US History_Civil Rights and Struggle for Equality

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African-Americans / Women / Asian-Americans / Hispanic Americans
  • Bailey vs. Patterson
  • Bateson v. Kentucky
  • Black Power Movement
  • Brown vs. Board of Education (I and II)
  • Civil Rights Act of 1964
  • Griggs v. Duke Power
  • Grutter v. Bollinger
  • Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v United States
  • Jones v. Meyer Co.
  • Loving vs. Virginia
  • Malcolm X
  • Martin Luther King, Jr.
  • Medgar Evers
  • NAACP
  • Shelley vs. Kraemer
  • Thurgood Marshall
  • University of California Regents vs. Bakke
  • Voter Rights Act
/
  • Cleveland Board of Education v. La Fleur
  • Corning Glass Works v. Brennan
  • Eisenstadt v. Baird
  • Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974
  • Equal Pay Act of 1963
  • Equal Rights Amendment
  • First Martial Rape Law passes in Nebraska 1976
  • Griswolf v. Connecticut
  • Johnson v. Transportation Agency
  • Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson
  • NOW
  • Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978
  • President's Commission on the Status of Women
  • Roe v. Wade
  • Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Co.,
  • Title IX
/
  • Displaced Persons Act of 1948
  • Evacuation Claims Act of 1948
  • Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1952
  • Korematsu v. United States
  • Lau vs. Nichols
  • The Hart-Cellar Act of 1965
  • Victor Chin Case
  • Walter-McCarran Immigration Act of 1948
/
  • Aztlán
  • Cesar Chavez
  • Chicano Civil Rights Movement
  • Chicano Moratorium
  • Delano Grape Strike
  • Dolores Huerta
  • Flores-Figueroa v. US
  • Hernandez v. Texas
  • Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), 1986
  • Mexican American Youth Association (MAYA)
  • Mexican American Youth Organization (MAYO)
  • Padilla vs. Kentucky
  • United Mexican American Students (UMAS),
  • US Department of Transportation v Public Citizen

African-Americans

  1. "Malcolm X Talks About Respect."Thought Equity Motion Collections [Video] 2010. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 8 Feb. 2011.(LAPL login required)
  2. African Activist Archives Preserves records and memories of activism in the United States against colonialism, apartheid, and social injustice from the 1950s through the 1990s. The site features 900 documents, plus photographs, poster, buttons, audio and video recordings. (NYPL summary)
  3. African American World - Presents the broad range of the black experience in the United States, from the Harlem Renaissance to the ongoing debate over affirmative action. (ODP summary)
  4. American Black Journal Originally titled Colored People's Time, the program went on the air in 1968 as a televised public forum for African Americans during a time of racial turmoil. Numerous interviews, round-table discussions, field-produced features, and artistic performances. Provides the visual and audio context of key debates and discussions surrounding African-American history, culture, and politics. (NYPL summary)
  5. Bailey v. Patterson, The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 31, No. 2 (Spring, 1962), pp. 210-211. (JSTOR login required)
  6. Black Power Movement: information from How Stuff Works
  7. Black Residential Segregation Since the 1948 Shelley V. Kraemer Decision, Joe T. Darden, Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 25, No. 6 (Jul., 1995), pp. 680-691. (JSTOR login required)
  8. Black Women on the Frontline: Unfinished Business of the Sixties, Andrée Nicola-McLaughlin, Zala Chandler, The Radical Teacher, No. 27, Multicultural Women's Studies (November, 1984), pp. 6-11. (JSTOR login required)
  9. Brown vs. Board of Education: US History in Context portal from GALE (LAPL login required)
  10. Civil Rights Pathfinder located at GHCHS Library Research Archives: US History_Civil Rights Movement.doc
  11. Darden, Joe T. (1995). "Black Residential Segregation Since the 1948 Shelley v. Kraemer Decision". Journal of Black Studies25 (6): 680–691.
