Chapter 12 – Understanding Sexuality
Multiple Choice
1.When did you become genetically male or female?
A)at the moment of conception
B)during the embryonic stage
C)during the second trimester of development
D)during the third trimester of development
Answer:A
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2.For many young boys, fully mature sperm do not develop until age ______.
A)13
B)17
C)14
D)15
Answer:D
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3.In girls, the onset of menstruation is called
A)menses.
B)primensis.
C)menarche.
D)menopause.
Answer:C
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4.Why is it unusual for a typical woman in her fifties to become pregnant?
A)Most women observe a decline in reproductive hormone production.
B)Their husbands are often infertile by that age.
C)Many couples no longer have regular sexual intercourse after age 50.
D)Most American couples have undergone voluntary sterilization by that age.
Answer:A
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5.One’s initial gender identity is based upon
A)a preference for one gender role over another.
B)a recognition of one’s biological gender.
C)gender role instruction from parents.
D)biological messages.
Answer:B
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6.Parents most commonly introduce a gender preference to their children by
A)punishing their children for behavior outside the norm.
B)discussing with their children the roles they are expected to fill.
C)controlling the experiences to which their children are exposed.
D)giving them the broadest possible freedom to choose their interests.
Answer:C
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7.The process of internalizing a mature gender image is called
A)gender surveying.
B)gender adoption.
C)gender identity.
D)genderization.
Answer:B
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8.The achievement of a personally satisfying interpretation of one’s masculinity or femininity is termed
A)gender preference.
B)gender adoption.
C)gender identification.
D)gender qualification.
Answer:C
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9.Which of the following does NOT have an effect on the length of a woman’s menstrual cycle?
A)unresolved stress
B)illnesses
C)major life changes
D)age of first sexual encounter
Answer: D
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10.Why do the male gonads hang in a sac outside the body cavity?
A)There is no room for them in the body cavity.
B)The body cavity is too warm for proper sperm development.
C)This is the most efficient way for sperm to be ejaculated.
D)This promotes a clear separation between the sexual and excretory functions of the penis.
Answer:B
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11.The function of ICSH (interstitial cell-stimulating hormone) is to
A)control sexual responsiveness.
B)control physical growth during puberty.
C)trigger the onset of menarche in females.
D)begin the process of sperm development in males.
Answer:D
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12.Which of the following serves primarily to lubricate the urethra with a clear, viscous mucus?
A)Cowper’s glands
B)seminal vesicles
C)prostate gland
D)epididymis
Answer:A
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13.Sperm make up about ____ percent of the volume of semen.
A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20
Answer:A
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14.The female analog to the male penis is the
A)uterus.
B)clitoris.
C)vagina.
D)mons pubis.
Answer:B
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15.The female’s vagina is sensitive to sexual stimulation for about the first ____ of its length.
A)one-tenth
B)one-quarter
C)one-third
D)one-half
Answer:C
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16.The endometrium is the
A)layer of tissue that surrounds the uterus.
B)innermost surface of the vagina.
C)gland that lubricates the vagina.
D)inner lining of the uterus.
Answer:D
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17.In addition to producing eggs, the ovaries also produce
A)female sex hormones.
B)antibacterial substances.
C)nutrients for the endometrium.
D)lubricant during sexual stimulation.
Answer:A
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18.Conception usually occurs in the
A)ovary.
B)uterus.
C)vagina.
D)fallopian tube.
Answer:D
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19.The breakdown of a woman’s endometrial wall and resultant discharge of blood is known as
A)menses.
B)menarche.
C)oogenesis.
D)metriosis.
Answer:A
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20.Endometriosis is
A)an infection of the endometrium.
B)a failure of the endometrium to detach during menstruation.
C)an abnormal development of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.
D)inflammation of the vaginal canal by endometrial tissue.
Answer:C
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21.The portion of the menstrual cycle during which the uterine lining is being sloughed off is called the ______phase.
A)hormonal
B)menstrual
C)preovulation
D)postovulation
Answer:B
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22.The event called ovulation occurs when a
A)luteinizing hormone begins to act on a primary egg follicle.
B)mature ovum is released into the fallopian tube.
C)mature ovum reaches the uterus.
D)sperm fertilizes an ovum.
Answer:B
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23.The best time in the menstrual cycle for Tom and Mary to try to conceive is at the
A)end of the menstrual phase.
