The Study of Developmental Changes from Fertilization to Birth

Bio 255

Exam 1

Practice Test

1. What is embryology?

The study of developmental changes from fertilization to birth.

2. List the levels of human organization. (molecular to organismal)

Molecules, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.

3. List the functions of the muscular system.

Facial expression, movement, posture, stability, heat.

4. List an organ of the reproductive system.

Ex: Ovary, Testes, Uterus, Penis.

5. Describe the anatomical position.

Standing with arms at side, face forward, palms facing forward.

6. What is the anatomical term which means “on the same side’?

Ipsilateral

7. What anatomical term describes something as “away from the head”?

Caudal

8. How does a parasagittal plane divide the body?

Into inequal left and right halves.

9. Organs in body cavities are covered by what membrane?

The body cavities are lined by what membrane?

Viceral serous membrane, parietal serous membrane.

10. Is the cranial cavity considered part of the dorsal cavity? (Y/N)

Yes.

11. Where is the hypogastric region?

Bottom middle of the abdomen.

12. Describe the cellular plasma membrane.

Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and cholesterol.

13. What type of cellular junction provides a channel allowing chemical substances to pass between cells?

Gap junctions

14. The cellular plasma membrane directly surrounds what portion of the cell?

Cytoplasm

15. Which structure tags proteins so they are delivered to their proper location?

Golgi body.

16. What is the term used for structures found in the cytosol of the cell, which are enclosed by membranes?

Organelles.

17. List an example of a diploid cell.

Neuron.

18. Which can be called “reduction division” because the daughter cells produced have a reduced number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid?

Meiosis.

19. The cell grows in size and produces organelles during which stage of the cell cycle?

G1

20. During which phase of cell division are sister chromatids pulled apart?

Anaphase

21. What is the term used to describe the movement of cancer cells from their original site?

Metastasis

22. Which tissue composes the outermost layer of the skin?

Epithelial

23. Which type of tissue lines the stomach?

Epithelial

24. A single layer of tall and narrow cells, such as those that line the intestine would be _simple columnar epithelium .

25. Many layers of cells, with rounded cells at the apical surface, such as those found in the lining of the urinary bladder, would be _transitional epithelium.

26. Which tissue withstands both stretch and compression, being both tough and flexible? This tissue comprises most of the embryonic skeleton and the rings of tissue keeping the trachea open. _hyaline cartilage.

27. Which is composed of striated unbranched multinucleate cells under voluntary control?

Skeletal muscle

28. Which type of cells protect and support other cells in your brain?

Neuroglia

29. Cells that make and maintain loose and dense connective tissue arise from which cells?

Fibroblasts

30. Which membrane is composed of keratinized squamous epithelium with dermis connective tissue beneath?

Cutaneous membrane.

31. Following a heart attach, muscle cells may be replaced by contracted scar tissue. This weakens the heart and can lead to heart failure. What is this process called?

Fibrosis

32. Where does fertilization generally occur?

Uterine tubes

33. What is the sequence of preembryonic structures following fertilization?

Zygote, morula, blastocyst.

34. Organs of the urogenital system are derived from which germ layer?

Mesoderm

35. List the functions of the skin.

Blood reservoir, vitamin D synthesis, protection, thermoregulation, excretion.

36. Which is superficial with blood vessels where vitamin D is made? Loose connective tissue makes up the bulk of this layer.

Papillary region of the dermis

37. Which type of glands produce wax in your external ear canal, providing you with additional waterproofing at this site?

Ceruminous gland.

38. Which type of hair would be found on a fetus?

Lanugo

39. The lunula covers your fingernails ______where the hard keratinized cells of nails are produced.

Matrix

40. The epidermis is derived from which germ layer?

Ectoderm

41. Mobob has primary ciliary diskinesia. He has severe respiratory problems. He is sterile because the tails of his sperm do not move. What cellular structures do not work in Mobob?

Microtubules

42. What is the term for a fertilized egg?

Zygote

43. Which number represents the left iliac region?

9

44. Which number represents the blood vessel?

4

45. What tissue is represented by this picture?

Dense regular connective tissue

46. From the diagram below, which number represents the amniotic cavity?

2

47. From the diagram below, which number represents the umbilical vein?

7

48. Which number represents the stratum lucidum?

2

49. Which number represents the syncytiotrophoblast?

2