SavageName ______

APUSH Date ______Pd ______

The Young Republic, 1788-1800: Washington’s Presidency & the American Party Politics

I. Washington’s First Term (1789-1792)

A.The Constitution created a general framework but lacked the details

1.Congress had to create a tax collection system, bureaucracy, & court system (Judiciary Act of 1789)

  1. Washington defined the role of president & focused on domestic issues in his 1st term

B.The 1st cabinet was composed of Knox (War), Hamilton (Treasury), Jefferson (States), Randolph (Attorney Gen)

1.Alexander Hamilton

  1. Strong central government
  2. Industrial growthalliance with England
  3. Feared anarchy

2.Thomas Jefferson

  1. Limited government; Strong states
  2. Agrarian growthalliance with France
  3. Feared aristocracy

II. Hamilton's Plan for America

A.Sec of Treasury Hamilton generated solutions for the national and state debts & economic slump

  1. Report on Public Credit (1790)
  1. Funding national debt at face value
  2. Assumption of states’ debts
  3. Excise tax on whiskey
  1. Bank of the United States(1791)
  2. Proposed the creation of a private national bank(BUS) to regulate currency
  3. Opposed by Madison & Jefferson (strict construction) but the elastic clause helped defend the bank
  4. Report on Manufacturing (1791): Hamilton hoped to reduce U.S.dependence on Europe; Unsuccessful

III. Washington’s Second Term (1793-1797)

A. Washington was unanimously reelected, but his second term was dominated by foreign policy

  1. Franco-British War in 1793 divided Americans as to who to support
  2. Jefferson wanted to support France; Hamilton wanted to support England
  3. Washington issued the Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)
  4. Jay’s Treaty (1794) was an attempt to get British soldiers out of western forts & recognize U.S. neutrality
  5. The U.S. gained trade & the British left the west, but England refused to end impressment
  6. John Jay was very unpopular with Americans & the House challenged the Senate’s right to ratify
  7. Jay’s Treaty scared Spaininto the Treaty of San Lorenzo (Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795); resolved the New Orleans & FL
  8. The Battle of Fallen Timbers with Indians led to the Treaty of Greenville (1794) & cessions in Ohio

B. Disagreements over Hamilton’s financial plans & the Anglo-French wars led to America’s 1st political parties

1. Democratic-Republicans (Jeffersonian Republicans) favored states rights, strict construction, & ties to France

2. Federalists (Hamiltonians) favored a strong national government, loose construction, & ties to England

3. The parties distrusted each other & used partisan newspapers to destroy each other’s policies

4. The Whiskey Rebellion (1794) among western PA farmers confirmed each parties fears of the other

C. Washington’s Farewell Address (1796)

1. Established the two-term precedent for future presidents

2. Warned against political parties & foreign involvement

SavageName ______

APUSH (Unit 2)Date ______Pd ______

Competing Visions of Government: The Federalists vs. the Republicans

Directions: Identify the Hamiltonian and Jeffersonian perspective regarding the following topics. Each box requires a specific answer and a brief sentence to explain their rationale for this position. No one-word answers are acceptable.

Hamilton (Federalist) / Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)
What was his vision of the role of government
(National or State?)
Payment of National & State Debts
Tariff on Imported Goods
The U.S. Economy: (Manufacturing or Farming?)
Creating a National Bank
Interpretation of the Constitution
Whiskey Tax and Whiskey Rebellion
Support for the French Revolution
What is the fundamental idea at the heart of the Hamilton/Jefferson disagreement?

Analysis Questions:

  1. Summarize the fundamental idea that is at the heart of the Federalists/Anti-Federalist disagreement. In what ways is this similar to the idea at the heart of the Hamilton/Jefferson conflict? In what ways is it different?
  1. Who’s vision for America, Hamilton’s or Jefferson’s, do you feel was most appropriate for America in 1790? Explain.

Competing Visions of Government: The Federalists vs. the Republicans

Hamilton (Federalist) / Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)
Vision of the role of government
(National or State?) / A strong national gov’t is necessary to provide economic & political order; the “elite” should rule over the masses / The states should hold more power to protect the yeoman farmers from potential tyrants
Payment of National & State Debts / The national gov’t should “assume” all state debts & should “fund” debts at full value; This would ensure confidence in the American economy & help consolidate American debts / The states should retain their own debts; States like Virginia who paid off their debts should not have to help more negligible states pay off their debts
Tariff on Imported Goods / The U.S. gov’t should tax imported goods to generate revenue to pay off debts / The states should not be subject to national taxes; Import taxes hurt yeoman farmers by making products more expensive
The U.S. Economy: (Manufacturing or Farming?) / Manufacturing; the U.S. gov’t should support manufacturing & building infrastructure to support manufacturing / Farming; America is a land dominated by yeoman farmers whose interests need to be protected & supported
Creating a National Bank / America needs a BUS to regulate currency & interest rates; the BUS should be privately controlled by bankers who are invested in the nation’s economy / The BUS is unconstitutional & places too much power in the hands of the elite
Interpretation of the Constitution / The elastic clause allows for a loose interpretation of the Constitution to fit the needs of the nation / The national gov’t can only operate under the powers clearly expressed in the Constitution
Whiskey Tax and Whiskey Rebellion / The national gov’t has the power to issue taxes in order to raise revenue; The Whiskey Rebellion represents a Republican plot to promote states’ rights / The national gov’t should leave taxes to the states; The gov’t used the army to stifle legitimate opposition to an unfair gov’t tax.
Support for the French Revolution / The U.S. should support England, not France, due to England’s superior economic system / The U.S. should support France due to its conviction to liberty & assistance during the American Revolution