B)end of the preovulation phase.
C)beginning of the menstrual cycle.
D)beginning of the preovulation phase.
Answer:B
Pages:313-314
24.The postovulation phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by
A)ovulation.
B)development of the corpus luteum.
C)the end of endometrial development.
D)the beginning of the disintegration of the endometrium.
Answer:B
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25.The most likely cause of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is
A)environmental and psychological factors.
B)structural problems within the uterus.
C)changes in hormonal levels.
D)low blood sugar.
Answer:C
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26.Which of the following is NOTa symptom of premenstrual syndrome?
A)tender breasts
B)headaches
C)fatigue
D)weight loss
Answer:D
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27.Fibrocystic breast condition, in which breast tissue becomes firm and sore, is caused by
A)hormone-stimulated secretions that accumulate in connective tissue.
B)precancerous lesions in the fatty tissue of the breast.
C)hormone-induced restrictions to blood circulation.
D)mild infections of the mammary glands.
Answer:A
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28.Which of the following is FALSE regarding menopause? It
A)is a normal physiological process, not a disease.
B)is a gradual decrease in reproductive system function.
C)usually has no unpleasant side effects.
D)usually occurs when women reach late forties through mid fifties.
Answer:C
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29.Hot flashes during menopause are caused by
A)contraction of the vaginal wall.
B)blood vessel dilation.
C)vaginal dryness.
D)ovulation.
Answer:B
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30.Abdominal pain caused by muscular cramping during the menstrual cycle is called
A)amenorrhea.
B)dysmenorrhea.
C)premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
D)endometriosis.
Answer:B
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31.Masters and Johnson used the following terms to describe the stages of the typical sexual response pattern in humans as
A)arousal, orgasm, decline.
B)excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution.
C)responsiveness, climax, orgasm, nonresponsiveness.
D)nonspecific stimulation, stimulation, orgasm, nonspecific decline.
Answer:B
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32.Which of the following descriptions of sexual responsiveness is MOST accurate? Most
A)men require visual stimuli.
B)women require stimulation by touching.
C)people need to follow a behavioral script.
D)people can be aroused by a variety of stimuli.
Answer:D
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33.Olivia is sexually stimulated by soft caresses and fragrant scents. Her partner needs the visual stimulation of explicit sexual images. Masters and Johnson would conclude that
A)the couple’s behavior is normal.
B)neither will achieve optimal arousal.
C)this couple is sexually incompatible.
D)this is unusual, but not a major problem.
Answer:A
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34.The refractory phase is the
A)period of time between initial stimulation and the beginning of physical arousal.
B)time required for sexual organs to resume their normal size and position.
C)period following orgasm during which arousal cannot occur again.
D)moment at which orgasm becomes inevitable.
Answer:C
Pages:315-316
35.The stage of the human sexual response pattern in which the body returns to a pre-excitement state is known as the ______stage.
A)orgasmic
B)plateau
C)recovery
D)resolution
Answer:D
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36.Which of the following BEST summarizes the comparison between the sexual response patterns of men and women?
A)There are more similarities than differences between men’s and women’s responses.
B)Men and women respond sexually in fundamentally different ways.
C)Women are more responsive than men.
D)Men are more responsive than women.
Answer:A
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37.Vasocongestion is the
A)retention of blood or fluid within a particular tissue.
B)abnormal retention of fluid leading to painful intercourse.
C)rise in blood pressure that accompanies the sexual response.
D)slowing of circulation that occurs in connection with the sexual response.
Answer:A
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38.The buildup of neuromuscular tension that leads to orgasm is called
A)vasocongestion.
B)excitement.
C)myotonia.
D)erection.
Answer:C
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39.The most commonly accepted view about the cause of homosexuality is that it is
A)genetic.
B)behavioral.
C)environmental.
D)still not known.
Answer:D
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40.The proportion of homosexuals in the American population is estimated to be one in
A)ten.
B)fifteen.
C)twenty.
D)twenty-five.
Answer:A
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41.Which of the following is FALSE regarding bisexuals? They may
A)be genuinely attracted to both genders.
B)be gay, but feel the need to behave heterosexually.
C)reject their biological sexuality.
D)be aroused physically by the same gender, but attracted emotionally to the opposite gender.
