High School Physical Science Mid-Term 2014

Use the diagram below to answer question 1-4.

____1.Which letter refers to the negatively charged particles?

____2.Which letter refers to the positively charged particles?

____3.Which letter refers to the particles with no charge?

____4.Which letter refers to the dense center of the atom?

Subatomic Particles
Particle / Mass (amu) / Charge / Location
Proton / 1.0073 / + / Nucleus
Neutron / 1.0087 / Neutral / Nucleus
Electron / 0.0006 / — / Electron Cloud

Use the table below to answer questions 5–7.

____5.According to the table above, which of the following sets of particles has no charge?

  1. 6 protons, 5 neutrons, 4 electrons
  2. 5 protons, 6 neutrons, 5 electrons
  3. 4 protons, 4 neutrons, 6 electrons
  4. 6 protons, 5 neutrons, 5 electrons

____6.According to the table above, about how much mass would a nucleus that is composed of 15 protons and 18 neutrons have?

  1. 15 amu
  2. 18 amu
  3. 23 amu
  4. 33 amu

____7.According to the table above, which of the following statements about the mass of subatomic particles is true?

  1. The particles found in the nucleus are much more massive than the particles found in the electron cloud.
  2. Protons and electrons have about the same mass.
  3. Neutrons are much less massive than protons and electrons.
  4. The positively-charged particles in the nucleus are much more massive than the neutral particles in the nucleus.

Use the diagram below to answer question 8.

____8.What does the number at the top of the square above tell you about carbon?

  1. A carbon has 6 isotopes.
  2. Carbon has an average atomic mass of 6.
  3. A carbon nucleus has 6 protons.
  4. A carbon atom has 6 electrons in its outermost energy level.

Use the diagram below to answer question 9.

____9.Which of the following statements about cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) is true?

  1. Nickel has a greater average atomic mass than cobalt does.
  2. Nickel atoms have more protons than cobalt atoms do.
  3. Cobalt atoms have more electrons than nickel atoms do.
  4. Cobalt and nickel belong to the same group on the periodic table.

____10. Isotopes of an element differ in the number of

  1. Valence electrons
  2. Electrons in the nucleus
  3. Protons in the nucleus
  4. Neutrons in the nucleus

_____11. Atom A contains 8 protons and 8 neutrons. Atom B contains 8 protons and 9 neutrons. Which of the following statements correctly describes the two atoms?

  1. They are isotopes.
  2. They are radioactive.
  3. They are atoms of different elements.
  4. They have the same mass number.

_____12. An atom of chlorine forms an ionic bond when combined with an atom of potassium. However, an atom of chlorine forms a covalent bond when combined with an atom of carbon. What statement correctly describes an electron of chlorine in these two different bonds?

  1. Electrons spend more time closer to the chlorine in the ionic bond
  2. Electrons spend more time closer to the carbon in the covalent bond
  3. Electrons spend equal time around the chlorine and potassium in the ionic bond
  4. Electrons spend equal time around the chlorine and carbon in the ionic bond

____13.Sodium chloride, or table salt, forms when a chlorine atom takes an electron from a neighboring sodium atom. Which of the following describes the force that holds sodium chloride together?

  1. a hydrogen bond
  2. a ionic bond
  3. a metallic bond
  4. a covalent bond

____14.What property of copper allows copper wire to bend without breaking?

  1. Copper atoms have 29 protons.
  2. Copper atoms form metallic bonds with each other.
  3. Copper atoms do not have a full outermost energy level.
  4. Copper is found in Group 11 on the periodic table

____15.Block X and Block Y have the same mass. Both blocks are placed into a container of pure water. Block X floats, and Block Y sinks. Which of the following is an accurate conclusion?

  1. Block Y is heavier than Block X
  2. Block Y is less dense than Block X
  3. Block Y has a smaller volume than Block X
  4. Block Y would float if more water were added


Use the diagram below to answer question 16.

____16.In an experiment that compares the densities of liquids, you must analyze the beaker shown above. Which statement best describes how the densities of the liquids compare?

