Unit 2: Ch 3 Ecosystems Name______

Read Ch 3 & answer the following – you may attach additional pages if needed Date______Per______

1.  What are 3 consequences of the rain forests disappearing?

·  ______

·  ______

·  ______

2.  What types of organisms are made of prokaryotic cells? ______

3.  Name the 4 kingdoms of organisms that have eukaryotic cells:

______

4.  Discuss the components of the spheres of life:

Define & discuss components
Troposphere
Stratosphere

5.  Energy (flows one way / cycles) through ecosystems. Energy (can / cannot) be recycled.

6.  Matter (flows one way / cycles) through ecosystems. Matter (can / cannot) be recycled.

7.  ______allows earth to hold onto its atmosphere and causes the downward movement of chemicals.

8.  The sun supports ______, powers the cycling of ______, and drives the ______and ______patterns that distribute heat and fresh water over the earth’s surface.

9.  The amount of energy reaching the earth from the sun equals ______

10.  List the greenhouse gases: ______

11.  Organisms tend to be least tolerant to environmental stress during which part/s of their life? ______

12.  Differentiate between common terrestrial and aquatic limiting factors:

Common terrestrial limiting factors / Common aquatic limiting factors

13.  Organisms that make their own food from chemicals in their environment are called ______or ______They include ______(on land), ______& ______(near shorelines), and ______(in open water).

14.  The overall chemical equation for photosynthesis is:

15.  Identify and describe the process used by the type of producers that do not use sunlight. ______

16.  Plants, animals and decomposers use chemical energy stored in glucose in a process called cellular respiration. The overall chemical equation for cellular respiration is:

17.  Match the organism type to the trophic level/s (may be used more than once):

3rd trophic level: ______A. Autotroph F. Detritivore

2nd trophic level: ______B. Heterotroph G. Producer

1st trophic level: ______C. Herbivore H. Primary consumer

D. Carnivore I. Secondary consumer

E. Omnivore

18.  Using the laws of thermodynamics, explain why food chains rarely have more than five trophic levels? ______

19.  Using the laws of thermodynamics, explain why many poor people in developing countries live on a mostly vegetarian diet. ______

20.  Define:

Gross primary productivity
Net primary productivity

Give an example of a terrestrial / aquatic ecosystem with a high / low net primary productivity per unit area:

Terrestrial / Aquatic
High average net primary productivity per unit area
Low average net primary productivity per unit area

21.  What ecosystem has low net primary productivity (per unit area) but the highest net primary productivity in total? ______

22.  Explain why tropical rain forests are not good farming locations even though they have high net primary productivity. ______

23.  How humans are impacting the hydrologic cycle?

·  ______

·  ______

·  ______

24.  How are humans impacting the carbon cycle?

·  ______

·  ______

25.  Describe & discuss the steps in the nitrogen cycle:

·  Nitrogen fixation - ______

·  Nitrification - ______

·  Assimilation - ______

·  Ammonification - ______

·  Denitrification - ______

26.  How are humans impacting the nitrogen cycle?

·  ______

·  ______

·  ______

·  ______

·  ______

·  ______

27.  What is the major reservoir of phosphorus in the environment? ______How are humans impacting the phosphorus cycle?

·  ______

·  ______

·  ______

28.  Why is phosphate often a limiting factor? ______

29.  What is the major reservoir of sulfur in the environment? ______How are humans impacting the sulfur cycle?

·  ______

·  ______

·  ______

30.  Long term sustainability can be achieved by:

·  ______

·  ______

You should be familiar with the following basic science terms. Be sure to review them before the test:

Ecology

Organism

Population

Community

Cell

Eukaryotic

Nucleus (of a cell)

Species

Microbes

Habitat

Range (distribution)

Ecosystem

Biosphere

Atmosphere

Biomes

Aquatic life zones

Abiotic

Biotic

Biodiversity

Genetic diversity

Species diversity

Ecological diversity

Functional diversity

Food chain

Food web

Nutrient cycles (biogeochemical cycles)

Hydrologic cycle (water cycle)

Evaporation

Transpiration

Condensation

Precipitation

Infiltration

Percolation

Runoff

Condensation nuclei