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Chapter 2

Fill in the Blank

  1. Sound is produced by the ______of objects.
  2. ______and ______are two properties that are essential for vibration.
  3. The repeated back and forth movement of a vibrating object is called ______motion.
  4. The time taken to complete one full cycle of movement is called ______.
  5. The displacement of a vibrating object at any given instant of time is called ______.
  6. RMS stands for ______.
  7. The typical medium for sound that audiologists deal with is ______.
  8. A sound with a single frequency of vibration is called a ______.
  9. Sine waves are also called ______.
  10. The maximum displacement of a wave is called ______
  11. The amount of force exerted on a specific area is called ______.
  12. The minimum amount of force that can be detected by a healthy human ear is ______dynes/cm2 or ______µPa.
  13. The complete formula to calculate dB IL is ______.
  14. The complete formula to calculate dB SPL is ______.
  15. The duration of sound consists of ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______.
  16. The subjective perception of the frequency of sound is called its ______.
  17. The frequency content of a sound is represented in its ______.
  18. A measure of the discrimination between two sounds is the ______.
  19. The subjective attribute of intensity is called ______.
  20. The units of pitch and loudness are ______and ______, respectively.
  21. The detection of a sound is influenced by its duration. This is referred to as ______.
  22. The faintest intensity level that can be detected is termed ______.
  23. Minimum auditory field (MAF) and minimum auditory pressure (MAP) are measured using ______and ______, respectively.
  24. The abbreviation RETSPL stands for ______.
  25. The three factors that influence the speed of sound are ______, ______, and ______.
  26. The speed of sound in air is ______m/s.
  27. A sound with more than one frequency in it is called ______.
  28. Sounds with very short durations are termed ______.
  29. The human voice can be characterized in terms of its ______and higher frequencies called ______.

True or False

  1. The decibel called be described as a relative, logarithmic unit involving the ratio of a given pressure or power to a reference pressure or power.
  2. The units dB SPL, dB SL, and dB HL can all be interchangeably used.
  3. Loudness and intensity can be used interchangeably with each other.
  4. RETSPLS are the same regardless of the transducer used to measure them.
  5. Sound intensity is indirectly proportional to the distance between the receiver and the source of sound.
  6. Constructive and destructive interference can change the intensity of sound.

Multiple Choice

  1. Which of the following statements is true?
  2. Sound can travel in any medium as long as the medium contains particles.
  3. Sound can travel only in air.
  4. Sound cannot travel in water.
  5. Sound can travel in a vacuum (a space where there are no particles.)
  6. Which of the following property-unit pair is appropriately matched?
  7. Wavelength- Hertz
  8. Frequency – Second
  9. Speed of sound – Meters/second
  10. Time period – cps
  11. The tendency of a body to maintain a state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force is called
  12. Vibration
  13. Elasticity
  14. Inertia
  15. Damping
  16. The wavelength of a sound wave is defined as the distance between
  17. Two successive condensations only
  18. Two successive rarefactions only
  19. Two successive rarefactions or condensations
  20. One rarefaction and the next condensation
  21. The gradual decrease in the amplitude of vibration over time is called
  22. Inertia
  23. Resistance
  24. Damping
  25. Resistance
  26. What is the wavelength of a sound with a frequency of 10 Hz?
  27. 345 m
  28. 3.45 m
  29. 34.5 m
  30. 10 m
  31. Which of the following is related to the amplitude of vibration
  32. Intensity
  33. Wavelength
  34. Frequency
  35. Phase
  36. Psychoacoustics is the branch of science that deals with the
  37. Relation between the anatomy and the physiology of the auditory system
  38. Relation between the anatomy of the auditory system and the physical aspects of sound
  39. Relation between the physical aspects of sound and the physiology of the auditory system
  40. Relation between the physical aspects of sound and the perception of sound
  41. An area with a high concentration of air particles is called
  42. Condensation
  43. Rarefaction
  44. Vacuum
  45. Anechoic chamber
  46. Jane’s threshold for a 2000 Hz pure tone is 40 dB SPL. What is the sensation level for a 2000 Hz presented to Jane at 50 dB SPL?
  47. 50 dB SPL
  48. 40 dB IL
  49. 90 dB HL
  50. 10 dB SL

Short Answer

  1. Name the three dimensions shown in a spectrogram.
  2. List three different sounds that are used by audiologist in their daily practice.
  3. List three properties of sound that are manipulated by audiologists.
  4. Name three noises used by audiologists in their daily practice.
  5. What is the relation between time period and frequency?
  6. How are frequency and wavelength related?
  7. What is the rationale behind the dB as a unit of sound intensity?
  8. Define dB SL.
  9. Define dB HL

Chapter 2

  1. Vibration
  2. Inertia and elasticity
  3. Simple harmonic motion
  4. Time period
  5. Instantaneous displacement
  6. Root mean square
  7. Air
  8. Sine wave
  9. Pure tones
  10. Peak amplitude
  11. Pressure
  12. 0.0002, 20
  13. 10 log (I2/IR)
  14. 20 log (P2/PR)
  15. Onset, rise time, plateau, fall time, offset
  16. Pitch
  17. Spectrum
  18. Just noticeable difference (JND)
  19. Loudness
  20. Mel, phon
  21. Temporal integration
  22. Threshold of audibility
  23. Loudspeakers, earphones
  24. Reference equivalent threshold sound pressure level
  25. Temperature, humidity, barometric pressure
  26. 345
  27. Complex sound
  28. Transients
  29. Fundamental frequency, formants
  30. True
  31. False
  32. False
  33. False
  34. True
  35. True
  36. a, Sound can travel in any medium as long as the medium contains particles
  37. c, Speed of sound – Meters/second
  38. b, Inertia
  39. c, Two successive rarefactions or condensations
  40. c, damping
  41. c, 34.5 m
  42. a, intensity
  43. d, Relation between the physical aspects of sound and the perception of sound
  44. a, Condensation
  45. d, 10 dB SL
  46. Frequency (vertical axis), time (horizontal axis), and intensity (degree of shading)
  47. Sine waves/pure tones, speech, and noise
  48. Intensity, frequency, duration
  49. Broadband noise, narrow band noise, speech spectrum noise
  50. Frequency = 1/Time period. Frequency is the number of cycles in one second, while time period is the time taken to complete one cycle. They are inversely proportional to each other.
  51. Wavelength = Speed of sound/Frequency
  52. The human ear is capable of responding to a huge range of sounds ranging from very soft to painful, when expressed in absolute units such as w/m2 and µPa. In order to compress these numbers into a range that is more practical for clinical use, the logarithm is applied to a ratio of the measured sound power or pressure to a known reference. This unit is called decibel.
  53. The unit dB SL stands for decibel sensation level. It is defined as the level of sound that is above the threshold of audibility or detection. For example, if a person’s threshold of detection for a sound is 10 dB SPL, and the same sound is presented now at 65 dB SPL, the sensation level would be 65 -10 = 55 dB SL.
  54. The unit dB HL stands for decibel hearing level. 0 dB HL is defined as the lowest intensity that a normal hearing person can hear (at any frequency). dB HL can be converted to the corresponding dB SPL using the appropriate RETSPL value. For example, 0 dB HL at 1000 Hz corresponds to 7.5 dB SPL (0 +7.5)when measured using TDH earphones.