Realidades 2 Capítulo 2B

Español III

El 6DE

NOVIEMBRE 2014

Remember....

THE MINI- LEZIONIrequired in the home journalevery night

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el Pretérito

El Pretérito Verbos irregulares

1.

Irregular Preterite forms in Spanish

There are a fair number of verbs with irregular conjugation forms in the Preterite. These Irregular forms in the Preterite are said to have "radical" changes, that is, vowel and consonant changes in the root (or stem of the verb.) Furthermore, these changes occur in all of the conjugations (including the nosotros form.) These Irregular preterite changes are NOT for orthographic (spelling) reasons (like the verbs ending in -Car, -Gar and -Zar) nor are the changes in vowels similar to regular stem-changing verbs which affect certain -Ir conjugations in the Preterite. Verbs which have an Irregular Preterite form have their own conjugation - different from the established -Ar, -Er/-IrPreterite conjugation pattern.

All Verbs with grossly irregular changes in the Preterite follow this conjugation:
-Ar, -Er, -Ir Irregular Verbs
Yo / -e
Tú / -iste
Él, ella, usted / -o
Nosotros / -imos
Ellos, ellas, ustedes / -ieron*
* Verbs with a "J" at the end of the stem drop the "i" and just use: -eron

Notice that none of these conjugation endings have accent marks!

Here are some common Irregular verbs in the Preterite:

Yo
/
tú
/
él, ella, usted
/
nosotros
/
ellos, ellas, ustedes
Andar
/ anduve / anduviste / anduvo / anduvimos / anduvieron
Conducir*
/ conduje / condujiste / condujo / condujimos / condujeron
Decir*
/ dije / dijiste / dijo / dijimos / dijeron
Estar
/ estuve / estuviste / estuvo / estuvimos / estuvieron
Hacer
/ hice / hiciste / hizo / hicimos / hicieron
Poner
/ puse / pusiste / puso / pusimos / pusieron
Poder
/ pude / pudiste / pudo / pudimos / pudieron
Querer
/ quise / quisiste / quiso / quisimos / quisieron

Saber

/ supe / supiste / supo / supimos / supieron

Tener

/ tuve / tuviste / tuvo / tuvimos / tuvieron

Traer*

/ traje / trajiste / trajo / trajimos / trajeron

Venir

/ vine / viniste / vino / vinimos / vinieron
Hacer in the third person singular changes out the "c" for a "z" to reflect the correct pronunciation.
Irregulars which use a "J" in the Preterite only add "-eron" (NOT "-ieron") to the third-person plural

Other verbs which are irregular in the Preterite

Dar

/ di / diste / dio / dimos / dieron
Dar is often humorously referred to as the "cross-dressing" verb, because in the Preterite Dar takes on the -Er/-Irpreterite verb endings rather than -Ar verb endings.

Ver

/ vi / viste / vio / vimos / vieron
Verbs with only 2 or 3 letters, such as Dar, Ser, Ir and Ver, also do not wear accent marks in the Preterite.
Remember that Spanish only uses accent marks when required for pronunciation or differentiation.

IrSer

/ fui / fuiste / fue / fuimos / fueron
Notice that Ir and Ser share the same forms in the Preterite. This is not as confusing as it may appear. Since Ser refers to existence and identification, it is nearly impossible to use this in the Preterite which handles only completed actions. This preterite conjugation form will nearly always be Ir (an action verb) rather thanSer (a descriptive verb) which is usually conjugated in the Imperfect Past tense.
Also the context of a sentence or a conversation will let you know which is being used. For example:
  • Fui al supermercado clearly means "I went to the supermarket," not *"I was to the supermarket."

2. Spanish Preterite. Irregular Verbs (I)

After having reviewed the conjugation of the Preterite Tense for Regular Verbs (See Preterite Tense Conjugation - Regular Verbs.), now it is time to learn how irregular Spanish verbs are conjugated in the Preterite.

  1. There are four Spanish verbs that you should memorize; they are irregular in the preterite tense: (Click and listen)

DAR
(TO GIVE) / HACER
(TO MAKE, TO DO) / SER
(TO BE) / IR
(TO GO)
Yo / di
(I gave) / hice
(I made, I did) / fui
(I was) / fui
(I went)
Tu / diste
(You gave) / hiciste
(You made, you did) / fuiste
(you was) / fuiste
(you went)
El / Ella / dio
(he/she gave) / hizo
(he/she made, did) / fue
(he/she was) / fue
(he/she went)
Nosotros / Nosotras / dimos
(we gave) / hicimos
(we made, did) / fuimos
(we were) / fuimos
(we went)
Vosotros / Vosotras / disteis
(you gave) / hicisteis
(you made, did) / fuisteis
(you were) / fuisteis
(you went)
Ellos / Ellas / dieron
(they gave) / hicieron
(they made, did) / fueron
(they were) / fueron
(they went)
DAR conjugation / HACER conjugation / SER conjugation / IR conjugation

Note: Verbs SER and IR have the same conjugation in the Preterite!
Some Examples:
Mis padres nosdieron dos manzanas(My parents gave us two apples)
Les hicevenir(I made them come)
Yofui un buenestudiante(I was a good student)
Ayer fui al mercado (Yesterday I went to the market)

