Table 1. Preclinical studies testing the efficacy of oncolytic viruses for treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer
Cell line / Virus Vector / Mechanism / Model / ReferenceARO1 / Lentivirus / Dual therapy (NIS restoration for RAI therapy + siRNA to Hexokinase II / In vitro RAI uptake and in vivo xenograft tumor inhibition / 1
BHT101
Cal62
FRO
8505C / Conditionally replicative Adenovirus (dl922-947) / Dual therapy (adenovirus + AZD1152 (auro B kinase inhibitor) / In vivo xenograft tumor inhibition / 2
Conditionally replicative Adenovirus (dl922-947) / Dual therapy Adenovirus + bevacizumab / In vivo xenograft tumor inhibition / 3
ARO1
DRO2 / Conditionally replicative Adenovirus (ONYX-411) / Adenovirus replication restricted to Rb dysfunctional cells / In vitro cell killing and in vivo xenograft tumor inhibition / 4
KAT-4
DRO2 / Oncolytic Herpes virus (G207 and NV1023) / Dual therapy: G207 and NV1023 + paclitaxel or doxorubicin / In vitro cell killing and in vivo xenograft tumor inhibition / 5
8305C KAT4C
KAT4
DRO2
KAT18 / Oncolytic vaccinia virus (GLV-1h68) / Oncolysis / In vitro cell killing / 6
DRO90-12
8505C / Oncolytic vaccinia virus (GLV-1h68) / Oncolysis / In vivo xenograft tumor inhibition / 7
ARO1 / Adenovirus expressing NIS / Ad-CMV-NIS + doxorubicin / In vitro cell killing and in vivo xenograft inhibition / 8
DRO2
FRO
KAT-4
Cal62 / Conditionally replicative Adenovirus (dl1520) / Adenovirus + Lovastatin / In vitro cell killing and in vivo xenograft inhibition / 9
DRO90–12
KAT-4
KAT-4B
KAT-4C
KAT-18 / Oncolytic Herpes virus (NV1023) / NV1023 / In vitro cell killing / 10
ARO1 / Conditionally replicative Adenovirus (HILMI) / Adenovirus replication restricted to cells with Wnt/b-catenin dysfunction / In vitro cell killing and in vivo xenograft inhibition / 11
DRO90-12 ARO1
KAT-4C KAT-18 / Oncolytic Herpes virus (NV1023) / NV1023 / In vitro cell killing and in vivo xenograft inhibition / 12
ARO1
KAT-4
FRO / Conditionally replicative Adenovirus (ONYX-015) / Adenovirus replication restricted to p53 dysfunctional cells; Adenovirus + radiation / In vitro cell killing and in vivo xenograft inhibition / 13
ARO1
KAT-4
FRO / Conditionally replicative Adenovirus (ONYX-015) / Adenovirus replication restricted to p53 dysfunctional cells; / In vitro cell killing and in vivo xenograft inhibition / 14
1Idenity of ARO cells as bona fide anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines may be questioned as many of these cell lines have subsequently been determined to be identical to HT-29 colon cancer cells 15.
2Identity of DRO cells as bona fide anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines may be questioned as many of these cell lines have subsequently been determined to be identical to A-375 melanoma cells 15.
References
1. Kim JE, Ahn BC, Hwang MH, Jeon YH, Jeong SY, Lee SW et al. Combined RNA interference of hexokinase II and (131)I-sodium iodide symporter gene therapy for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med 2011; 52(11): 1756-1763.
2. Libertini S, Abagnale A, Passaro C, Botta G, Barbato S, Chieffi P et al. AZD1152 negatively affects the growth of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells and enhances the effects of oncolytic virus dl922-947. Endocr Relat Cancer 2011; 18(1): 129-141.
3. Libertini S, Iacuzzo I, Perruolo G, Scala S, Ierano C, Franco R et al. Bevacizumab increases viral distribution in human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma xenografts and enhances the effects of E1A-defective adenovirus dl922-947. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14(20): 6505-6514.
4. Reddi HV, Madde P, Reichert-Eberhardt AJ, Galanis EC, Copland JA, McIver B et al. ONYX-411, a conditionally replicative oncolytic adenovirus, induces cell death in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines and suppresses the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice. Cancer Gene Ther 2008; 15(11): 750-757.
5. Lin SF, Gao SP, Price DL, Li S, Chou TC, Singh P et al. Synergy of a herpes oncolytic virus and paclitaxel for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14(5): 1519-1528.
6. Lin SF, Yu Z, Riedl C, Woo Y, Zhang Q, Yu YA et al. Treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in vitro with a mutant vaccinia virus. Surgery 2007; 142(6): 976-983; discussion 976-983.
7. Lin SF, Price DL, Chen CH, Brader P, Li S, Gonzalez L et al. Oncolytic vaccinia virotherapy of anaplastic thyroid cancer in vivo. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2008; 93(11): 4403-4407.
8. Kim KI, Kang JH, Chung JK, Lee YJ, Jeong JM, Lee DS et al. Doxorubicin enhances the expression of transgene under control of the CMV promoter in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. J Nucl Med 2007; 48(9): 1553-1561.
9. Libertini S, Iacuzzo I, Ferraro A, Vitale M, Bifulco M, Fusco A et al. Lovastatin enhances the replication of the oncolytic adenovirus dl1520 and its antineoplastic activity against anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Endocrinology 2007; 148(11): 5186-5194.
10. Huang YY, Yu Z, Lin SF, Li S, Fong Y, Wong RJ. Nectin-1 is a marker of thyroid cancer sensitivity to herpes oncolytic therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92(5): 1965-1970.
11. Abbosh PH, Li X, Li L, Gardner TA, Kao C, Nephew KP. A conditionally replicative, Wnt/beta-catenin pathway-based adenovirus therapy for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2007; 14(4): 399-408.
12. Yu Z, Eisenberg DP, Singh B, Shah JP, Fong Y, Wong RJ. Treatment of aggressive thyroid cancer with an oncolytic herpes virus. Interntl J Cancer 2004; 112(3): 525-532.
13. Portella G, Pacelli R, Libertini S, Cella L, Vecchio G, Salvatore M et al. ONYX-015 enhances radiation-induced death of human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88(10): 5027-5032.
14. Portella G, Scala S, Vitagliano D, Vecchio G, Fusco A. ONYX-015, an E1B gene-defective adenovirus, induces cell death in human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87(6): 2525-2531.
15. Schweppe RE, Klopper JP, Korch C, Pugazhenthi U, Benezra M, Knauf JA et al. Deoxyribonucleic acid profiling analysis of 40 human thyroid cancer cell lines reveals cross-contamination resulting in cell line redundancy and misidentification. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93(11): 4331-4341.