Name:______

Semen Analysis

What is the definition of rape? / While precise legal definitions vary by states and jurisdictions, rapeis
the term commonly used to mean ______
sexual intercourse. including vaginal, anal or oral penetration.
Sexual assault statistics / 44% of victims are under the age of 18, 80% of victims are under the age of 30
Every 107 seconds, another American is assaulted. That’s about 293,000 victims a year.
68% of sexual assaults are not reported to the police. 98% of rapists will never spend a day in jail or prison.
Approximately 2/3 of assaults are committed by someone known to the victim.
38% of assailants are a friend or acquaintance.
It is estimated that one in ______women and one in ______men are raped
in their lifetimes in the United States. Together, that's more than______
Characteristics of Semen / Typical ejaculation: 2-5 ml of semen, ______
3 pg DNA/sperm = 480,000 ng DNA/ejaculate
Only ______DNA needed for ______typing!
Seminal fluid
Medium for ejaculation
Enzymes and other proteins
▪  ______(AP)
▪  Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Sperm cells = ______
Barriers to Evidence Collection / Semen is an extremely good source of ______
§  BUT…
¡  Not all ______contain sperm
§  ______blocks sperm from being ejaculated
▪  Semen still produced
▪  DNA typing probably not possible
§  ______
Depending on severity, DNA typing may be possible
Regions of a spermatozoa / Head – acrosome and nucleus (with ______)
Middle Piece (______)
Tail (______)
Presumptive tests for semen / Semen fluoresces under ______
§  UV light
§  Crime Lite (500 nm)
Lots of false positives
______enzyme
§  Advantages
▪  High levels in ______
▪  Very fast, inexpensive
▪  Can be done in the ______
§  Limitations
▪  Activity may be weak or absent in ______
▪  Also present at low levels in vaginal fluid and bacteria
▪  Not species-specific
______(PSA)
§  Major protein in seminal fluid
§  Also detected in urine, fecal matter, sweat, milk but at much lower levels
§  Half-life of dried stain: ______
§  Detected with immunochromatographic test strip assay
Conclusive tests for semen / Microscopic examination
§  “______” stain
▪  Nuclear Fast Red stains nuclei red
▪  Picroindigocarmine stains tails green
▪  Acrosomes don’t stain well in ______sperm
Preserving the crime scene / Victims should make every effort to save anything that might contain the perpetrator’s DNA, therefore a victim should not:
¡  Bathe or shower
¡  Use the restroom
¡  Change clothes
¡  Comb hair
¡  Clean up the crime scene
¡  Move anything the offender may have touched
What is collected in a rape kit? / Blood, urine, hair and other ______samples
______documentation
Collection of the victim’s clothing, especially undergarments
Any possible physical evidence that may have ______onto the victim from the scene
Resources / http://www.endthebacklog.org/
https://www.rainn.org/
www.joyfulheartfoundation.org/