  1. A group of verbs, irregular in the preterite, change their stems when conjugated in this tense, but all of them adopt the same endings:
    (yo) -e
    (tu) -iste
    (el) -o
    (nosotros) -imos
    (vosotros) -isteis
    (ellos / ustedes) -ieron
    For example, the verbestar belongs to this group, as it changes its stem when conjugated in Preterite tense: Infinitive: estar- Preterite Stem Change --> estuv-
    So, its Preterite conjugations is:
    (yo) estuve
    (tu) estuviste
    (él) estuvo
    (nosotros) estuvimos
    (vosotros) estuvisteis
    (ellos / ustedes) estuvieron
    All the verbs included in this classification and their corresponding Preterite conjugations are:

Andar
(To walk) / Caber
(To fit in) / Estar
(To be) / Haber
(To have)
Preterite
stem change: / anduv- / cup- / estuv- / hub-
Yo
Tu
El / Ella
Nosotros
Vosotros
Ellos / Ustedes / anduve
anduviste
anduvo
anduvimos
anduvisteis
anduvieron / cupe
cupiste
cupo
cupimos
cupisteis
cupieron / estuve
estuviste
estuvo
estuvimos
estuvisteis
estuvieron / hube
hubiste
hubo
hubimos
hubisteis
hubieron
Hacer
(To make, to do) / Poder
(To be able) / Poner
(To put) / Querer
(To want, to love)
Preterite
stem change: / hic- / pud- / pus- / quis-
Yo
Tu
El / Ella
Nosotros
Vosotros
Ellos / Ustedes / hice
hiciste
hizo
hicimos
hicisteis
hicieron / pude
pudiste
pudo
pudimos
pudisteis
pudieron / puse
pusiste
puso
pusimos
pusisteis
pusieron / quise
quisiste
quiso
quisimos
quisisteis
quisieron
Saber
(To know) / Tener
(To have) / Venir
(To come)
Preterite
stem change: / sup- / tuv- / vin-
Yo
Tu
El / Ella
Nosotros
Vosotros
Ellos / Ustedes / supe
supiste
supo
supimos
supisteis
supieron / tuve
tuviste
tuvo
tuvimos
tuvisteis
tuvieron / vine
viniste
vino
vinimos
vinisteis
vinieron
There are more grammar points about Irregular verbs and theyPreterite conjugation that we'll study soon. Meanwhile, as always, for any question or comment, feel free to e-mail me.
¡Hasta pronto!
Angeles F.

3. Preterite: Part II

In this lesson you will learn to conjugate four important verbs in the preterite tense: ser, ir, dar and hacer.

These four verbs are irregular; you must memorize them:

ser / ir / dar / hacer
fui / fui / di / hice
fuiste / fuiste / diste / hiciste
fue / fue / dio / hizo
fuimos / fuimos / dimos / hicimos
fuisteis / fuisteis / disteis / hicisteis
fueron / fueron / dieron / hicieron

To review some of the rules for using the preterite:

  • The preterite is used for actions that can be viewed as single events.
  • The preterite is used for actions that were repeated a specific number of times.
  • The preterite is used for actions that occurred during a specific period of time.
  • The preterite is used for actions that were part of a chain of events.
  • The preterite is used to state the beginning or the end of an action.

Preterite: ser, ir

fui
fuiste
fue

fuimos
fuisteis

fueron

Preterite: dar, hacer

di
diste
dio
dimos
disteis
dieron

hice
hiciste
hizo
hicimos
hicisteis
hicieron

Spanish Past Tense –Pretérito

VERBOS REGULARES

The pretéritois the Spanish simple past tense, used to talk about things that were completed in the past.

Compréunachaqueta. / I bought a jacket.
Comimos a lasocho. / We ate at 8.
Fueron al banco. / They went to the bank.
¿Hicistetutarea? / Did you do your homework?

The pretérito and imperfecto are often confusing for Spanish students –

Conjugating the pretérito: Regular verbs

Most regular Spanish -AR, -ER, and -IR verbs are conjugated with a standard root (found by dropping the infinitive) plus the appropriate endings.

Hablar - to talk
yo / hablé / nosotros / hablamos
tú / hablaste / vosotros / hablasteis
él / habló / ellos / hablaron
Comer - to eat
yo / comí / nosotros / comimos
tú / comiste / vosotros / comisteis
él / comió / ellos / comieron
Vivir - to live
yo / viví / nosotros / vivimos
tú / viviste / vosotros / vivisteis
él / vivió / ellos / Vivieron

Note that the pretérito endings are identical for -ER and -IR verbs.

Fin

Realidades 2

TAREA

REFLEXIVE VERBS

LAW OF POSITION OF PRONOUNS

THE MINI- LEZIONIrequired in the home journalevery night

Capítulo 1B I

Mini lezione

10 to 15 minutes

Of current lesson in

HOME JOURNALS!!!

Monday-Friday !!!

REVIEW THE VERBS IN THE VERB PACKET!

Review and conjugate

5 FIVE VERBS each night!

In home journal !

PLEASE STUDY and PLEASE SPEAK SPANISH!!!!!