Supplementary Table 1:Selected candidate genesfor targetedresequencing based on our previous linkage and association results in the MSTF AA and EA samples

Gene Name / Gene Symbol / Chromosome / Reference
Ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 / ANKK1 / 11 / [1]
Beta-arestin 1 / ARRB1 / 11 / [2]
Beta-arrestin 2 / ARRB2 / 17 / [2]
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor / BDNF / 11 / [3]
Cadherin 13 / CDH13 / 16
Catechol-O-methyltransferase / COMT / 22 / [4]
Choline acetyltransferase / CHAT / 10q11 / [5]
DOPA decarboxylase / DDC / 7 / [6]
Dopamine beta-monooxygenase / DBH / 9q34 / [7]
Dopamine receptor 1 / DRD1 / 5 / [8]
Dopamine receptor 2 / DRD2 / 11 / [1]
Dopamine receptor 3 / DRD3 / 3 / [9]
Dynamin 1 / DNM1 / 9 / [10]
GABA-B receptor subunit 2 / GABBR2 / 9 / [11]
Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate 3A / GRIN3A / 9 / [12]
Neurexin 1 / NRXN1 / 2 / [13]
Neurexin 2 / NRXN2 / 11q13
Neurexin 3 / NRXN3 / 14q31
Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 / NTRK2 / 9 / [14]
Nicotinic receptor, alpha 1 subunit / CHRNA1 / 2
Nicotinic receptor, alpha 10 subunit / CHRNA10 / 11p15
Nicotinic receptor, alpha 2 subunit / CHRNA2 / 8
Nicotinic receptor, alpha 3 subunit / CHRNA3 / 15 / [15]
Nicotinic receptor, alpha 4 subunit / CHRNA4 / 20 / [16]
Nicotinic receptor, alpha 5 subunit / CHRNA5 / 15 / [15]
Nicotinic receptor, alpha 6 subunit / CHRNA6 / 8
Nicotinic receptor, alpha 7 subunit / CHRNA7 / 15
Nicotinic receptor, alpha 9 subunit / CHRNA9 / 4p14
Nicotinic receptor, beta 1 subunit / CHRNB1 / 17p12
Nicotinic receptor, beta 2 subunit / CHRNB2 / 1q21 / [16]
Nicotinic receptor, beta 3 subunit / CHRNB3 / 8p11 / [17]
Nicotinic receptor, beta 4 subunit / CHRNB4 / 15q24 / [15]
Taste receptor, type 2, member 38 / TAS2R38 / 7 / [18]

References:

1Huang, W, Payne, TJ, Ma, JZ, Beuten, J, Dupont, RT, Inohara, N and Li, MD (2009) Significant association of ANKK1 and detection of a functional polymorphism with nicotine dependence in an African-American sample. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34: 319-330.

2Sun, D, Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ and Li, MD (2007) beta-Arrestins 1 and 2 are associated with nicotine dependence in European American smokers. Mol Psychiatry.

3Beuten, J, Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ, Dupont, RT, Quezada, P, Huang, W, Crews, KM and Li, MD (2005) Significant association of BDNF haplotypes in European-American male smokers but not in European-American female or African-American smokers. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 139: 73-80.

4Beuten, J, Payne, TJ, Ma, JZ and Li, MD (2006) Significant association of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) haplotypes with nicotine dependence in male and female smokers of two ethnic populations. Neuropsychopharmacology, 31: 675-684.

5Wei, J, Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ, Cui, W, Ray, R, Mitra, N, Lerman, C and Li, MD (2010) Replication and extension of association of choline acetyltransferase with nicotine dependence in European and African American smokers. Human genetics, 127: 691-698.

6Ma, JZ, Beuten, J, Payne, TJ, Dupont, RT, Elston, RC and Li, MD (2005) Haplotype analysis indicates an association between the DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) gene and nicotine dependence. Human molecular genetics, 14: 1691-1698.

7Thorgeirsson, TE, Gudbjartsson, DF, Surakka, I, Vink, JM, Amin, N, Geller, F, Sulem, P, Rafnar, T, Esko, T, Walter, S et al. (2010) Sequence variants at CHRNB3-CHRNA6 and CYP2A6 affect smoking behavior. Nature genetics, 42: 448-453.

8Huang, W, Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ, Beuten, J, Dupont, RT and Li, MD (2008) Significant association of DRD1 with nicotine dependence. Human genetics, 123: 133-140.

9Huang, W, Payne, TJ, Ma, JZ and Li, MD (2008) A functional polymorphism, rs6280, in DRD3 is significantly associated with nicotine dependence in European-American smokers. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 147B: 1109-1115.

10Xu, Q, Huang, W, Payne, TJ, Ma, JZ and Li, MD (2009) Detection of genetic association and a functional polymorphism of dynamin 1 gene with nicotine dependence in European and African Americans. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34: 1351-1359.

11Beuten, J, Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ, Dupont, RT, Crews, KM, Somes, G, Williams, NJ, Elston, RC and Li, MD (2005) Single- and Multilocus Allelic Variants within the GABAB Receptor Subunit 2 (GABAB2) Gene Are Significantly Associated with Nicotine Dependence. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 76: 859-864.

12Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ and Li, MD (2010) Significant association of glutamate receptor, ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate 3A (GRIN3A), with nicotine dependence in European- and African-American smokers. Human genetics, 127: 503-512.

13Nussbaum, J, Xu, Q, Payne, TJ, Ma, JZ, Huang, W, Gelernter, J and Li, MD (2008) Significant association of the neurexin-1 gene (NRXN1) with nicotine dependence in European- and African-American smokers. Human molecular genetics, 17: 1569-1577.

14Beuten, J, Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ, Dupont, RT, Lou, XY, Crews, KM, Elston, RC and Li, MD (2007) Association of Specific Haplotypes of Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor 2 Gene (NTRK2) with Vulnerability to Nicotine Dependence in African-Americans and European-Americans. Biological psychiatry, 61: 48-55.

15Li, MD, Xu, Q, Lou, XY, Payne, TJ, Niu, T and Ma, JZ (2010) Association and interaction analysis of variants in CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster with nicotine dependence in African and European Americans. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 153B: 745-756.

16Li, MD, Beuten, J, Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ, Lou, XY, Garcia, V, Duenes, AS, Crews, KM and Elston, RC (2005) Ethnic- and gender-specific association of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4 subunit gene (CHRNA4) with nicotine dependence. Human molecular genetics, 14: 1211-1219.

17Cui, WY, Wang, S, Yang, J, Yi, SG, Yoon, D, Kim, YJ, Payne, TJ, Ma, JZ, Park, T and Li, MD (2013) Significant association of CHRNB3 variants with nicotine dependence in multiple ethnic populations. Molecular psychiatry.

18Mangold, JE, Payne, TJ, Ma, JZ, Chen, G and Li, MD (2008) Bitter taste receptor gene polymorphisms are an important factor in the development of nicotine dependence in African Americans. J Med Genet, 45: 578-582.