  12. Employment Testing: The Aftermath of Griggs v. Duke Power Company, Columbia Law Review, Vol. 72, No. 5 (May, 1972), pp. 900-925. (JSTOR login required)
  13. Explaining Grutter v. Bollinger, Neal Devins, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 152, No. 1 (Nov., 2003), pp. 347-383. (JSTOR login required)
  14. Henkin, Louis (1962). "Shelley v. Kraemer: Notes for a Revised Opinion". University of Pennsylvania Law Review110 (4): 473–505.
  15. Hitchhiker’s Guide to American History: link to web directory on African Americans and Civil Rights
  16. Immigration Statistics: Various statistics. In particular, The Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, a compendium of tables provides data on foreign nationals who were granted lawful permanent residence, were admitted into the United States on a temporary basis, applied for asylum or refugee status, or were naturalized every year. (NYPL summary)
  17. In Defense of the Civil Rights Remedy of the Violence against Women Act, Johanna R. Shargel, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 106, No. 6 (Apr., 1997), pp. 1849-1883. (JSTOR login required)
  18. NAACP - The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), a civil rights organization for ethnic minorities in the united States. (ODP summary)
  19. National Afro-American Museum and Cultural Center - Located in Wilberforce, Ohio, the museum's permanent exhibition is titled, From Victory To Freedom: Afro-American Life in the 1950s. Exploring African American experiences in America's history from 1945 with the ending of World War II, to 1965 with passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1964. (ODP summary)
  20. Our Documents Presents 100 milestone documents in American history, including the Constitution, the Missouri Compromise, Dred Scott v. Sanford, the Emancipation Proclamation, the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, the Voting Rights Act, etc. (NYPL summary)
  21. Race, Law & History: The Supreme Court from "Dred Scott" to "Grutter V. Bollinger", Louis H. Pollak, Daedalus, Vol. 134, No. 1, On Race (Winter, 2005), pp. 29-41. (JSTOR login required)
  22. Some Legacies of "Brown v. Board of Education", Mark Tushnet, Virginia Law Review, Vol. 90, No. 6, 50 Years of Brown v. Board of Education (Oct., 2004), pp. 1693-1720. (JSTOR login required)
  23. Strangers in Paradise: Griggs v. Duke Power Co. and the Concept of Employment Discrimination, Alfred W. Blumrosen, Michigan Law Review, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Nov., 1972), pp. 59-110. (JSTOR login required)
  24. Television News of the Civil Rights Era 1950-1970:Video archive featuring more than 30 hours of unedited historical news film chronicling the civil rights struggle in several southern cities. TV clips, oral histories, documents. (NYPL summary)
  25. The Affirmative Action and Diversity Project Articles and theoretical analyses, policy documents, current legislative updates, and an annotated bibliography of research and teaching materials. (NYPL summary)
  26. The African American Experience Database: ABC-CLIO history database provided through Los Angeles Public Library (LAPL login required)
  27. The Impact of Shelley v. Kraemer on the State Action Concept, Donald M. Cahen, California Law Review, Vol. 44, No. 4 (Oct., 1956), pp. 718-736. (JSTOR login required)
  28. The National Civil Rights Museum - Offers an overview of the civil rights movement in exhibit form. Located in Memphis, Tennessee. (ODP summary)
  29. The Right to Marry: Loving v. Virginia, Peter Wallenstein, OAH Magazine of History, Vol. 9, No. 2, Taking a Stand in History (Winter, 1995), pp. 37-41. (JSTOR login required)
  30. The Significance of Brown v. Board of Education, Mark Tushnet, Virginia Law Review, Vol. 80, No. 1, Twentieth-Century Constitutional History (Feb., 1994), pp. 173-184. (JSTOR login required)
