1

Professor Pamela Conover

Office Hours: Mon and Wed 10:00- 11:30 and by appt.

363 Hamilton Hall

Office Phone: 962-0424

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POLITICAL SCIENCE 342

THE POLITICS OF SEXUALITY

SPRING, 2000

INTRODUCTION: This course explores the role of queers as political actors in the United States, both as individuals and collectively. This joint focus on individual and collective activity necessitates an examination of both the politicization of sexual identities and their social construction through the law and cultural practices. This examination is framed theoretically in terms of the "politics of recognition” literature as well as contemporary gay, lesbian and queer theories.

CONDUCT OF THE CLASS: Class time will be spent in a combination of professor and student-led discussion. Because discussion will play a major role in the class, students are expected to keep up with the readings on a week-to-week basis and to come to class with relevant questions.

REQUIREMENTS

Grades are based on the following:

  • Class discussion responsibilities during the semester: 35%.
  • Writing exercise: 35%

Students have two options for fulfilling this requirement. Option One involves writing three short (2000-2500) papers based on selections from the “recommended” and “additional” categories from three different weeks of readings, and then a short oral presentation. The subject is open to student choice. Option Two involves writing one research paper of substantial length (at least 6000 words) on a topic of the student’s choosing.

  • Final exam: 25%

A list of possible examination questions will be distributed several weeks before the end of the semester. I will then select from that list 3 questions for students to write on at a time of their choosing during the final exam period. The exam will be open book and open note and will last 4-5 hours.

BOOKS:

William Eskridge, Jr. GayLaw: Challenging the Apartheid of the Closet

Janet Halley, Don’t: A Reader’s Guide to the Military’s Anti-Gay Policy

Edward Stein, The Mismeasure of Desire: The Science, Theory and Ethics of Sexual Orientation

Warner, Michael. 1999. The Trouble with Normal: Sex, Politics, and the Ethics of Queer Life

CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

1/17MARTIN LUTHER KING DAY: No Class

1/241.Introduction

POLITICS OF IDENTITY

1/312.Categories and Identity: Sex, Gender, and Sexual Orientation

REQUIRED READINGS:

  • Hacking, Ian. “Making Up People” in Thomas Heller, Morton Sosna, and David Wellerby (eds.), Reconstructing Individualism: Autonomy, Individuality, and the Self in Western Thought.
  • Stein, Edward. 1999. The Mismeasure of Desire, Part 1: Metaphysics, pp. 3-118; “Chp. 9: Sexual Orientation and Choice” & “Chp. 10: Lesbian and Gay Rights and the Science of Sexual Orientation”, pp. 258-304
  • Rubin, Gayle. “Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality”, in Carole S. Vance (ed), Pleasure and Danger.

RECOMMENDED READINGS:

  • Boswell, John. 1992. “Concepts, Experience and Sexuality”. In Edward Stein (ed.), Forms of Desire: Sexual Orientation and the Social Constructionist Controversy.
  • Kulick, Don. 1999. “Transgender and Language: A Review of the Literature and Suggestions for the Future.” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 5, 605-622.

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

  • Bloom, Amy. 1994. “The Body Lies.” The New Yorker, July 18, 1994.
  • Boswell, John. 1989. “Revolutions, Universals and Sexual Categories”. In Martin Duberman, Martha Vicinus and George Chauncey (eds.), Hidden From History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past
  • Mezey, Naomi. 1995. “Dismantling the Wall: Bisexuality and the Possibilities of Sexual Identity Classification Based on Acts.” 10 Berkeley Women’s Law Journal, 98 (1995).
  • Mort, Frank. 1994. “Essentialism Revisited? Identity Politics and Late Twentieth-Century Discourses of Homosexuality.” In Jeffrey Weeks (ed.), The Lesser Evil and the Greater Good: The Theory of Politics and Social Diversity, 201-221.
  • Nelson, James L. 1998. “The Silence of the Bioethicists: Ethical and Political Aspects of Managing Gender Dysphoria”, in GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, v.4 (1998): 213-230.
  • Plummer, Ken. 1996. “Symbolic Interactionism and the Forms of Homosexuality.” In Steven Seidman (ed.), Queer Theory/Queer Sociology, 64-82.
  • Robertson, Jennifer. 1999. “Dying to Tell: Sexuality and Suicide in Imperial Japan.” Signs, 25, 1-36.
  • Whisman, Vera. 1996. Queer by Choice
  • Young, Stacey. 1997. “Dichotomies and Displacement: Bisexuality in Queer Theory and Politics.” In Shane Phelan (ed.), playing with fire

