Key Concepts
- Explain how the sun supplies living things with the energy they need.
- Describe what happens during the process of photosynthesis.
- Describe the events that occur during respiration.
- Tell what fermentation is.
Key Concepts
- ______The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight
and uses it to make food
- ______An organism that makes its own food
- ______An organism that cannot make its own food
- ______Colored chemical compounds that absorb light
- ______The main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts
- ______Small openings in the undersides of leaves where CO2
enters and O2 exits
- ______The process by which cells obtain energy from glucose
- ______An energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen
Introduction
Every living thing needs ______.
All cells need energy to carry out their ______.
- ______
- ______
The ______supplies energy for most living things, directly or indirectly.
Sources of Energy
______- An organism that makes its own food; ex. plants, algae, some
bacteria
______- An organism that cannot make its own food; ex. animals, fungi, some
bacteria
What is Photosynthesis?
The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food
Photo - ______Synthesis - ______
The two stages of photosynthesis are ______and ______.
Stage 1 – Capturing the Sun’s Energy
•In plants, this energy-capturing process occurs mostly in the ______.
•______, containing chlorophyll, capture energy from sunlight.
Stage 2 – Using Energy to Make Food
•The cell uses the captured energy to produce ______.
•______and ______(raw materials) are needed for this stage.
•The raw materials undergo a complex series of chemical reactions producing ______and ______.
Chemical equation for photosynthesis – 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Raw materials - ______and ______
Catalyst - ______
Products - ______and ______
What is Respiration?
The process by which cells obtain energy from ______.
Cells break simple food molecules, such as ______, and release the energy they obtain.
Respiration has two meanings:
- “Breathing” –Moving air in and out of your lungs
- “Cellular Respiration” –Respiration process that takes place inside cells
The connection –______brings oxygen into the body needed for ______to occur.
The two stages of respiration are ______and ______.
Stage 1 – Breaking Down Glucose Molecules
•This first stage takes place in the ______of the organism’s cells.
•Oxygen is not involved in this part of the process and only a small amount of energy is released.
Stage 2 – Making Small Glucose Molecules Smaller
•This second stage takes place in the ______of the organism’s cells.
•______is required in these chemical reactions and a great deal of energy is released.
Chemical equation for respiration – C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy
Raw materials - ______and ______
Catalyst - ______
Products - ______, ______, and ______(______)
What’s the connection between photosynthesis and respiration??
Photosynthesis and respiration are ______.
What is fermentation?
Fermentation is an energy-releasing process that does not require ______.
Some single-celled organisms live where there is no oxygen. The amount of energy released from each sugar molecule is much lower than the amount released during respiration (with oxygen).
The two types of fermentation are ______and ______.
Alcoholic Fermentation
•Yeast and other single-celled organisms break down ______.
•This is often called alcoholic fermentation because alcohol is one of the ______.
•Carbon dioxide and a small amount of energy are also ______.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
•Takes place at times in your body
•______use up oxygen faster than it can be replaced.
•When cells lack ______, fermentation occurs.
•Lactic acid is a product of fermentation within ______.
–painful sensation in your muscles
–muscles feel weak and sore
Photosynthesis and respiration are cell processes that affect the function of the entire organism.
Use the Venn Diagram to compare and contrast the two cell processes.