  31. Travelers, Strangers, and Jim Crow: Law, Public Accommodations, and Civil Rights in America, A. K. Sandoval-Strausz, Law and History Review, Vol. 23, No. 1 (Spring, 2005), pp. 53-94. (JSTOR login required)
  32. University of California Regents v Bakke: US History in Context portal from GALE (LAPL login required)
  33. What Really Happened in Brown v. Board of Education, Mark Tushnet, Katya Lezin, Columbia Law Review, Vol. 91, No. 8 (Dec., 1991), pp. 1867-1930. (JSTOR login required)
  34. Literacy, Voting Rights, and the Citizenship Schools in the South, 1957-1970, Susan Kates, College Composition and Communication, Vol. 57, No. 3 (Feb., 2006), pp. 479-502. (JSTOR login required)
  35. The Unfinished Dialogue of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X, Clayborne Carsonm, OAH Magazine of History, Vol. 19, No. 1, Martin Luther King, Jr. (Jan., 2005), pp. 22-26. (JSTOR login required)
  36. The Political and Social Relevancy of Malcolm X: The Stability of African American Political Attitudes, Darren W. Davis, Christian Davenport, The Journal of Politics, Vol. 59, No. 2 (May, 1997), pp. 550-564. (JSTOR login required)
  37. The Intellectual Creativity and Public Discourse of Malcolm X: A Precursor to the Modern Black Studies Movement, Andrew P. Smallwood, Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 36, No. 2 (Nov., 2005), pp. 248-263. (JSTOR login required)
  38. Territoriality, Social Justice and Gendered Revolutions in the Speeches of Malcolm X, James A. Tyner, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Sep., 2004), pp. 330-343. (JSTOR login required)
  39. The NAACP Honors Its Heroes: A Report on the 1997 Convention, Wil Haygood, The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, No. 17 (Autumn, 1997), pp. 126-127.

Women

  1. “All Our Problems Stem from the Same Sex Based Myths”: Gloria Steinem Delineates American Gender Myths during ERA Hearings
  2. American Women's History during the 1970s, Hugh Davis Graham, OAH Magazine of History, Vol. 3, No. 3/4, Special Double Issue on Women's History and History of the 1970s (Summer - Fall, 1988), pp. 24-27. (JSTOR login required)
  3. Animated Atlas of American History: orange area focuses on women in society. Scroll left to right to move timeline from 1780-2010.
  4. At Law: Roe v. Wade Reaffirmed, Again, George J. Annas, The Hastings Center Report, Vol. 16, No. 5 (Oct., 1986), pp. 26-27. (JSTOR login required)
  5. Black Women on the Frontline: Unfinished Business of the Sixties, Andrée Nicola-McLaughlin, Zala Chandler, The Radical Teacher, No. 27, Multicultural Women's Studies (November, 1984), pp. 6-11. (JSTOR login required)
  1. Congress, Social Movements and Public Opinion: Multiple Origins of Women's Rights Legislation, Anne N. Costain, Steven Majstorovic, Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 1 (Mar., 1994), pp. 111-135. . (JSTOR login required)
  2. Equality, Not Protection, Science News, Vol. 94, No. 21 (Nov. 23, 1968), pp. 516-517. (JSTOR login required)
  1. Herstory of Women's Health Movement and Self-Help - Self cervical exam revolutionized activists working for legal abortion in the 1960's and early 1970's.
  2. History's Women - A magazine highlighting the extraordinary achievements of women throughout history and recognizing the obstacles they have had to overcome in order to reach their goals.
  3. International Federation for Research in Women's History - Umbrella organisation for national committees of women's history. Information on publications and conferences in women's history throughout the world.
  4. Internet Women's History Sourcebook - Presents online documents and secondary discussions which reflect the various ways of looking at the history of women within broadly defined historical periods and areas. Includes ancient, medieval and modern.