  1. Liquid M is more dense than Liquid N.
  2. Liquid N is more dense than Liquid L.
  3. Liquid L is more dense than either Liquid M or Liquid N.
  4. Liquid M is more dense than either Liquid L or Liquid N

____17. A group of physical science students made some observations about a metal sample during a lab:

Observations: / Density of Known Samples
Shiny reddish-brown color
Mass: 25.18 grams
Volume: 2.81 cm3 / Magnesium: 1.74g/cm3
Aluminum: 2,7 g.cm3
Copper: 8.96 g.cm3
Silver 10.5 g/cm3

The metal they identified must be:

  1. Aluminum
  2. Copper
  3. Magnesium
  4. Silver

____ 18. The symbol for iron is Fe. The chemical symbol for oxygen is O. The formula for iron oxide, a type of rust, is Fe2O3. How many iron atoms are in one molecule of iron oxide?

  1. 1
  2. 3
  3. 2
  4. 4

____ 19. Nitrogen dioxide is a covalent compound. How many oxygen atoms are in a nitrogen dioxide molecule?

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4

____ 20. Oxygen (O) atoms have six valence electrons and beryllium (Be) atoms have two valence electrons. Which of the following is the correct formula for a compound made of oxygen and beryllium?

  1. BeO
  2. BeO2
  3. BeO6
  4. Be2O6

____21.The correct name for the binary compound, Na2O, is

  1. Sodium oxide
  2. Sodium oxygen
  3. Disodium oxide
  4. Disodium monoxide

____ 22. The correct name for the binary compound, CCl4, is

  1. Carbon chloride
  2. Carbon tetrachloride
  3. Monocarbon chloride
  4. Monocarbon tetrachloride

____ 23. How many oxygen atoms are present in the reactant in this chemical equation? 4Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2O3

  1. 2
  2. 3
  3. 4
  4. 6

____ 24. Which of these uses coefficients correctly to balance this equation?

N2 + H2 → NH3

  1. N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
  2. N2 + H2 → NH3
  3. 2N2 + 2H2 → 4NH3
  4. 3N2 + 4H2 → 6NH3

____ 25. Which example shows where a coefficient is used correctly to balance the equation?

  1. Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
  2. Na + 2Cl2 → 2NaCl
  3. 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl2
  4. 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl

____ 26. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to form water and hydrogen. This reaction is represented by which of these balanced equations?

a.H2O2 2H2O + 2O

b.2H2O2 2H2 + 2O2

c.H2 + 2O H2O

d.2H2O2 2H2O + O2

____ 27. Balancing a chemical equation so that the same number of atoms of each element is found in both the reactants and the products is an example of

  1. activation energy
  2. the law of conservation of mass
  3. the law of conservation of energy
  4. a double-displacement reaction

____ 28. What happens to an unstable nucleus during radioactive decay?

a.The nucleus gives off particles and energy.

b.The nucleus absorbs particles and energy.

c.The nucleus gives off particles and light.

d.The nucleus absorbs particles and X rays.

____ 29. Which of these types of radiation is LEAST dangerous to living cells?

a.alpha particles

b.gamma rays

c.X rays

d.beta particles

____ 30. Which of the following won’t be stopped by paper, but will be stopped by 3 mm of aluminum?

a.alpha particles

b.gamma rays

c.X rays

d.beta particles

____ 31. Which of the following can only be stopped by lead or concrete?

a.alpha particles

b.gamma rays

c.positrons

d.beta particles

____ 32. The half-life of bismuth is 5 days. How much of a 100 gram sample will remain after 20 days?

a.50 g

b.12.5 g

c.6.25 g

d.0 g

____ 33. A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 2.0 years. The fraction of a pure sample of the isotope that will have decayed in 6.0 years is

a.1/8

b.1/3

c.3/4

d.7/8

____ 34. In a fission reaction, the total mass of the products does not equal the total mass of the reactants. Why?

a. Some of the energy changes into matter when nuclei join together.

b. Some of the energy changes into matter when the nucleus breaks apart.

c. Some of the matter changes into energy when nuclei join together.

d. Some of the matter changes into energy when the nucleus breaks apart.

