Supplementary Table 1. Detailed information of NDV isolates used in this study.

/ Accession No. / Virus Designation / Cleavage Site / ICPI / MDT / Genotype/Class / Pathotype / Host / Location
1 / AF077761.1 / La Sota Strain / GRQGRL / 0.31 / NA / II/II / Lentogenic / Chicken / Netherlands
2 / AF309418.1 / B1 / GRQGRL / NA / NA / II/II / Lentogenic / NA / USA
3 / AY225110.1 / HB92 Isolate V4 / GRQGRL / NA / NA / II/II / Lentogenic / NA / NA
4 / EU289028.1 / VG/GA / GRQGRL / NA / NA / II/II / Lentogenic / NA / USA
5 / EU546165.2 / JL-1 / GRQGRL / NA / NA / II/II / Lentogenic / Swine / China
6 / AY935496.1 / 99-0868lo / RRQRRL / 1.38 / NA / Ia/II / Lentogenic / NA / Australia
7 / AY935500.1 / I-2progenitor (V4 Variant) / RKQGRL / NA / NA / Ia/II / Lentogenic / NA / Australia
8 / DQ097394.1 / PHY-LMV42 / GKQGRL / NA / NA / Ia/II / Lentogenic / Chicken / India
9 / HM063422.1 / D3 / ERQGRL / 0.35 / 102.5 h / Ib/II / Lentogenic / Duck / China
10 / FJ597605.1 / D_AH_13_04 / EKQGRL / NA / NA / Ib/II / Lentogenic / Duck / China
11 / FJ600539.1 / FJ0801 / GKQGRL / NA / NA / Ib/II / Lentogenic / Duck / China
12 / HM063424.1 / R8 / GKQGRL / NA / NA / Ib/II / Lentogenic / Rallus
aquaticus / China
13 / AY562991.1 / chicken/N. Ireland/Ulster/67 / GKQGRL / NA / NA / Ib/II / Lentogenic / Chicken / Ireland
14 / AY935490.1 / 02-1334 / RRQRRF / 1.61 / NA / Ia/II / Lentogenic / NA / Australia
15 / AY935492.1 / 98-1249 / RRQRRF / 1.68 / NA / Ia/II / Lentogenic / NA / Australia
16 / EF201805.1 / Mukteswar / RRQRRF / NA / NA / III/II / Mesogenic / Avian / China
17 / FJ430159.1 / JS/7/05/Ch / RRQRRF / NA / NA / III/II / NA / Chicken / China
18 / FJ430160.1 / JS/9/05/Go / RRQRRF / NA / NA / III/II / NA / Goose / China
19 / EF211808.1 / JS/2/05/Go / RRQRRF / NA / NA / III/II / NA / Goose / China
20 / FJ480786.1 / NDV/Mallard/CH/HLJ383/06 / RRQRRF / NA / NA / III/II / NA / Mallard / China
21 / EU293914.1 / Italien / RRQRRF / NA / NA / IV/II / Virulent / NA / China
22 / X71995.1 / Edit / RRQRRF / NA / NA / IV/II / NA / NA / NA
23 / 3-M33855.1-IV / Texas / RRQRRF / NA / NA / IV/II / Velogenic / Chicken / USA
24 / AY741404.1 / Herts/33 / RRQRRF / 1.88 / NA / IV/II / Virulent / NA / NA
25 / AY288989.1 / anhinga/USA(FL)/44083/93 / RRQKRF / 1.54 / NA / V/II / Mesogenic / Anhinga / USA
26 / AY288993.1 / chicken/Honduras/15/00 / RRQKRF / 1.6 / NA / Vb/II / Velogenic / Chicken / Honduras
27 / EF520718.1 / gamefowl/US(CA)/212676/2002 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / Vb/II / NA / Gamefowl / USA
28 / EU518683.1 / chicken/Mexico(Estado de Mexico)/465/2005 / RRQKRF / 1.59-1.94 / 39.7-61.5 h / Vb/II / Velogenic / Chicken / Mexico
29 / FJ705461.1 / cormorant/Canada/95DC2345/1995 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / Va/II / Virulent / Cormorant / Canada
30 / JN255777.1 / great cormorant/US(NH)/654/2010 / KRQKRF / NA / NA / Va/II / NA / Phalacrocorax carbo / USA
31 / JQ697743.1 / chicken/MX/NC02-634/2010 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / Vb/II / NA / Chicken / Mexico
32 / GQ288382.2 / cormorant/Canada/98CNN3-V1125/1998 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / Va/II / NA / Cormorant / Canada
33 / GQ288386.2 / cormorant/US(NV)/19529-04(USGS)/2005 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / Va/II / NA / Cormorant / USA
34 / GQ288387.2 / cormorant/US(MN)/92-40140/1992 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / V/II / NA / Cormorant / USA
35 / GQ288388.2 / cormorant/US(CA) /92 23071/1997 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / Va/II / NA / Cormorant / USA
36 / HM117720.1 / NDV-P05 / RRQKRF / 1.99 / 36 h / Vb/II / Velogenic / Chicken / Mexico
37 / AB465606.1 / Japan/Ibaraki/85 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIc/II / Velogenic / Gallus gallus domesticus / Japan
38 / AF109885.1 / GB 1168/84 / GRQKRF / NA / NA / VIb/II / NA / Migratory birds / Great Britain
