1st Quarter Vocabulary

  1. Silicate mineral: a mineral that contains a combination of silicon, oxygen, and other elements
  2. Nonsilicate mineral: a mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen
  3. Mineral: a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure
  4. Element: a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
  5. Mineral Physical Properties: Ways to identify specific minerals by luster, hardness, color, cleavage or fracture, streak, and special properties
  6. Metamorphic Rock: from other rocks because thermal heat and extreme pressure have been applied it changes the chemical makeup
  7. Igneous Rock: from the melted magma that has cooled and solidified
  8. Sedimentary Rock: from layers of sediment building up in oceans that compacted and cemented together
  9. Sediment: small pieces of rock and soil
  10. Weathering:Breaking rocks, mountains, or ground soil into pieces by wind, rain, or temperatures
  11. Erosion: process by which sediment is removed from its source to low places
  12. Deposition: the action of depositing, dropping material into piles and layers
  13. Foliated: in metamorphic rock when mineral grains are arranged in bands or patterns.
  14. Intrusive Igneous Rock: that cools deep in the Earth below the surface.
  15. Extrusive Igneous Rock: that cools as a result of volcanic activity throwing or seaping outside at the Earth’s surface
  16. Texture: size, shape, and position of grains that make up a rock looks
  17. Uplift: rising of rock layers at faults, Convergent Boundaries
  18. Normal fault: hanging wall moves down relative to footwall, Divergent Boundaries
  19. Reverse Fault: hanging wall moves up relative to footwall, Convergent Boundaries
  20. Sea-Floor Spreading: ocean floor splitting apart, divergent boundaries, at mid-ocean ridges, new oceanic crust forms
  21. Continental Drift: hypothesis that the continents were once one large mass, Pangea, that broke apart and drift around on the asthenosphere
  22. Fossils: Solidified remains of once living organisms that provide evidence that the continental drift
  23. Core: the layer of Earth made mostly of iron and nickel
  24. Inner Core: Solid, iron and nickel
  25. Outer Core: Liquid, iron and nickel
  26. Mantle: Molten rock, comprises 67% of Earth’s mass
  27. Crust: the thin, solid outermost layer above the mantle
  28. Asthenosphere: the layer made of gooey rock that slowly flows, tectonic plates float on
  29. Divergent Boundary: where two plates are moving away from each other
  30. Convergent Boundary: where two plates move towards each other and collide
  31. Transform Boundary: where two plates are moving horizontally past each other
  32. Convection Current: In the mantle, the raising of heated magma, and the sinking of cooler magma, the circular motion causes tectonic plates to move.
  33. Continental to continental convergent: folded mountains form
  34. Continental to oceanic convergent: subduction zone, volcanic mountains
  35. Oceanic to oceanic convergent: subduction zones
  36. Transform, strike-slip boundaries: Earthquakes
  37. Mid-Ocean Ridges: divergent boundaries in the ocean, new oceanic floor
  38. Valley Rifts: divergent boundaries on land
  39. Alfred Wegener: Continental Drift-proof - climate change residue, fossils, land formations
  40. Bioengineering: the application of applying engineering to living things
  41. Benefits: an advantage or profit gained from something
  42. Unintended consequences: results that were not planned for when creating a new product
  43. Prototype: a test model of a product
  44. Independent Variable: a variable whose variation does not depend on that of another, Changed by the scientist, Cause
  45. Dependent Variable: a variable whose value depends on that of another, Changes because of the ID, Effect
  46. Control Variable: Used to compare the results against
  47. Constance: All other factors in an experiment that stays the same.
  48. Volume: the amount in a given space, usually measured in liters
  49. Mass: The amount of matter something has , measured using kilograms