Possible topics/questions for examination

  1. What examples would you chose to substantiate the notion that the adaptive immune response is specific?
  2. What are the essential differences between the adaptive and the innate immune system?
  3. What are the components which make up the innate immune response?
  4. What are the components which make up the adaptive immune response?
  5. Where do the cells involved in the immune response originate?
  6. What are the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC)?
  7. What are the main cell lineages that arise from the pluripotent HSC
  8. What type of cells are involved in the innate immune response?
  9. What are the type of cells involved in the adaptive immune response?
  10. What are the locations for the development and maturation of the lymphocytes?
  11. What is an antigen?
  12. How do lymphocytes re-circulate?
  13. What is the lymphatic circulation?
  14. What are the immunologically relevant domains of the oral cavity?
  15. What are the elements of the innate immune system in each of these domains?
  16. What is the thoracic duct and what is its role?
  17. What are the components of the peripheral lymphoid tissue?
  18. What are the structural features of lymphocytes?
  19. How do lymphocytes recognize antigen?
  20. Depending on their site of development, how many types of lymphocytes are there?
  21. How many types of T lymphocytes are there?
  22. What are the differences in function between B and T lymphocytes?
  23. What are the differences if any - between the way B and T cells recognize antigen
  24. What are the differences in function between the CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes?
  25. How do CD4+ and CD8+ T cells recognize antigen?
  26. What is the cellular basis for immunological memory?
  27. What are cytokines?
  28. What cytokines are produced by CD4
  29. How do CD8+ T cells kill their target?
  30. What are the differences between a primary and an anamnestic immune response?
  31. What do antigen-presenting cells (APC) do?
  32. Examples of APCs
  33. What is the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), and where are its molecules expressed?
  34. How are the MHC molecules involved in antigen-presentation?
  35. What is the difference in the roles played by MHC class-I and MHC class-II molecules in antigen presentation?
  36. What are the MHC molecules loaded with when transported to the surface of the APCs.
  37. What is the role of the MHC in transplant rejection?
  38. What is immunological tolerance?
  39. How is tolerance achieved?
  40. What is clonal deletion?
  41. What are the potential consequences of the presence of self-reactive T and/or B cell clones?
  42. What are the structural differences if any, between the B cell and T cell receptors for antigen.

43. What are the differences between a plasma cell and a B lymphocyte

  1. What is a plasma cell and what are its functions?
  2. What is the polypeptide chain structure of the IgG molecule?
  3. How many V domains are there in an IgG Ab molecule?
  4. How many C domains are there in an IgG H chain?
  5. How many C domains are there in an IgM H chain?
  6. What distinguishes a V from a C domain?
  7. How can you demonstrate antibody specificity?
  8. What portion of the Ab molecule is involved in biological properties
  9. What characterizes the polymeric Ig?
  10. How does papain cleave the IgG molecule?
  11. How does pepsin cleave the IgG molecule?
  12. What is the biological role of IgA?
  13. What are the biological roles of IgG?
  14. What are the biological roles of IgM?
  15. What distinguishes the Ig classes from each other in terms of their function?
  16. What are the main functions of the complement system?
  17. What are the anaphylatoxins?
  18. What is opsonization?
  19. What is the Membrane Attack Complex?
  20. How many Complement pathways are there and how are they called?
  21. How does the complement system connect innate and adaptive immunity?
  22. How do B cells get help from a T cell?
  23. What are the functional distinctions between Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells?
  24. What are the cytokines involved in B cell help by T cells?
  25. What is a granuloma and what are its causes?
  26. What is the tuberculin reaction?
  27. How do you differentiate between a type-I and type-IV hypersensitivity reaction?
  28. What are the main pharmacologic mediators of anaphylaxis, and what is their effect?
  29. What is an allergen and what are their general properties?
  30. What are the characteristic features of IgE-mediated skin reactions?
  31. What is an anaphylactic shock and under what conditions is it triggered?
  32. How does IgE-mediated basophile degranulation take place?
  33. What is autoimmunity and what are its manifestations?
  34. What are the clinico-pathological consequences of immunosuppression and/or immunodeficiency for the oral cavity?
  35. What are the immunological risks of local anaesthetic administration in dental practice?
  36. What are myelomas and lymphomas and how do they contribute to immunodeficiency
  37. What are inherited immunodeficiencies?
  38. What are acquired immunodeficiencies?
  39. What is the Oral Allergy Syndrome?

These are all the topics. Good luck at the exam.