39 / AF456439.1 / JS/2/98/Go / KRQKRF / NA / NA / VIe/II / Velogenic / Goose / China
40 / AF458018.1 / Sh-1/97 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIc/II / Velogenic / Gallus gallus / China
41 / AF458019.1 / XJ-3/97 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIc/II / Velogenic / Gallus gallus / China
42 / AJ880277.1 / Pigeon paramyxovirus-1 IT-227/82 / GRQKRF / NA / NA / VIb/II / Mesogenic / Pigeon / Italy
43 / AY325798.1 / YN-P1 / KRQKRF / NA / NA / VIe/II / NA / NA / China
44 / AY734535.1 / Pigeon/Argentina/Tigre 6/99 / GRQKRF / NA / NA / VIb/II / NA / Pigeon / Argentina
45 / DQ417113.1 / STP96 / KRQKRF / NA / NA / VIe/II / NA / Pigeon / China
46 / EU477189.1 / pigeon/US/RI166/2000 / RRKKRF / 1.3 / NA / VIa/II / Virulent / Pigeon / USA
47 / AY288996.1 / pigeon/Italy/1166/00 / RRQKRF / 0.8 / NA / VIa/II / Virulent / Pigeon / Italy
48 / FJ410145.1 / PPMV-1/New York/1984 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIb/II / NA / Pigeon / USA
49 / FJ480825.1 / PG/CH/JS/1/05 / KRQKRF / NA / NA / VIe/II / NA / Pigeon / China
50 / FJ766528.1 / NDV05-029 / KRQKRF / NA / NA / VIe/II / NA / NA / China
51 / FJ766529.1 / ZhJ-3/97 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIc/II / NA / Gallus gallus / China
52 / FJ865434.1 / s-1 / GRQKRF / NA / NA / VIb/II / NA / Pigeon / China
53 / GQ281086.1 / WX-10-07-Pi / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIa/II / NA / Pigeon / China
54 / GQ281088.1 / YZ-23-07-Pi / RRRKRF / NA / NA / VIa/II / NA / Pigeon / China
55 / GQ507801.1 / Kr-102/89 / RRRKRF / NA / NA / VIc/II / NA / Chicken / South Korea
56 / HM063423.1 / W4 / RRQKRF / 1.28 / 60.2 h / VIa/II / Mesogenic / White-
breasted
water
hen / China
57 / AF358786.1 / TW/2000 / RRQKRF / 1.83-1.89 / 80 h / VIIe/II / Virulent / NA / Taiwan
58 / AF456437.1 / GD/1/98/Go / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIe/II / NA / Goose / China
59 / AF458010.1 / JS-3/00 / KRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIf/II / NA / Gallus gallus / China
60 / AY028995.1 / CH-A7/96 / KRQKRF / 1.83-1.89 / 80 h / VIIf/II / Virulent / NA / China
61 / AY325797.1 / GPV-SF02 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIId/II / NA / Goose / China
62 / AY325799.1 / YN-C1 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIe/II / NA / NA / China
63 / AY338284.1 / Y98 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIb/II / NA / NA / China
64 / DQ067447.1 / GX1/00 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIe/II / NA / Chicken / China
65 / DQ227246.1 / JS02 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIf/II / NA / NA / China
66 / DQ227248.1 / SGM01 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIId/II / NA / NA / China
67 / DQ227254.1 / SWS03 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIf/II / NA / NA / China
68 / DQ228922.1 / SL03 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIb/II / NA / NA / China
69 / DQ363536.1 / TJ05 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIId/II / NA / NA / China
70 / DQ363537.1 / jinan04 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIe/II / NA / NA / China
71 / DQ417112.1 / SRZ03 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIg/II / NA / NA / China
72 / FJ608337.1 / QG/Hebei/07 / GKQGRL / NA / 35 h / VIIg/II / Velogenic / Chicken / China
73 / FJ608347.1 / XD/Shandong/08 / GRQGRL / NA / 96 h / VIIg/II / Lentogenic / Chicken / China
74 / AB605247 / NDV/Bali-1/07 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIh/II / NA / Gallus gallus / Indonesia
75 / GQ245790.1 / HN-6-07-Ch / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIId/II / Highly virulent / Chicken / China
76 / GQ245799.1 / HN-7-06-Ch / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIb/II / Highly virulent / Chicken / China
77 / GQ245812.1 / XZ-9-08-Ch / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIb/II / Highly virulent / Chicken / China