______35. What type of radioactive decay causes a uranium-238 nucleus to change into a thorium-234 nucleus?

a. alpha decay

b. beta decay that releases an electron

c. beta decay that releases a positron

d. gamma decay

____36.Which of the following is the same for both hydrogen and potassium?

a.atomic mass

b.total mass of neutrons

c.number of valence electrons

d.number of filled energy levels

____ 37. Which of the following is the same for both sodium and chlorine?

a.atomic mass

b.total mass of neutrons

c.number of valence electrons

d.number of energy levels

____ 38. As you move from left to right across the periodic table, characteristics of the elements change as well. Which is the correct sequence, moving left to right?

a.metal – nonmetal – metalloid

b.metal – metalloid – nonmetal

c.metalloid – metal – nonmetal

d.nonmetal – metalloid – metal

____ 39. Locate the following elements in the periodic table: Na, Mg, Al, Si. Which element has the most valence electrons?

a.Na

b.Mg

c.Al

d.Si

____40.Which of these statements is true?

a.Metals tend to lose electrons and form positive ions

b.Nonmetals tend to lose electrons and form positive ions

c.Metalloids do not form compounds easily

d.Noble gases share electrons and form positive ions

____41.Elements from which two groups in the periodic table would most likely combine with each other to form an ionic compound?

a.1 and 2

b.16 and 17

c.2 and 18

d.1 and 17

____ 42. Which of these elements would you expect to be solid at room temperature?

a.N

b.O

c.Ca

d.Ne

_____ 43. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine make up Group 17, the halogens. Why are these elements grouped together?

  1. They are all very reactive nonmetals that have similar chemical properties.
  2. They are all nonreactive gases that have similar physical properties.
  3. Their atoms all have 8 electrons in their outer energy levels.
  4. They all have the same atomic number.



Use the diagrams below to answer question 44.


____ 44. As you view the illustrations from left to right, from one state of matter to another, which of these statements is correct?

  1. The average kinetic energy of the molecules decreases
  2. The average kinetic energy of the molecules increases
  3. The attractive force between the molecules increases
  4. The average temperature decreases

Use the figure below to answer questions 45 and 46. Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided.

____ 45. Which of the changes of state shown in the drawing require adding energy?

  1. freezing and evaporation
  2. freezing and condensation
  3. evaporation and melting
  4. condensation and melting

____ 46. Which of the changes of state shown in the drawing require removing energy?

  1. freezing and evaporation
  2. condensation and freezing
  3. evaporation and condensation
  4. melting and evaporation

interpreting graphics

Use the graph below to answer the questions that follow.

_____47.What is the boiling point of the substance?

a. 0oC

b. 20oC

c. 80oC

d. The answer cannot be determined from the graph

______48.What is the melting point?

a. 0oC

b. 20oC

c. 80oC

d. The answer cannot be determined from the graph

______49.Which state is present at 30°C?

a. solid

b. liquid

c. gas

d. plasma

______50.How will the substance change if energy is added to the liquid at 20°C?

  1. it will change from a liquid to a solid
  2. it will turn from solid to a liquid
  3. it will turn from a liquid to a gas
  4. it will turn from a gas to a liquid

____51. Balloons can be twisted into shapes because

  1. the volume of a gas is constant.
  2. particles of gas can be compressed.
  3. volume is measured in two dimensions.
  4. the force exerted changes the number of particles.

____52. Xavier filled up a balloon to its maximum capacity inside his air-conditioned home. He walked outside into the intense summer heat. According to the gas laws, what could happen to his balloon?

  1. It could pop because the increase in temperature would cause an increase in volume.
  2. It could pop because the increase in temperature would cause a decrease in pressure.
  3. It could get smaller because the increase in temperature would cause a decrease in pressure.
  4. It could get smaller because the increase in temperature would cause a decrease in volume.

____53. The pilot of a hot air balloon can change the altitude of the hot air balloon by changing the temperature of the gas inside the balloon. When the gas is heated, the balloon rises. Which of the following BEST explains this phenomenon?

  1. Heating the gas reduces its pressure.
  2. Heating the gas decreases its density.
  3. Heating the gas decreases its molecular motion.
  4. Heating the gas reduces the frequency of the gas molecules’ collisions.