Answer:C
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42.The recognition of oneself as a male or female is referred to as gender
A)concept.
B)identity.
C)recognition.
D)pattern.
Answer:B
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43.The self-imposed avoidance of all sexual intercourse is called
A)celibacy.
B)infertility.
C)impotence.
D)insufficiency.
Answer:A
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44.What is the current position of researchers on masturbation? It
A)usually has its roots in psychological discomfort with one’s sexuality.
B)makes people more vulnerable to sexual dysfunctions.
C)is a necessary part of sexual expression.
D)is normal and not harmful.
Answer:D
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45.Which of the following is TRUE of oral-genital stimulation? It
A)has not been studied by researchers in human sexuality.
B)usually indicates an abusive relationship.
C)carries a risk of disease transmission.
D)is not a common sexual practice.
Answer:C
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46.Cassandra and Ashton are college students who are choosing to refrain from sexual intercourse. What percentage of college students represents the population that is refraining from intercourse?
A)5-12 percent
B)10-22 percent
C)25-40 percent
D)38-50 percent
Answer:C
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47.Which of the following is FALSE regarding anal intercourse?
A)There is a greater danger of transmitting HIV during anal intercourse than during penis-vaginal intercourse.
B)The condom is more likely to tear during penis-vaginal intercourse than anal intercourse.
C)Anal intercourse can be performed by both heterosexual couples and gay men.
D)Even with a condom, disease transmission is possible during anal intercourse.
Answer:B
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48.Which of the following BEST describes findings about the effect of aging on sexual enjoyment?
A)Enjoyment does not change with age.
B)Most elderly people find sexuality distasteful.
C)Most elderly people are physically unable to have intercourse.
D)Sexual responsiveness diminishes 70-80 percent in your seventies.
Answer:A
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49.The BEST description of intimacy is
A)telling one’s closest secrets to another.
B)any expression of sexuality with another.
C)any close mutual behavior within a relationship.
D)sharing a life-changing experience with another.
Answer:C
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50.Which of the following BEST illustrates a couple experiencing infatuation?
A)going steady
B)becoming engaged
C)planning their future together
D)an intense attraction in another’s presence
Answer:D
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51.Companionate love most closely resembles
A)a fairy tale romance.
B)a close friendship.
C)an agreement.
D)a blind date.
Answer:B
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52.Recent statistics indicate that the median age at first marriage for women is ______years old.
A)29
B)22
C)25
D)21
Answer:C
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53.Which of the following is FALSE regarding marriage?
A)Men tend to be older than women at first marriage.
B)Women are waiting longer to get married and tend to be career oriented.
C)The decision not to marry by adults has doubled in the last decade.
D)The demands of marriage will have little effect on a couple’s relationship.
Answer:D
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54.Which of the following is the BEST estimate of the number of college students who have engaged in sexual intercourse?
A)50-65 percent
B)75-90 percent
C)60-75 percent
D)85-100 percent
Answer:C
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55.All of the following are warning signs of an unhealthy relationship EXCEPT
A)limitations of creativity.
B)drug abuse.
C)lack of patience.
D)expressing your feelings.
Answer:D
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56.Although all women have the capability of being multiorgasmic, what percentage is anorgasmic?
A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40
Answer:A
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57.Of the following, which is NOT an effective method of conflict management?
A)Set a time limit for discussing problems.
B)Identify and resolve the real issue.
C)When talking, use sentences that start with “You.”
D)Mutually participate in decision making.
Answer:C
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58.Most divorces have their roots in
A)broken promises.
B)personality changes.
C)abusive relationships.
D)unfulfilled expectations.
Answer:D
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59.What percentage of men and women in the United States are single?
A)25-30 percent
B)30-35 percent
C)40-45 percent
D)50-55 percent
Answer:C
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True/False
60.Male embryos develop testes about the fifteenth week after conception.
Answer:False
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61.Early menstrual cycles tend to be anovulatory.
Answer:True
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62.For women, menopause marks the end of fertility.
Answer:True
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63.Gender preference is typically taught to children during the preschool years.
Answer:True
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64.Hormone replacement therapy can help to reduce some of the symptoms of menopause.
Answer:True
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65.Sperm are produced in the male’s testes.
Answer:True
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66.Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is required for the initial development of ova and sperm.
Answer:True
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67.The clitoris is the most sensitive part of the female genitals.