78 / GQ245818.1 / YZ-22-07-Os / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIb/II / Highly virulent / Ostrich / China
79 / GU227738.1 / NDV/Serbia/749/2007 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIId/II / NA / Dove / Serbia
80 / GQ338309.1 / ND/03/018 / KRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIf/II / NA / NA / China
81 / GQ994433.1 / XD/Shandong/08 / GRQGRL / NA / 96 h / VIIg/II / Lentogenic / Chicken / China
82 / HQ697254.1 / chicken/Banjarmasin/010/10 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIi/II / Highly Virulent / Chicken / Indonesia
83 / HQ697257.1 / chicken/Gianyar/013/10 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIi/II / Highly Virulent / Chicken / Indonesia
84 / HQ697258.1 / chicken/Sragen/014/10 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIi/II / Highly Virulent / Chicken / Indonesia
85 / HQ697261 / chicken/bali/020/10 / RRRKRF / NA / NA / VIIh/II / Highly Virulent / Chicken / Indonesia
86 / JX193074 / egret/China/Guangxi/2011 / RRRKRF / 1.84 / NA / VIIh/II / NA / Egret / China
87 / FJ751918.1 / QH1 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIII/II / NA / Chicken / China
88 / FJ751919.1 / QH4 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIII/II / NA / Chicken / China
89 / AF048763.1 / AF2240 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIII/II / Velogenic / NA / Malaysia
90 / AY734534.1 / Trenque Lauquen / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIII/II / NA / Chicken / Argentina
91 / AF163440.1 / F48E9 / RRQRRF / NA / NA / IX/II / NA / NA / NA
92 / AY341061.1 / LuoY / RRQRRF / NA / NA / IX/II / NA / Chicken / NA
93 / EF589136.1 / BY isolate Guizhou / RRQRRF / NA / NA / IX/II / NA / Fowl / China
94 / FJ436305.1 / JS/1/97/Ch / RRQRRF / NA / NA / IX/II / NA / Chicken / China
95 / JQ697741.1 / China/NDV03-45-641/2003 / RRQRRF / NA / NA / IX/II / NA / NA / NA
96 / FJ705464.1 / mallard/US(OH)/04-411/2004 / EKQGRL / NA / NA / X/II / NA / Mallard / USA
97 / FJ705467.1 / mallard/US(MN)/MN00-32/2000 / EKQGRL / NA / NA / X/II / NA / Mallard / USA
98 / FJ705468.1 / mottled duck/US(TX)/TX01-130/2001 / GKQGRL / NA / NA / X/II / NA / Mottled Duck / USA
99 / GQ288390.1 / mallard/US(MN)/00-32/2000 / EKQGRL / NA / NA / X/II / NA / Mallard / USA
100 / GQ288392.1 / mallard/US(MN)/MN00-39/2000 / EKQGRL / NA / NA / X/II / NA / Mallard / USA
101 / HQ266603.1 / MG_1992 / RRRRRF / 1.9 / NA / XI/II / NA / Chicken / Madagascar
102 / HQ266604.1 / MG_MEOLA_08 / RRRRRF / NA / NA / XI/II / NA / Chicken / Madagascar
103 / HQ266602.1 / MG_725_08 / RRRRRF / 1.9 / NA / XI/II / NA / Chicken / Madagascar
104 / HQ266605.1 /

MG_39_4_08

/

RRRRRF

/ NA / NA / XI/II / NA / Chicken / Madagascar
105 / JN627504.1 / GD12/2011 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XII/II / NA / Goose / China
106 / JN627505.1 / GD17/2011 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XII/II / NA / Goose / China
107 / JN627506.1 / GD20/2011 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XII/II / NA / Goose / China
108 / JN627507.1 / GD1003/2010 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XII/II / NA / Goose / China
109 / JN627508.1 / GD450/2011 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XII/II / NA / Goose / China
110 / JN800306.1 / poultry/Peru/1918-03/2008 / RRQKRF / 1.78 / NA / XII/II / Velogenic / Poultry / Peru
111 / AY865652.1 / Sterna/Astr/2755/2001 / RRQRRF / NA / NA / XIII/II / Velogenic / Sterna albifrons Pallas / Russia
112 / AY928933.1 / MK13/75 / RRQRRF / NA / NA / XIII/II / Velogenic / indigenous-type poultry / Iran
113 / GU182323.1 / chicken/SPVC/Karachi/NDV/43/2008 / RRRKRF / 1.7 / 49 h / XIII/II / Virulent / Chicken / Pakistan
114 / GU182329.1 / chicken/SPVC/Karachi/NDV/26/2005 / RRQRRF / 1.75 / 51.6 h / XIII/II / Virulent / Chicken / Pakistan
115 / GU182331.1 / chicken/SPVC/Karachi/
