Chapter 27Prokaryotes
Key Figures
Fig 12.11, 16.2, 27.1, 27.3, 27.10, 27.11, 27.13, 27.22
Table 27.1, 27.2
Vocabulary
Archaea / autotroph / bacilli / bacteriabinary fission / capsule / chemotaxis / chemotroph
cocci / conjugation / decomposer / endospore
endotoxin / eukaryotic / exotoxin / facultative anaerobe
Fixer / halophile / heterotroph / heterotroph
Koch's Postulates / methanogen / nucleoid region / obligate aerobe
obligate anaerobe / oppportunistic / pathogen / peptidoglycan
phototroph / phototroph / pili / prokaryotic
spirochete / thermophile / transduction / transformation
Key Concepts
1)What are the three domains of life? Which of these domains are prokaryotic? Which Domain is more closely related to eukaryotes?
2)What shapes are commonly seen in bacteria? Draw each of these shapes
3)Draw out the process of a Gram stain. What color are Gram positive bacteria after staining? What color are Gram negative bacteria?
4)Draw the cell wall of a Gram negative bacterium and a cell wall of a Gram positive bacterium. How many membranes are on Gram negative bacteria?
5)Draw a bacterial cell, label the plasma membrane, ribosomes, flagella, cell wall, capsule, nucleoid region and pili.
6)What purpose do pili and capsules serve?
7)Define and give an example of positive phototaxis and negative chemotaxis. In terms of body length/second are bacteria faster or slower than a running human? a running cheetah?
8)How does a eukaryotic chromosome differ from most prokaryotic chromosomes? What are plasmids?
9)Diagram the process of binary fission (Fig. 12.11).
10)Diagram the Cooper and Lenski experiment (fig 27.10). Why were the cells in the 20,000th generation better able to grow in a low-glucose medium than cells of the original generation?
11)Compare and contrast transduction, transformation, and conjugation. Diagram each process.
12)What are endospores and why are they dangerous?
13)How may bacteria obtain energy? What is a bacterial species that uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source called?
14)Is oxygen required for all living things? Explain your answer and include a diagram showing the potential growth patterns of bacteria in thioglycolate broth.
15)What is a biofilm and how does it function?
16)What types of extremophiles do we find in the Archaea? What is Picrophilus oshimae’s claim to fame?
17)How do we determine if a bacterium causes a specific disease? Draw out the process.
18)How are Bacteriodes thetaiotamicron beneficial to humans?
19)What is the difference between an exotoxin and an endotoxin?
20)How are prokaryotes used in industry and research?