Crisis and Absolutism in Europe (1550-1715):
1. Spain, England, and France in Conflict
-Catholicism vs. Calvinism throughout Europe
(a) King Phillip II
-Family relations to Holy Roman Emperor and territories he controls
-Battle of Lepanto
-Forced conversion of the Netherlands
-William the Silent of Orange and the formation of the United Provinces
(b) Elizabeth Tudor
-Her role as religious leader
-Naval battle with the Spanish Armada under Phillip II
(c) French Wars of Religion
-Catholic Nobles vs. the Huguenots
-St. Bartholomew’s Massacre
-Henry of Navarre
-Edict of Nantes and rise of Huguenots
2. Social Crises, War, and Revolution
-due to economic and political unrest, France will become the dominant country in Europe and England will engage in a civil war
-Increase in pop. will lead to inflation and witchcraft will be used to divert problems into scapegoat
(a) Thirty Years War
-Hapsburgs and the Catholic forces vs. Calvinist nobles in Bohemia
-Peace of Westphalia
(b) Revolution in England
-Parliament vs. The Divine Right of Kings
-Rule of James I and the Gunpowder Plot
-Guy Fawkes
-Reign of Charles I and The Petition of Right
-Parliament’s uprising under Oliver Cromwell
-Cavaliers vs. Roundheads (New Model Army)
-Short lived Rump Parliament
-General George Monk
-Charles II and James II
-Glorious Revolution (William and Mary)
-Toleration Act of 1689
3. Response to Crises in Europe and rise of Absolutism
Absolutism: Ruler holds power all aspects of his region or country
(a) Absolutism in France
-The role of Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin
-Louis 14th “I am the State’
-rescinds the Edict of Nantes
-The Four Articles and its content
-Ultramontane’s (backlash to Louis 14th rule)
-Palace of Versailles and rise of the Bourbon Dynasty
-The vital role of Jean Baptiste Colbert
(b)Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
-Prussia and Austria will emerge as the dominant city-states after the breakup of the Holy Roman Empire
-Prussia and Absolutism
-Frederick William the Great (Commissariat and Junkers)
-Austria and Absolutism
-Hapsburgs (Shared Titles)
-Russia and Absolutism
-after Ivan the Terrible and the Times of Troubles
-Rise of Romanov’s under Peter I
-visits to Europe and Europeanization of Russia (Parisian)
-Formation of Navy (St. Petersburg)
4. The World of European Culture
(a) Art after the Renaissance
-Mannerism
-El Greco
-Baroque period
-Bernini and Caravaggio
(b) Elizabethan Age of Literature
-William Shakespeare (Lord Chamberlains Men)
-Miguel de Cervantes (Don Quixote)
(c) Political Ideologies
-Thomas Hobbes (The Social Contract)
-John Locke (Natural Rights)