NDV/33/2007 / RRQKRF / 1.85 / 54.5 h / XIII/II / Virulent / Chicken / Pakistan
116 / FJ772446.1 / avian-913-1-Nigeria-2006 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XIV/II / NA / Avian / Nigeria
117 / FJ772452.1 / chicken-1377-8-Niger-
2006 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XIV/II / NA / Chicken / Niger
118 / FJ772455.1 / avian-1532-14-Mauritania
-2006 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XIV/II / NA / Avian / Mauritania
119 / FJ772466.1 / chicken-2601-Ivory Coast
-2008 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XIV/II / NA / Chicken / Ivory Coast
120 / FJ772475.1 / chicken-2602-605-Niger
-2008 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XIV/II / NA / Chicken / Niger
121 / AF458011.1 / XJ-2/97 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XV/II / NA / Gallus gallu / China
122 / AF458012.1 / FJ-2/99 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XV/II / NA / Gallus gallu / China
123 / DQ682437.1 / JS/1/03/Go / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XV/II / NA / Goose / China
124 / DQ682445.1 / SD/5/04/Go / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XV/II / NA / Goose / China
125 / JX119193.1 / chicken/DominicanRepublic(JuanLopez)/
499-31/2008 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XVI/II / NA / Chicken / Dominican Republic
126 / JX186997.1 / SD/5/04/Go / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XVI/II / NA / Goose / China
127 / JX915242.1 / chicken/DominicanRepublic/28138-4/1986 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XVI/II / NA / Chicken / Dominican Republic
128 / JX915243.1 / chicken/Mexico/Queretaro/452/1947 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XVI/II / NA / Chicken / Mexico
129 / JQ039394.1 / chicken/Nigeria/VRD07-
410/2007 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XVIIa/II / NA / Gallus gallus / Nigeria
130 / JQ039392.1 / avian/Nigeria/VRD07-733/2007 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XVIIa/II / NA / Avian / Nigeria
131 / HF969194.1 / chicken/Nigeria/NIE08-2199/2009 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XVIIb/II / NA / Chicken / Nigeria
132 / HF969180.1 / avian/Cameroon/CAE08-318/2009 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XVIIb/II / NA / Avian / Cameroon
133 / HF969128.1 / avian/Nigeria/NIE07-216/2007 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XVIIb/II / NA / Avian / Nigeria
134 / HF969196.1 / chicken/Nigeria/NIE08-2261/2009 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XVIIb/II / NA / Chicken / Nigeria
135 / HF969126.1 / duck/Ivory Coast/CIV08-062/2006 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XVIIIb/II / NA / Duck / Ivory Coast
136 / HF969127.1 / chicken/Ivory Coast/CIV08-069/2007 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XVIIIb/II / NA / Chicken / Ivory Coast
137 / HF969179.1 / chicken/Ivory Coast/CIV08-026/2007 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XVIIIa/II / NA / Chicken / Ivory Coast
138 / HF969183.1 / chicken/Ivory Coast/CIV08-044/2007 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / XVIIIa/II / NA / Chicken / Ivory Coast
139 / NA / Iran-Beh / RRQKRF / 1.8 / 72 h / VIIj/II / Virulent / Chicken / Iran
140 / NA / Iran-Maz / RRQKRF / 1.8 / 72 h / VIIj/II / Virulent / Chicken / Iran
141 / KJ176996.1 / IRI 1392k / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIj/II / NA / Poultry / Iran
142 / NA / Iran-Isf / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIIj/II / Virulent / Chicken / Iran
143 / DQ485269.1 / chicken/Guangxi13/2004 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIId/II / Velogenic / Chicken / China
144 / EU258639.1 / NDV04011 / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIId/II / NA / NA / China
145 / EF128053.1 / JS-3/06/wd / RRQRRF / NA / NA / VIId/II / NA / Wild Duck / China
146 / EF211807.1 / JS/1/05/Go / RRQKRF / NA / NA / VIId/II / NA / Goose / China