Electronic Supplementary Material
Characteristics of dynamic membrane filtration:
Structure, operation mechanisms and cost analysis
Yalei Zhang, Yangying Zhao, Huaqiang Chu *, Bingzhi Dong, XuefeiZhou
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
*Corresponding author phone: +86-21-65985811; fax: +86-21-65985811;
e-mail:
Table S1. Physical treatment performance of dynamic membrane reactors
Membraning Material / Treated substance / Flux / Retention ratio(%) / ReferenceTiO2 / 4-chlorophenol / 125 L/m2.h / 33-92 / [1]
Ca-oleate,CdS,ZrO2 / Bovine serum albumin / N.A. / 80 / [2]
Clay mineral / Synthetic Co(Ⅱ)ions / N.A. / < 98 / [3]
PVA
PEG / Synthetic dye solution / 260-440 L/m2.h
76-84 L/m2.h / 28-46
65-77 / [4]
Kaolin / CH3COONa polymer fluid / N.A. / ≈100 / [5]
PVA / Protein solution / N.A. / 83-99 / [6]
Zr-PAA / Sodium nitrate feed solution / 50 L/m2.h / 98 / [7]
Ovalbumin
γ-globulin / Protein (ovalbumin) solution / N.A. / ＞80 / [8]
Zr(IV), Al(III) and Fe(III) / Colloid solutions / N.A. / N.A. / [9]
Hydrous Zr(IV) colloids / Glucose/bovine serum albumin solution / 16.5-34.2 L/m2.h.bar / ＞90 / [10]
Kaolin/MnO2 / Oily wastewater / 120.1-153.2 L/m2.h / ＞99 / [11]
Zr-dextran / Hemoglobin (Hb) solutions / 7.7 L/m2.h.bar / 70-100 / [12]
Fe(OH)3/MnO2·2H2O / Synthetic oily water / 100 L/m2.h / ＞98 / [13]
Non-coagulating
/Hydrophylized coagulating polymers / Sodium sulphate solutions(Na2SO4) / 21.6-23 L/m2.h / 75-98 / [14]
Hydrous Zr colloids / Egg white protein solution / N.A. / 80-95 / [15]
Zr-PAA / Ovalbumin solution / 10-50 L/m2.h.bar / ＞95 / [16]
Solid particles / Pineapple juice / 6.37 m3/m2.h / 84-87 / [17]
Note: N.A., Not available.
Table S2. Biological treatment performance of dynamic membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment
Membraning Material / Oxygen condition / Flux( L/m2.h) / Treatment efficiency / ReferencePoly-tetrafluoroethylene / Anaerobic / 4-12 / < 30mg/L (effluent COD)
< 10mg/L (effluent SS) / [18]
Activated sludge / Anaerobic / 0.5-3 / ＞99% (SS) / [19]
Activated sludge / Aerobic / 14.8-33.3 / 84.2%(COD)
98.03%(NH3-N) / [20]
Bio-diatomite / Aerobic / 8.6-130 / 8.1-28.1 mg/L (effluent COD)
0.08-0.53 mg/L (effluent NH3-N)
100%(SS) / [21]
Activated sludge / Anaerobic / 5 / 77.5±29.5 mg/L (effluent COD)
27.6±12.5 mg/L (effluent NH3-N) / [22]
Activated sludge / Aerobic / 20.8-31.6 / 5 mg/L (effluent BOD)
1.5mg/L (effluent SS)
80%(TN) / [23]
PAC / Aerobic / 417.6-543.6 / 4-5.76NTU(effluent turbidity) / [24]
Activated sludge / Anaerobic/Oxic / 16.7 / 91.6%(COD)
93.5%(SS)
66%(TN) / [25]
Activated sludge / Anaerobic / 65 / 57.3%±6.1%(COD)
68-250 mg/L (effluent SS) / [26]
Activated sludge / Aerobic / 150 / 24-45mg/L (effluent COD)
< 5 mg/L (effluent BOD)
< 12mg/L (effluent SS) / [27]
PAC / Aerobic / 18.6 / 97.09%(COD)
94.16%(NH3-N) / [28]
Table S3. Materials and formation conditions of different dynamic membrane applications
Membraning Material / Support Material(μm) / Treated substance / Formation Type / ReferenceHydrous Zr(IV) Oxide-PAA / Stainless steel tube / Industrial effluents / Pre-coated / [29]
Zr(IV), Al(III) and Fe(III) / Ceramic tube(0.5-1.0) / Colloid solutions / Pre-coated / [9]
Ceramic tube / Sugar solution / Self-forming / [30]
Ca-oleate,CdS,ZrO2 / Polymeric membrane(0.2) / Bovine serum albumin / Pre-coated / [2]
Hydrous Zr(IV) Oxide / Ceramic tube(0.5) / Dextran solution / Pre-coated / [31]
Ovalbumin
γ-globulin / Ceramic tube(0.05) / protein (ovalbumin) solution / Pre-coated / [8]
Woven fabric tubes / Municipal sludge / Self-forming / [32]
Zr-PAA / Ceramic/metal mesh MF / Sodium nitrate feed solution / Pre-coated / [7]
MnO2
CaCO3, FeCl3, and NaAlO2 / Polyester yarn woven fabric(20-40) / Effluent of pre-treated municipal wastewater / Pre-coated / [33]
[34]