2/73.Identity Work: Formation, Articulation and Performance

REQUIRED READINGS:

  • Benhabib, Seyla. 1999. “Sexual Difference and Collective Identities: The New Global Constellation.” Signs, v. 24: 335-361
  • Butler, Judith. 1993. “Introduction” & “Chp. 1: Bodies that Matter”, in Bodies that Matter, pp. 1-56.
  • Weeks, Jeffrey. 1995. Invented Moralities, Chp. 3: “Necessary Fictions: Sexual Identities and the Politics of Diversity”, pp. 82-123.

RECOMMENDED READINGS:

  • Anderson, Amanda. 1998. “Debatable Performances: Restaging Contentious Feminisms.” Social Text 54, 16,
  • Bravmann, Scott. 1996. “Postmodernism and Queer Identities.” In Steven Seidman (ed.), Queer Theory/Queer Sociology, 333-361.
  • Fraser, Nancy. 1995. “Pragmatism, Feminism, and the Linguistic Turn.” In Linda Nicholson (ed.), Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange, 157-172.

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

  • Benhabib, Seyla. 1995. “Feminism and Postmodernism”. In Linda Nicholson (ed.), Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange, 17-34.
  • Benhabib, Seyla. 1995. “Subjectivity, Historiography, and Politics.” In Linda Nicholson (ed.), Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange, 107-126.
  • Butler, Judith. 1995. “Contingent Foundations.” In Linda Nicholson (ed.), Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange, 35-58.
  • Butler, Judith. 1995. “For A Careful Reading.” In Linda Nicholson (ed.), Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange, 127-144.
  • Butler, Judith. 1995. “Collected and Fractured: Response to Identities”. In K.A. Appiah and H.L. Gates Jr. (eds.), Identities, pp.439-448.
  • Esterberg, Kristin G. 1997. Lesbian & Bisexual Identities: Constructing Communities, Constructing Selves. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
  • Foster, Susan Leigh. 1998. “Choreographies of Gender.” Signs, 24, 1-33.
  • Fraser, Nancy. 1995. “False Antitheses: A Response to Seyla Benhabib and Judith Butler.” In Linda Nicholson (ed.), Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange, 59-74.
  • Fuss, Diane (ed.) 1991. Inside/Out.
  • Fuss, Diane. 1989. Essentially Speaking: Feminism, Nature and Difference. New York: Routledge.
  • Fuss, Diane. 1995. “Fashion and the Homospectorial Look” & “Look Who’s Talking or If Looks Could Kill”. In K.A. Appiah and H.L. Gates Jr. (eds.), Identities, pp. 90-114; 424-433.
  • Fuss, Diane. 1995. Identification Papers.
  • Harper, Philip Brian. 1997. “Gay Male Identities, Personal Privacy, and Relations of Public Exchange: Notes on Directions for Queer Critique.” Social Text 52/53, 15, 5-29.
  • Meijer, Irene Costera and Baukje Prins. 1998. “How Bodies Come To Matter: An Interview with Judith Butler.” Signs, 23, 275-286,
  • Prosser, Jay. 1998. “Judith Butler: Queer Feminism, Transgender, and the Transubstantiation of Sex”, Second Skins: The Body Narratives of Transsexuality, pp. 21-60.
  • Rothenberg, Molly Ann & Joseph Valente, “Fashionable Theory and Fashionable Women: Returning Fuss’s Homospectorial Look”. In K.A. Appiah and H.L. Gates Jr. (eds.), Identities, pp. 413-423.
  • Rust, Paula C. 1995. Bisexuality and the Challenge to Lesbian Politics. New York: NYU Press.

