CHAPTER 13
APPLICATIONS AND PROCESSING OF CERAMICS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. List the three primary ingredients of a soda-lime glass.
2. Cite the two prime assets of glass materials.
3. Define crystallization in the sense that it applies to glass-ceramics.
4. (a) Make a schematic sketch of an isothermal transformation diagram for the crystallization of a glass-ceramic. Be sure to label both axes.
(b) On this plot draw a cooling curve corresponding to the critical cooling rate.
5. (a) Describe the process that is used to produce glass-ceramics.
(b) Note two properties of these materials that make them superior to glass.
6. Name the two types of clay products, and then give two examples of each.
7. For the refractory ceramics do the following:
(a) Cite three important requirements that normally must be met by this group of materials.
(b) For the four classifications discussed, cite the primary ingredients and typical applications.
8. For the abrasive ceramics do the following:
(a) Cite three important requirements that normally must be met by this group of materials.
(b) Name four different ceramic materials that are commonly used as abrasives.
(c) Cite the three different forms of abrasives.
9. Briefly describe the process by which portland cement is produced.
10. Describe the mechanism by which cement hardens when water is added.
11. Briefly explain the role of cement in a concrete mix.
12. List three advanced ceramics applications, and, for each, note its important characteristics and/or the function(s) it performs.
13. (a) Schematically plot specific volume versus temperature for both crystalline and noncrystalline ceramics.
(b) On this graph indicate melting and glass-transition temperatures.
14. (a) Schematically sketch a plot of the temperature dependence of the viscosity of a glass.
(b) Now note how the curve changes with increasing impurity additions.
15. Name and briefly describe four forming methods that are used to fabricate glass pieces.
16. Briefly explain why thermal stresses are established in glass pieces as they are cooled.
17. Briefly describe and explainthe procedure by which glass pieces are thermally tempered.
18. Cite the two roles that clay minerals play in the fabrication of ceramic bodies.
19. Name and briefly describe two techniques that are used to fabricate clay products.
20. Briefly explain processes that occur during the drying and firing of clay-based ceramic ware.
21. (a) Define vitrification.
(b) Note the role this process plays in the development of strength of a ceramic body.
22. Name and briefly describe the three ceramic powder pressing techniques that were discussed in this chapter.
23. Briefly describe/diagram the sintering process of powder particle aggregates.
24. Describe the tape casting process.