____ 54. If the volume of the hot air balloon remains constant, what happens as the temperature of the air inside the balloon increases?

  1. The pressure inside the balloon decreases.
  2. The pressure inside the balloon increases.
  3. The kinetic energy of the air inside the balloon decreases.
  4. The attractive forces between the air particles inside the balloon increases.

____ 55. The more solute that can be dissolved in a solvent, the greater the solubility of the

  1. solute
  2. solvent
  3. solution
  4. saturation

____ 56. What does it mean when a mixture is said to have reached saturation at a given temperature and pressure?

  1. a dilute solution has formed
  2. there is more solute than solvent in the mixture
  3. as much solute as possible is dissolved in the solvent
  4. the solute and the solvent have formed a heterogeneous mixture

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Use the diagram below to answer questions 56 and 57.

56. The graph above was constructed from data collected during a laboratory investigation. Which of the following values is the amount of sodium nitrate that can dissolve in 100 mL of water at 40°C?

  1. 0 g
  2. 40 g
  3. 100 g
  4. 130 g

57. . Ka-wai makes a solution which contains the maximum amount of sodium chlorate that can dissolve in 100 mL of water at 0°C. He heats the solution to 60°C. How much additional sodium chlorate must he add to once again have a solution that has the maximum amount of sodium chlorate dissolved in it at this new temperature?

  1. 2 g
  2. 40 g
  3. 50 g
  4. 80 g

58. A student pours mineral salts into a bottle of cold water. Which of the following best explains why shaking the bottle will affect the dissolving rate of the salt?

  1. shaking exposes the salts to the solvent more quickly
  2. shaking helps more water to evaporate
  3. shaking causes more ions to precipitate out of solution
  4. shaking equalizes the water temperature

pH of Common Household Substances
Substance / pH
Lemon juice / 2.2
Vinegar / 4.0
Milk / 6.5
Ammonia / 12.0

Use the table to answer question 59 & 60.

------59. The pH of some common household substances is listed in the table. Which substance would most likely feel slippery?

a. lemon juice

b. vinegar

c. milk

d. ammonia

------60. The pH of some common household substances is listed in the table. Which substances would taste sour?

a. lemon juice and milk

b. vinegar and ammonia

c. milk and ammonia

d. lemon juice and vinegar

------61. The transfer of heat energy through direct contact is known as?

a. convection

b. conduction

c. radiation

------62. Heat travels through liquids by

a. convection

b. conduction

c. radiation

------63. Heat from the sun reaches Earth through

a. convection

b. conduction

c. radiation

------64. Thermal energy always flows from

a. a gas to a liquid

b. a liquid to a solid

c. a warmer region to a cooler region

d. a freezing material to a boiling material

------65. Thermal energy always flows from

a. a gas to a liquid

b. a liquid to a solid

c. a warmer region to a cooler region

d. a freezing material to a boiling material

____66.A 0.4 kg aluminum part increases its temperature by 25C. How much thermal energy is transferred to the part by heat? (specific heat of aluminum = 900 J/kg•C)

a.900 J

b.9,000 J

c.14.4 J

d.9,000 Cal

____67.The lowest possible temperature is

a.0F.

b.0 K.

c.0C.

d.273 K.

Questions 68 – 70:A group of students sets up an experiment. They place a thermometer in a mitten and another thermometer on the table next to the mitten. They leave the two thermometers for 24 hours. The temperature in the room remains the same. The students return the next day to check their thermometers.

68. What is the most likely result for the temperature readings on the two thermometers?

  1. the one in the mitten will have a higher temperature
  2. the one on the table will have a higher temperature
  3. the thermometers will have the same temperature
  4. there is no way to predict the results

69. In this experiment, what is the independent or manipulated variable?

  1. the location of the thermometer in or out of the mitten
  2. the temperature of the room
  3. the temperature recorded the next day
  4. the material the mitten is made out of

70. In this experiment, what is the dependent or responding variable?

  1. the location of the thermometer in or out of the mitten
  2. the temperature of the room
  3. the temperature recorded the next day
  4. the material the mitten is made out of