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2/144.Heteronormativity: On The Possibility of Recognition

REQUIRED READINGS:

  • Eskridge, William. 1999. “Introduction”, “Chp. 1: Masquerade and the Law, 1880-1946”, “Chp. 2: Kulturkampf and the Threatening Closet, 1946-1961“, in Gaylaw, pp. 1-97. (SKIM)
  • Fraser, Nancy. 1997. “Heterosexism, Misrecognition, and Capitalism: A Response to Judith Butler.” Social Text 52/53, 15, 279-289.
  • Richards, David A. 1999. “Identity and Justice”, Identity and the Case for Gay Rights, 171-202.
  • Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. 1990. “Introduction” and “Chp. 1: Epistemology of the Closet” in Epistemology of the Closet, pp. 1-90.
  • Warner, Michael. 1999. “Chp. 1: The Ethics of Sexual Shame”, The Trouble with Normal: Sex, Politics, and the Ethics of Queer Life, pp. 1-40.

RECOMMENDED READINGS:

  • Appiah, Kwame Anthony. 1994 “Identity, Authenticity, Survival: Multicultural Societies and Social Reproduction.” In Amy Gutmann (ed.), Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition, 149-163.
  • Burrington, Debra. 1998. “The Public Square and Citizen Queer: Toward a New Political Geography.” Polity, 31, 107-131.
  • Butler, Judith. 1997. “Introduction: On Linguistic Vulnerability”, Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative”.
  • Butler, Judith. 1997. “Merely Cultural.” Social Text 52/53, 15, 265-277.
  • Ingraham, Chrys. 1994. “The Heterosexual Imaginary: Feminist Sociology and Theories of Gender.” Sociological Theory, 12, 203-219.
  • Rich, Adrienne. 1983. “Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence”, Signs, 6 (4), 631-60.
  • Taylor, Charles. 1994. “The Politics of Recognition.” In Amy Gutmann (ed.), Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition, 25-74.

ADDITIONAL READINGS

  • Adams, Barry D. 1996. “Structural Foundations of the Gay World.” In Steven Seidman (ed.), Queer Theory/Queer Sociology, 111-126.
  • Gross, Larry. 1993. Contested Closets: The Politics and Ethics of Outing.
  • Halley, Janet. 1994. “Sexual Orientation and the Politics of Biology: A Critique of the Argument from Immutability.” Stanford Law Review, 46, 503.
  • Signorile, Michelangelo. 1991 Queer in America: Sex, the Media, and the Closets of Power. New York: Anchor Books

2/215.Negotiating Multiple Identities

REQUIRED READINGS:

  • Calhoun, Cheshire. 1995. “The Gender Closet: Lesbian Disappearance under the Sign ‘Women’”. Feminist Studies, 21 (#1):
  • Cohen, Cathy. 1996. “Contested Membership: Black Gay Identities and the Politics of AIDS”. In S. Seidman (ed.), Queer Theory/Queer Sociology, pp. 362-394.
  • Halberstam, Judith. 1998. “Transgender Butch: Butch/FTM Border Wars and the Masculine Continuum”. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, v.4, 287-310.
  • Phelan, Shane. 1994. “Chp. 3: (Be)Coming Out: Lesbian Identity and Politics”, in Getting Specific: Postmodern Lesbian Politics, pp. 41-56.
  • Vaid, Urvashi. 1995. Virtual Equality: The Mainstreaming of Gay & Lesbian Liberation. “Chp. 9: Divided We Stand”, pp. 274-306.

RECOMMENDED READINGS:

  • Cohen, Cathy & Tamara Jones. 1999. “Fighting Homophobia versus Challenging Heterosexism: ‘The Failure to Transform’ Revisited”. In Eric Brandt (ed.), Dangerous Liaisons: Blacks, Gays, and the Struggle For Equality, pp. 80-101.
  • Felski, Rita. 1997. “The Doxa of Difference.” Signs, 23, 1-22 (plus commentaries).