Answer:True
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68.The primary function of the uterus is to provide a stable environment for the possible implantation of a fertilized egg.
Answer:True
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69.Menarche refers to the onset of the first menstruation in girls.
Answer:True
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70.Endometriosis is a condition in which endometrial tissue fails to be discharged from the uterus during menstruation.
Answer:False
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71.Women are encouraged to cease normal activity during their menstrual cycle.
Answer:False
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72.There is no known medical cause for PMS.
Answer:False
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73.Menopause marks the end of ova production and menstruation.
Answer:True
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74.Hot flashes are caused by changing estrogen levels.
Answer:True
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75.Many physicians agree that menopause is a treatable disease.
Answer:False
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76.The sexual response patterns of men and women are very similar.
Answer:True
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77.Women do not progress through the same sexual response pattern as men.
Answer:False
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78.Most women are capable of multiple orgasms, but few men are.
Answer:True
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79.Vasocongestion is a withholding of oxygen to certain tissues.
Answer:False
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80.Legalizing same-sex marriage would give gay couples access to hospital visitation rights, family leave, and other privileges currently inaccessible.
Answer:True
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81.Genetic studies show that all homosexuals are born with their sexual preference.
Answer:False
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82.Current estimates place the proportion of homosexuals in the U.S. population at about 10 percent.
Answer:True
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83.Sexual abstinence and celibacy are considered synonyms.
Answer:True
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84.In women, erotic dreams can lead to orgasm.
Answer:True
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85.Genital foreplay serves no useful purpose.
Answer:False
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86.Oral-genital sex can result in an exchange of sexually transmitted diseases.
Answer:True
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87.Research on the frequency of sexual intercourse among college students indicates that most have engaged in sexual intercourse.
Answer:True
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88.When having a heated discussion with your partner, it is always helpful to bring up situations from the past to make your point.
Answer:False
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89.Sexual enjoyment diminishes with age.
Answer:False
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90.Passionate love is also called infatuation.
Answer:True
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91.The average age of first marriage in the United States is decreasing.
Answer:False
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92.Over three-quarters of adults in the United States have been married.
Answer:True
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93.Homosexual partnerships have many of the same characteristics and problems as heterosexual partnerships.
Answer:True
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94.Most states recognize same-sex marriages formed in different jurisdictions.
Answer: False
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95.Most experts believe that divorce is largely a product of unfulfilled expectations.
Answer:True
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96.According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the number of unmarried, opposite-gender couples living together totals over 5.2 million couples.
Answer:True
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97.Approximately one-half of cohabitation arrangements dissolve.
Answer:True
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Essay
98.Explain what it means to acquire a gender preference, and explain current recommendations about the process.
Answer:Acquiring a gender preference usually occurs during childhood and, to some extent, it involves parental pressure to adopt the activities associated with one or the other gender. Attitudes about which activities are for boys and which are for girls are relaxing. It is normal for children to experiment with their gender identity, so parents should not become unduly alarmed about the activities children engage in during this period.
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99.List the accessory glands of the male reproductive system, and briefly describe their functions.
Answer:Seminal vesicles manufacture fluid that nourishes sperm cells and provides a medium for their transport. The prostate gland secretes a mixture of substances that nourishes sperm cells and makes the semen alkaline to resist the acidic environment of the vagina. The Cowper’s gland secretes a substance that lubricates the urethra prior to ejaculation.
Pages:309-310
100.Briefly describe the three phases of the menstrual cycle, including their approximate duration.
Answer:
1)Menstrual phase: five to seven days--the endometrial lining of the uterus is gradually sloughed off.
2)Preovulation phase: about seven days--the release of FSH begins the process of maturing ovarian follicles. As the follicles develop, they release estrogen, which begins the process of building a new endometrial layer in the uterus. This phase culminates in ovulation.
3)Postovulation phase: the corpus luteum continues to secrete hormones to support the endometrium. If there is no fertilization, the corpus luteum disintegrates, and the uterus prepares to discharge the endometrium.
Pages:313-314
101.Discuss both the advantages and the disadvantages of using hormone replacement therapy.
Answer:Hormone replacement therapy is useful in treating the symptoms of menopause and also helps to reduce the likelihood of developing osteoporosis. Recently it has been found that HRT increases the risk of both breast cancer and cardiovascular problems.