Solid particles / Monolith alumina MF/UF membranes(0.1/0.01) / Pineapple juice / Self-forming / [17]
Hydrous Zr(IV) colloids / Ceramic tube(0.2) / Glucose and bovine serum albumin solution / Pre-coated / [10]
Kaolin / Stainless steel mesh(4.7) / CH3COONa polymer fluid / Pre-coated / [5]
Zr-PAA / Polypropylene and polyethylene non-woven fabrics / Ovalbumin solution / Pre-coated / [16]
Ceramic tube(0.2) / Immobilize α-Amylase / Pre-coated / [35]
Zr-dextran / Steinless steel tube(0.5-5) / Hemoglobin (Hb) solutions / Pre-coated / [12]
MnO2 / Polyethylene (PE) tubes(5-20) / Wastewater from diatomaceous earth;
Oil-refining wastewater / Pre-coated / [36]
Non-coagulating/
Hydrophylized coagulating polymers / Cellulose acetate RO membrane / Sodium sulphate solutions(Na2SO4) / Pre-coated / [14]
PVA / Non-woven fabric
(PAN PVDF Nylon) / Protein solution / Pre-coated / [6]
Hydrous Zr colloids / Non-woven fabric(tens)
polysulfone MF membrane(3) / Egg white protein solution / Pre-coated / [15]
Nylon mesh(100) / Synthetic wastewater / Self-forming / [37]
[23]
Dacron mesh(100) / Municipal wastewater / Self-forming / [20]
Kaolin, diatomite and Fuller’s earth / woven polyester tubes / Secondary effluent / Pre-coated / [38]
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) particles / Polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) membrane(0.1) / Dextran macromolecules solution / Self-forming / [39]
polypropylene non-woven fabric / Municipal wastewater / Self-forming / [40]
[25]
Clay mineral / UF/RO / Synthetic Co(Ⅱ)ions / Pre-coated / [3]
Mesh(100-500) / Municipal sludge / Self-forming / [41]
Woven nylon fabric(30) / Synthetic municipal wastewater / Self-forming / [27]
PAC / Hollow fiber(0.2) / Synthetic wastewater / Pre-coated / [42]
Non-woven fabric / Synthetic Municipal / Self-forming / [43]
Fe(OH)3/MnO2·2H2O
/Mg(OH)2 / Al2O3 ceramic tube(5) / Synthetic oily water / Pre-coated / [13]
[44]
PVA/PEG / UF / Synthetic dye solution / Pre-coated / [4]
Filter-cloth / Industrial effluents / Self-forming / [45]
Ceramic tube(2) / Caprolactam wastewater / Pre-coated / [46]
FeCl3 / UF/NF / Raw water / Pre-coated / [47]
Mesh(100) / Municipal sludge / Self-forming / [48]
PAC / Terylene filter cloth(56) / Municipal wastewater / Pre-coated / [28]
Bio-diatomite / Stainless steel mesh(74) / Municipal wastewater / Pre-coated / [21]
[49]
[50]
Non-woven
Mesh / Synthetic municipal wastewater / Self-forming / [19]
Municipal activated sludge / Nylon mesh filter(30) / Distillery wastewater / Self-forming / [51]
polypropylene non-woven fabric / activated sludge mixedliquor / Self-forming / [52]
Non-woven fabric(0.64) / Effluent of municipal / Self-forming / [22]
TiO2 / Non-woven(2) / 4-chlorophenol / Pre-coated / [1]
Woven fabrics / Municipal raw sewage / Self-forming / [53]
PAC / Dacron mesh(150) / Raw wastewater / Pre-coated / [24]
Woven nylon mesh / Municipal wastewater / Self-forming / [54]
Bio-diatomite
PAC-Diatomite / Stainless steel mesh(74) / Micro-polluted / Pre-coated / [55]
[56]
[57]
Non-woven fabric(100) / Household wastewater / Self-forming / [58]
Dacron mesh(61) / Municipal wastewater / Self-forming / [26]
[59]
Kaolin/MnO2 / Al2O3 ceramic tube(1) / Oily wastewater / Pre-coated / [11]
Non-woven fabric / Synthetic wastewater / Self-forming / [60]
Diatomite / Stainless steel mesh(80) / Slightly polluted surface water / Pre-coated / [61]
Table S4. Cost analysis between MBR systems and DMBR systems
for municipal wastewater treatment
MBR systems / DMBR systemsMembrane cost (€/m2) / 50-150 [62] / 1 [63]
Permeate flux (L/m2.h) / 10-25 [64] / 15-150 [65]
Energy consumption
(kWh/m3 permeate flux) / 0.8-1 [66] / 0.4-0.6 (converted based on [42, 53, 67])
Membrane cleaning / Chemical cleaning / Physical cleaning
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