ADDITIONAL READINGS

  • Clarke, Cheryl. 1999. “The Failure To Transform: Homophobia in the Black Community”. In Eric Brandt (ed.), Dangerous Liaisons: Blacks, Gays, and the Struggle For Equality, pp.31-44.
  • Gomez, Jewel. 1999. “Black Lesbians: Passing, Stereotypes and Transformations.” In Eric Brandt (ed.), Dangerous Liaisons: Blacks, Gays, and the Struggle For Equality, pp. 161-177.
  • Hale, Jacob C. 1998. “Consuming the Living, Dis(re)membering the Dead in the Butch/FTM Borderlands.” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, v.4, 311-34.
  • Weston, Kath. 1996. Render Me, Gender Me: Lesbians Talk Sex, Class, Color, Nation, Studmuffins…

2/286.Liberal Theory and Mainstreaming Politics

REQUIRED READINGS:

  • Eskridge, William. 1999. “Chp. 3: Coming Out and Challenging the Closet, 1961-1981”, in Gaylaw, pp. 98-137.
  • Epstein, Steven. 1999. “Gay and Lesbian Movements in the United States: Dilemmas of Identity, Diversity and Political Strategy”. In Barry D. Adam, Jan Willem Duyvendak & André Krouwel, The Global Emergence of Gay and Lesbian Politics, pp. 30-90.
  • Sullivan, Andrew. 1995. Virtually Normal: An Argument About Homosexuality, especially Chp. 4: “The Liberals”, and Chp. 5: “A Politics of Homosexuality”.

RECOMMENDED READINGS:

  • Epstein, Steven. 1987. “Gay Politics, Ethnic Identity: The Limits of Social Constructionism. Socialist Review, 93/94, 9-54.
  • Vaid, Urvashi. 1995. Virtual Equality: The Mainstreaming of Gay & Lesbian Liberation, Chps. 1-4, pp. 1-147.

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

  • Lehr, Valerie. 1999. “Chp. 1: Rights, Freedom and the Limits of Inclusion”, Queer Family Values: Debunking the Myth of the Nuclear Family, pp. 14-42.
  • Lehring, Gary. ”Essentialism and the Political Articulation of Identity”. In Shane Phelan (ed.), playing with fire, pp. 173-200.
  • Mohr, Richard D. 1988. “Part 3: The State as a Civil Shield”, Gays Justice: A Study of Ethics, Society, and Law, pp. 137-214.
  • Nussbaum, Martha C. 1999. “A Defense of Lesbian and Gay Rights,” Sex and Social Justice, pp. 184-212.
  • Richards, David A. 1998. “The Case for Gay Rights”, Women, Gays, and the Constitution”, pp. 288-373.
  • Salokar, Rebecca Mae. 1997. “Beyond Gay Rights Litigation: Using a Systemic Strategy to Effect Political Change in the United States”, GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, v3 (#4): 385-416.
  • Seidman, Steven. 1997. “Chp. 6: Identity and politics in a “postmodern” gay culture”, Difference Troubles: Queering Social Theory and Sexual Politics, pp. 109-138.
  • Smith, Ralph R. 1999. “Identity in Political Context: Lesbian/Gay Representation in the Public Sphere.” Journal of Homosexuality, 37, 25-

3/67.Queer Theory

REQUIRED EADINGS:

  • Butler, Judith. 1997. “Critically Queer”. In Shane Phelan (ed.), playing with fire, pp. 11-30. (or in GLQ, 1; or in Bodies that Matter).
  • Morton, Donald. 1993. “The Politics of Queer Theory in the (Post) Modern Moment.” Genders, 17, 121-45.
  • Seidman, Steven. 1997. “Chp. 7: Deconstructing queer theory, or, some difficulties in a theory and politics of difference”, Difference Troubles: Queering Social Theory and Sexual Politics, pp. 139-164.
  • Warner, Michael. 1999. “Chp. 2: What’s Wrong with Normal”, The Trouble with Normal: Sex, Politics, and the Ethics of Queer Life, pp. 41-80.

RECOMMENDED READINGS:

  • de Lauretis, Teresa. 1991. “Queer Theory: Lesbian and Gay Sexualities”, differences, 3 (#2): iii-xviii.
  • Stein, Arlene and Ken Plummer. 1994. “’I Can’t Even Think Straight’: ‘Queer’ Theory and the Missing Sexual Revolution in Sociology”, Sociological Theory, 12, 178-87.

