BASICS OF HYDRAULICS

(SYLLABUS)

University of Petrosani

Faculty: The Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering

Programm Level: Undergraduate

Specialization(s): Industrial Power Engineering

Number of ETCS credits awarded: 5

Class Objectives:

·  The course objective is to address in a natural sequence most representative concepts related to chapters: statics, kinematics, and dynamics.

·  Students will assimilate knowledge about the laws that govern fluid motion and rest, methods of study as well as their technical applications.

·  Learning and applying the concepts, methods, techniques and tools for basic exploration of field of hydraulics.

Lectures content:

Content / Number of lectures
Introduction. The concept of fluid. Continuity hypothesis. Units. Dimensional analysis and similitude (dimensional analysis). / 1
Dimensional analysis and similarity (similarity). The physical properties of fluid (density and specific weight, specific volume, compressibility, thermal expansion). / 1
Physical properties of the fluid (equation of state, cavitation, surface tension, capillarity, the formation of droplets). / 1
Transport phenomena. Fluid statics. Principle of solidification. / 1
Euler's equation. Static pressure head. General equation for variation of pressure in a static fluid. Consequences of equilibrium equations. Variation of pressure vertically in a fluid under gravity. Consequences of hydrostatic law. / 1
The energetic interpretation of hydrostatic law. Geometric and graphical interpretation of the law of hydrostatics. Pressure diagrams. Forces on planar bodies. / 1
Forces on curved bodies. Buoyant forces on submerged bodies. Determination of the volume of a body by weighing. Floating bodies. Initial stability of floating and submerged bodies. / 1
Relative location of reference points. Meta-centre. Meta-centric height. Methods of improving initial stability. Densitometry. Relative equilibrium of fluids. / 1
Relative equilibrium of a liquid in a vessel rotating around a vertical axis. Relative equilibrium of a liquid in a vessel involved in a translational movement. Kinematics of fluid. Kinematic parameters. Lagrangian and Eulerian specifications. / 1
The particle derivative. Streamline, path line and streak line. Linear and shear strain rate. Vorticity an circulation. / 1
Stokes's theorem. Flow rate, average speed. Continuity equation. Fluid dynamics. Euler's equation. / 1
Bernoulli's equation for an ideal fluid. Geometric explanation of Bernoulli's equation. The fundamental equation of the turbo machines. Applications of Bernoulli's equation for incompressible ideal fluid (orifice in a tank, Pitot tube, Pitot-Prandtl tube). / 1
Applications of Bernoulli's equation for incompressible ideal fluid (Venturi tube, ejector).Momentum theorem. Conservation of momentum. Momentum principle for a fixed volume. Angular momentum principle for a fixed volume. Applications: jet action on walls, Euler's equations for turbines. / 1
Navier-Stokes equation. Pipe flow. Energy losses in pipe flow. Local losses. Problems / 1

Practical class content:

Content / Number of classes
Safety procedures. Lab induction. Work procedures. / 1
Viscosity measurements. / 1
Checking the accuracy class of manometers. / 1
Checking the accuracy class of vacuummeters. / 1
Mano-vacuummetric panel. / 1
Reynolds experiment. Laminar and turbulent flow. / 1
Jet action on walls / 1
Flow rate measuring using diaphragm. / 1
Flow rate measuring using rotameters. / 1
Calibration of a diaphragm using Pitot-Prandtl tube. / 1
Differential pressure gauge. / 1
Multiple fluid pressure gauge. / 1
Flow rate measuring using ultrasonic clamp-on flow meter. / 1
Final evaluation and testing for practical classes. / 1

Grading Policy:

The student pass the class if obtain more than 50 points from 100 points.

Classroom Rules of Conduct:

·  Turn off (or place on vibrate) cell phones and pagers during class

·  Food and beverages are not permitted in classroom

·  During exams, the use of cell phones, pagers, PDAs, or any other electronic devices is strictly prohibited

Lecturer: Ion DOSA