Soc213(001) Social Deviance Bogart Q5a: Ch.2: Positivist Theories 09/03/02

21a. Unlike structural strain and social learning theorists, control theorists generally accept the

Freudian assumption that A. humans are naturally deviant, B. biology is destiny, C. humans are

free agents, D. sex is the primary motivation in human behavior, E. much human deviance goes

unrecognized (p. 27)

22a. Merton (1938) theorized that society creates deviance by _____ but people vary in their

_____. A. institutional dysfunction, institutional involvement; B. goals-means gaps, response to

the strain; C. level of stress, resources for coping; D. "surrogate parenting", identification with the

state as parent, E. status frustration, status aspirations. (pp. 18-19)

23a. In Hirschi's social bond model, _____ is illustrated by respecting ones parents or teachers

and _____ is illustrated by staying busy in doing chores or homework. A. attachment, commitment; B. attachment, involvement; C. attachment, belief, D. commitment, attachment. (p.

28)

24a. According to Thio, Glaser's (1956) learning theory can explain why lawyers do not become

criminals (despite extensive association with them) by the key factor of A. differential role

models, B. excess of non-criminal contacts, C. techniques of neutralization, D. limited illegitimate opportunities, E. differential reinforcement. (p. 24)

25a. In a summary critique of the deterrence doctrine, Thio concludes the evidence A. clearly

supports deterrence, B. weakly supports deterrence, C. weakly contradicts deterrence, D. strongly

refutes deterrence, E. is mixed as to whether deterrence is or is not effective. (p. 33)

Soc213(002) Social Deviance Bogart Q5b: Ch.2: Positivist Theories 09/03/02

21b. Unlike strain and learning theorists, control theorists address what causes A. deviance, B. crime, C.

juvenile delinquency, D. conformity, E. innovation. (p. 27)

22b. According to Cohen (1955) lower class boys share basic status needs with middle class boys

but differ in _____. A. where they can satisfy them. B. how soon they expect them to be met; C.

their ability to meet them symbolically, D. their rate of sexual maturation, E. the availability of

male role models and mentors at home. (pp. 20-21)

23b. In recent publications, Hirschi (see, e.g., Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1994) has concluded that

____ is far more important in explaining deviance than the social bond. A. one parent families,

B. race and ethnicity, C. weak self control, D. life in an urban ghetto, E. Attention Deficit

Syndrome. (p. 28)

24b. Brainthwaite (1989) distinguishes between two types of disintegrative shaming and _____ which is best

illustrated by _____. Reactive, America; B. didactic, America; D. dysfunctional, Japan; D. reintegrative,

Japan; E. responsive, Israel. (pp. 28-29).

25b. According to Thio, control theory most clearly fails to consider A. victimless crimes, B. individual

differences in response to punishment, C. professionalization of crime, D. voluntary choices to be deviant, E.

that social control can cause deviance and crime. (p. 31)