  5. Law and the Life Sciences: Roe v. Wade Reaffirmed, George J. Annas, The Hastings Center Report, Vol. 13, No. 4 (Aug., 1983), pp. 21-22. (JSTOR login required)
  6. Multimedia Exhibits in Women's History - Multicultural links to Women's History.
  7. National Organization for Women
  8. Reclaim The Night - International march and rally against sexual violence for women and children held on the last Friday evening of October every year. It is known in some countries as Take Back The Night. (ODP)
  1. Rethinking Betty Friedan and the Feminine Mystique: Labor Union Radicalism and Feminism in Cold War America, Daniel Horowitz, American Quarterly, Vol. 48, No. 1 (Mar., 1996), pp. 1-42. (JSTOR login required)
  2. Roe v. Wade and the Lesson of the Pre-Roe Case Law, Richard Gregory Morgan, Michigan Law Review, Vol. 77, No. 7, Symposium on the Law and Politics of Abortion (Aug., 1979), pp. 1724-1748. (JSTOR login required)
  1. Sophia Smith Collection of Smith College - Large collection of manuscript, print, and audio-visual material that documents the historical experience of women, primarily in the United States. Includes collection lists, lesson plans, and subject guides on individual women and special topics.
  1. Support among Women for the Issues of the Women's Movement, Susan Welch, The Sociological Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Spring, 1975), pp. 216-227. . (JSTOR login required)
  2. Sustaining Gains: Reflections on Women in Science and Technology in 20th-Century United States, Sally Gregory Kohlstedt, NWSA Journal, Vol. 16, No. 1, (Re)Gendering Science Fields (Spring, 2004), pp. 1-26. . (JSTOR login required)
  1. Swarthmore College Peace Collection - A research archives devoted to collecting, preserving, and making accessible, materials on non-governmental women’s efforts towards peace.
  1. The Equal Rights Amendment, Public Opinion, & American Constitutionalism, Louis Bolce, Gerald De Maio, Douglas Muzzio, Polity, Vol. 19, No. 4 (Summer, 1987), pp. 551-569. (JSTOR login required)
  2. The Equal Rights Amendment: Its Potential Impact on Family Life, Noel Myricks, The Family Coordinator, Vol. 26, No. 4, The Family and the Law (Oct., 1977), pp. 321-324. (JSTOR login required)
  3. The Payoff from Women's Rights, Isobel Coleman, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 83, No. 3 (May - Jun., 2004), pp. 80-95. . (JSTOR login required)
  4. The United States Senate Votes to Uphold Roe versus Wade, Donald Granberg, Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Jun., 1985), pp. 115-131. (JSTOR login required)
  1. The Women's Legal History Project - Detailed biographies of over 100 early women lawyers and judges.
  1. The Triumph and Tragedies of Japanese Women in America: A View Across Four Generations, Taylor Sakamoto, The History Teacher, Vol. 41, No. 1 (Nov., 2007), pp. 97-122. (JSTOR login required)
  2. When Do Movements Matter? The Politics of Contingency and the Equal Rights Amendment, Sarah A. Soule, Susan Olzak, American Sociological Review, Vol. 69, No. 4 (Aug., 2004), pp. 473-497. (JSTOR login required)
  3. Why Abortion Rates Vary: A Geographical Examination of the Supply of and Demand for Abortion Services in the United States in 1988, Patricia Gober, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 84, No. 2 (Jun., 1994), pp. 230-250. (JSTOR login required)
  1. Women's Guerilla History Project - Posters from the grassroots public art project promoting women's history and visibility. A group of women and girls who wish to see a more visible and public presence of women's diverse history and accomplishments.
  2. Women's History in Time Magazine - Large collection of articles and features of historical women featured in Time Magazine.
  3. Women's History Network - Promotes research of historical women and provides networking for individuals and organizations. Also publishes the "Women's History" magazine.
  4. Women's International Center - Biographies of great women. Histories of women through art. Women in America. Living Legacy Awards.
  5. World Wide Web Virtual Library: Women's History - Listing women's history institutions and organizations, locating archival and library collections, and providing links to Internet resources for women's history is the main purpose of this Virtual Library.
  6. Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership - This site is dedicated to the women who have ruled since the beginning of times, or as long as the sources date back.
  7. WWWomen: Women Throughout History - WWWomen aspires to be the most inclusive, up-to-date search site for women's topics.