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

  • Berlant, Lauren and Michael Warner. 1995. “What Does Queer Theory Teach Us About X?” PMLA, 110, 343-349.
  • Butler, Judith. 1994. “Against Proper Objects.” differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, 6, 1-27.
  • Duggan, Lisa. 199?. “The Theory Wars, or Who’s Afraid of Judith Butler?” Journal of Women’s History, v10 (#1):
  • Duggan, Lisa. 1994. “Queering the State”, Social Text, 39, 1-14.
  • Elliot, Patricia and Katrina Roen. 1998. “Transgenderism and the Question of Embodiment: Promising Queer Politics?” GLQ, 4, 231-261.
  • Martin, Biddy. 1997. “Sexualities without Genders and Other Queer Utopias.” Femininity Played Straight, pp. 71-96.
  • Martin, Biddy. 1994. “Extraordinary Homosexuals and the Fear of Being Ordinary.” Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, 6, 100-126.
  • Miller, James. 1999. “Is Bad Writing Necessary? George Orwell, Theodor Adorno, and the Politics of Literature”. Lingua Franca, 9 (#9):
  • O’Driscoll, Sally. 1996. “Outlaw Readings: Beyond Queer Theory.” Signs, 22, 30-51.
  • Patton, Cindy. 1993. “Tremble, Hetero Swine!” In Michael Warner (ed.), Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory, pp.143-177.
  • Phelan, Shane. Getting Specific: Postmodern Lesbian Politics.
  • Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. 1993. “Queer and Now”, Tendencies, pp.1-22.
  • Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. 1993. “Queer Performativity: Henry James’s The Art of the Novel.” GLQ: Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 1, 1-16.
  • Seidman, Steven. 1996. “A Queer Encounter: Sociology and the Study of Sexuality.” In Steven Seidman (ed.), Queer Theory/Queer Sociology, 145-167.
  • Siegel, Lee. 1998. “The Gay Science: Queer Theory, Literature, and the Sexualization of Everything.” The New Republic, Nov. 9 1998, 30-42.
  • Thomas, Calvin. 1997. “Straight with a Twist: Queer Theory and the Subject of Homosexuality.” Genders, 26, 83-115.
  • Walters, Suzanna Danuta. 1996. “From Here to Queer: Radical Feminism, Postmodernism, and the Lesbian Menace (Or Why Can’t a Woman Be More Like A Fag?).” Signs, 21, 830-879.
  • Warner, Michael. 1993. “Introduction”. In Michael Warner (ed.), Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory, pp. vii-xxxi.
  • Wingrove, Elizabeth. 1999. “Interpellating Sex.” Signs, 24, 869-894.

3/13SPRING BREAK: No Class

QUEERING THE LAW

3/208.Construction of a “Homosexual Identity” and the Law

REQUIRED READINGS:

  • Bower, Lisa. 1994. “Queer Acts and the Politics of ‘Direct Address’: Rethinking Law, Culture, and the Community.” Law & Society Review, 28, 1009-1033.
  • Eskridge, William. 1999. “Chp. 4: Hardwick and Historiography”, Gaylaw, pp. 149-173.
  • Halley, Janet. 1989. “The Politics of the Closet: Towards Equal Protection for Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Identity”, UCLA Law Review, 36, 915-76.
  • Law, Sylvia A. 1988. “Homosexuality and the Social Meaning of Gender”, Wisconsin Law Review, 1988, 187-235.

RECOMMENDED READINGS:

  • Gerstmann, Evan. 1999. The Constitutional Underclass: Gays, Lesbians, and the Failure of Class-Based Equal Protection.
  • Halley, Janet. 1993. “The Construction of Heterosexuality”. In Michael Warner (ed.), Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory, pp. 82-101.
  • Sunstein, Cass. 1997. “Homosexuality and the Constitution.” In David M. Estlund and Martha C. Nussbaum (eds.), Sex, Preference and Family, pp. 208-226.

