth Shall Make You Free, DVD, directed by Nigel Turner (New York: A&E Television Networks, 1995).
Bib. Format: Name ofFilm. DVD or VHS. Directed by director’s First name Last name. City, ST if city is not well
known: Studio, Year.
Bibliography: The Men Who Killed Kennedy: The Truth Shall Make You Free. DVD. Directed by Nigel Turner.
New York: A&E Television Networks, 1995.
*Scenes should be treated like chapter titles and placed before the film name.
***Extra Pointers on Formatting Notes***
Abbreviated entries
For the first note entry for a work, provide a full reference. For subsequent notes, however, a shortened form can be used.
Note Format: Author’s Last name, Shortened Form of Title, page number.
Note: Rehnquist, The Supreme Court, 203.
Use of “Ibid”
When citing the same source consecutively, use “Ibid.,” in place of the author’s name and the title of the work.
Note: Ibid., 205.
*The page number is not required if it’s the same as that in the previous entry.
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