Asian Americans

  1. "Asian Americans and American Politics: From Discrimination to Participation" essay by Carmencita-Mia Q. Fulgado
  2. "Asian Immigration."U*X*L Encyclopedia of U.S. History. Sonia Benson, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr., and Rebecca Valentine. Ed. Lawrence W. Baker and Sarah Hermsen. Vol. 1. Detroit: UXL, 2009. 97-104. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 8 Feb. 2011.
  3. "Commentary on Excerpt of the McCarran-Walter Act, 1952."The Immigrant Experience. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 8 Feb. 2011.
  4. "Immigration Act of 1965."Civil Rights in the United States. Ed. Waldo E. Martin, Jr. and Patricia Sullivan. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 8 Feb. 2011.
  5. "Korematsu v. United States 1944."Supreme Court Drama: Cases That Changed America. Ed. A Walton Litz, et al. Vol. 3: Affirmative Action/Assisted Suicide & the Right to Die/Civil Rights & Equal Protection/Gender Discrimination/Reproductive Rights/Rights of Immigrants, Gays, & the Disabled/Voting Rights. Detroit: UXL, 2001. 576-581. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 8 Feb. 2011.
  6. "Korematsu" and Beyond: Japanese Americans and the Origins of Strict Scrutiny, Greg Robinson, Toni Robinson, Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 68, No. 2, Judgments Judged and Wrongs Remembered: Examining the Japanese American Civil Liberties Cases on Their Sixtieth Anniversary (Spring, 2005), pp. 29-55. (JSTOR login required)
  7. An Unnoticed Struggle: a concise history of Asian American civil rights issues
  8. Asian Americans and Pacific Peoples: a case of mistaken identity. California Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights. Washington, DC. February, 1975. CR1.2:AS4 [click to access PDF]
  9. Asian Nation: Asian-american history, demographics and issues
  10. Becoming American. The Chinese Experience (a three-part documentary film by Bill Moyers about the history of the Chinese immigration into the USA), 2003.
  11. Chinese American Historical Society
  12. Equal Protection for Non-English-Speaking School Children: Lau v. Nichols, Stephen D. Sugarman, Ellen G. Widess, California Law Review, Vol. 62, No. 1 (Jan., 1974), pp. 157-182. (JSTOR login required)
  13. Fred T. Korematsu Institute for Civil Rights and Education
  14. Hohri v. United States. 782 F.2d 227, Monroe Leigh, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 80, No. 3 (Jul., 1986), pp. 648-651. (JSTOR login required)
  15. Iijima, Chris K. "Lau v. Nichols (1974)."Civil Rights in the United States. Ed. Waldo E. Martin, Jr. and Patricia Sullivan. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 8 Feb. 2011.
  16. Immigration, African Americans, and Race Discourse, Stephen Steinberg, New Labor Forum, Vol. 15, No. 1 (Spring, 2006), pp. 48-58. (JSTOR login required)
  17. Japanese American Internees Return, 1945 to 1955: Readjustment and Social Amnesia, Tetsuden Kashima, Phylon (1960-), Vol. 41, No. 2 (2nd Qtr., 1980), pp. 107-115. (JSTOR login required)
  18. Killing Spawned the Asian-American civil rights movement: article from the Michigan Bar Association
  19. Legacy of Brown: Lau and Language Policy in the United States, Patricia Gándara, Rachel Moran, Eugene Garcia, Review of Research in Education, Vol. 28 (2004), pp. 27-46. (JSTOR login required)
  20. Levy, Leonard W. "Wong Kim Ark, United States v. 169 U.S. 649 (1898)."Encyclopedia of the American Constitution. Ed. Leonard W. Levy and Kenneth L. Karst. 2nd ed. Vol. 6. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. 2922. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 8 Feb. 2011.
  21. Liu, Haiming. "Reception of Asians to the United States."New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. Ed. Maryanne Cline Horowitz.