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

  • Babst, Gordon A. 1997. “Community, Rights Talk, and the Communitarian Dissent in Bowers v. Hardwick”. In Shane Phelan (ed.), playing with fire, pp. 139-172.
  • Cole, David and William N. Eskridge, 1994. “From Hand-Holding to Sodomy: First Amendment Protection of Homosexual (Expressive) Conduct”, Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, 29, 319-351.
  • Gorton, Don. 1998. "The Origins of Anti-Sodomy Laws". Harvard Gay and Lesbian Review, Winter 1998: 10-13.
  • Goldstein, Ann B. 1988. “History, Homosexuality, and Political Values: Searching for the Hidden Determinants of Bowers v. Hardwick.” Yale Law Journal, 97, 1073.
  • Gould, Meredith. 1979. “Sex, Gender, and the Need for Legal Clarity: The Case of Transsexualism”, Valparaiso University Law Review, 13, 423-450.
  • Halley, Janet. 1993. “Reasoning About Sodomy: Act and Identity in and after Bowers v. Hardwick”, Virginia Law Review, 79, 1721-1777.
  • Halley, Janet. 1997. “Chp. 9: The Sexual Economist and Legal Regulation of the Sexual Orientations”, In David M. Estlund and Martha C. Nussbaum (eds.), Sex, Preference and Family, pp. 192-207.
  • Hayes, John Charles. 1990. “The Tradition of Prejudice versus the Principle of Equality: Homosexuals and Heightened Equal Protection Scrutiny after Bowers v. Hardwick.” Boston College Law Review, 31, 375-475.
  • Pearlman, Leslie. 1995. “Transsexualism as Metaphor: The Collision of Sex and Gender”, Buffalo Law Review, 43(Winter), 835-872.
  • Posner, Richard. 1997. “The Economic Approach to Homosexuality.” In David M. Estlund and Martha C. Nussbaum (eds.), Sex, Preference and Family, pp. 173-191.
  • Ruskola, Teena. 1996. “Minor Disregard: The Legal Construction of the Fantasy that Gay and Lesbian Youth Do Not Exist.” Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, 8, ???

3/279.“Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”: Gays in the Military

REQUIRED READINGS:

  • Butler, Judith. 1997. “Chp. 3: Contagious Word—Paranoia and ‘Homosexuality’ in the Military”, Excitable Speech, pp. 103-126.
  • Eskridge, William Jr. 1999. “Chp. 5: The Sexualized First Amendment”, in Gaylaw, pp. 174-204.
  • Halley, Janet. 1999. Don’t: A Reader’s Guide to the Military’s Anti-Gay Policy.

RECOMMENDED READINGS:

  • Kavanagh, Kay. 1995. “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell: Deception Required, Disclosure Denied”, Psychology, Public Policy and Law, 1, 142-60.
  • Mazur, Diane H. 1996. “The Unknown Soldier: A Critique of ‘Gays in the Military’ Scholarship and Litigation.” U.C. Davis Law Review, 29, 223-281.
  • Thomas, Kendall. 1993. “Shower/Closet.” Assemblage, 20, 80-81.
  • Yoshimo, Kenji. 1998. “Assimilationist Bias in Equal Protection: The Visibility Presumption and the Case of ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’.” Yale Law Journal, 108, 485-571.

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

  • Backer, Larry Catá. 1999. “Toleration, Suppression and the Public/Private Divide: ‘Homosexuals’ Through Military Eyes.” Tulsa Law Review, 34, 537-554.
  • Bérubé, Allan and John D’Emilio. 1984. “The Military and Lesbians During the McCarthy Years.” Signs, 9, 759-75.
  • Britton, Dana M. and Christine L. Williams. 1995. “’Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell, Don’t Pursue’: Military Policy and the Construction of Heterosexual Masculinity.” Journal of Homosexuality, 3, 1-21.
  • Carolan, Bruce. 1999. “An Army of Lovers? Queering the Ministry of Defence Report of the Homosexual Policy Assessment Team.” Tulsa Law Review, 34, 555-566.
  • Herek, Gregory M., Jared B. Jobe, and Ralph M. Carney. (eds.) 1996. Out in Force: Sexual Orientation and the Military
  • Mazur, Diane H. 1999. “A Call to Arms.” Harvard Women’s Law Journal, 22, 39-88. (criticism of feminist legal commentary on women in the military)
  • Mazur, Diane H. 1997. “Re-making Distinctions on the Basis of Sex: Must Gay Women be Admitted to the Military Even if Gay Men are Not?” Ohio State Law Journal, 58, 953-1002.
  • Ruby, Sam. 1997. “’Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ and the National Guard: Federal Policies on Homosexuality in the Military vs. the Militia Clauses

4/310.Discrimination Law