Acids and Bases Name ______
Date ______Period ______
Neutralization: Acids and Bases Together
True or False: For each false statement, change the underlined word(s) to the correct word(s).
1. ______If you dip some blue litmus paper into a neutral solution, the litmus paper turns pink.
2. ______If sodium hydroxide is mixed with hydrochloric acid, table salt is formed.
3. ______HOH is another way of writing a formula for a base.
4. ______Bases always contain a metal ion and a nonmetal ion.
5. ______To form a salt, an acid is mixed with a neutral solution.
6. ______If a base is added to an acid, one drop at a time, the phenolphthalein indicator in
the solution will change from colorless to pink.
7. ______A neutral solution contains less hydrogen ions than an acidic solution.
8. ______A basic solution contains less hydroxide ions than a neutral solution.
9. ______NaF is an example of a base.
10. ______An acid is the chemical opposite of a salt.
Completion: Write in the word(s) which best complete(s) each statement.
11. A ______solution is neither acidic or basic.
12. If you mix an acid and a base, you produce a ______plus ______.
13. The above reaction is called ______.
14. When an acid and a base are mixed, the water is formed from the ______ion of the acid and the ______ion of the base.
15. Potassium nitrate is made by mixing ______acid and ______hydroxide.
16. Whenever an acid is mixed with a base, the compound which is always produced is ______.
17. Aluminum hydroxide is an example of a(n) ______.
18. Aluminum chloride is an example of a(n) ______.
19. HF is the formula for ______.
20. If you mix hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide, you produce water and a salt called ______.
Acids and Bases
pH: Acid or Base
True or False: For each false statement, change the underlined word(s) to the correct word(s).
21. ______A strong acid gives off many hydroxide ions in water.
22. ______The pH of a solution is found to be 5.5. This means the solution is basic.
23. ______A pH of 10 is more basic than a pH of 8.
24. ______Club soda is shown to have a pH of about 4, so club soda is an acidic solution.
25. ______The pH of a dilute solution of calcium hydroxide would be greater than 7.
26. ______The pH of a vinegar solution would be greater than 7.
27. ______A low pH tells you that few hydrogen ions are present.
28. ______As a solution becomes more basic, its pH decreases.
29. ______Air pollution from industry often causes rainwater to become acidic.
30. ______Unpolluted rainwater is slightly acidic.
Completion: Write in the word(s) which best complete(s) each statement.
31. You can think of pH as the ______of hydrogen ions.
32. A solution with a pH of 6 is a (slightly, strongly) ______acidic.
33. Methyl violet, which changes the color at different pH’s is known as a(n) ______.
34. The pH of pure water should be ______.
35. An electrical device which can measure the pH is called a ______.
36. A strong ______gives off many hydroxide ions in water.
37. If you mix equal amounts of equal molarities of sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid, the pH will be ______.
38. If vinegar is added to a potassium hydroxide solution, the pH ______.
39. The pH of your blood should be between 7.2 and 7.4, this means blood is slightly ______.
40. The pH of a sample of polluted rainwater is found to be 2. This means the rain is ______.
Thought Questions:
41. Tell the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid.
42. Tell the difference between a strong base and weak base.
Naming Acids
Name the following acids:
43. HNO3 ______
44. HCl ______
45. H2SO4 ______
46. H2SO3 ______
47. HC2H3O2 ______
48. HBr ______
49. HNO2 ______
50. H3PO4 ______
51. H2S ______
52. H2CO3 ______
Write the formulas for the following acids:
53. sulfuric acid ______
54. nitric acid ______
55. hydrochloric acid ______
56. acetic acid ______
57. hydrofluoric acid ______
58. phosphorous acid ______
59. carbonic acid ______
60. nitrous acid ______
61. phosphoric acid ______
62. hydrosulfuric acid ______
Oxo or Binary / Chemical Formula / Common Use or Name / Name of Acid63 / H3BO3 / Boracic acid; eye wash
64 / Muriatic acid; digestion / Hydrochloric acid
65 / CH3COOH / Vinegar
66 / H2SO4 / Oil of vitriol; most used chemical
67 / H2SO3 / With H2SO4 is acid rain
68 / In many cleaners / Oxalic acid
69 / Fertilizer production / Phosphoric acid
70 / C17H35COOH / In fats; to produce soap / Stearic acid
71 / H2CO3 / Carbonated beverages
72 / Fertilizer production / Nitric acid
73 / HClO4 / The strongest acid
74 / Bleach / Hypochlorous acid
75 / H2S / In sour gas wells
78 / Etches glass / Hydrofluoric acid
79 / Forms a yellow solution / Chromic acid
80 / / HCN / Some common and uncommon laboratory acids
81 / Nitrous acid
82 / C6H5COOH / Benzoic acid
83 / H2SiO3
84 / Thiosulfuric acid
85.
pH / [H+] / pOH(14 – pH) / [OH-]
1 / 1 x 10-1 / 13 / 1 x 10-13
2 / 1 x 10-2 / 12 / 1 x 10-12
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
The pH of a solution indicates how acidic or basic that solution is.
pH range of 0 – 7 acidic
7 neutral
7 – 14 basic
Since [H+] [OH−] = 1.0 x 10−14 at 25°C, if [H+] is known, the [OH−] can be calculated and vice versa.
pH = − log [H+] So if [H+] = 1.0 x 10−6, pH = 6
pOH = − log [OH−] So if [OH−] = 1.0 x 10−8, pOH = 8
Together, pH + pOH = 14
Complete the following chart.
[H+] / pH / [OH−] / pOH / Acidic or Basic86. / 1.0 x 10−5 M / 5 / 1.0 x 10−9 M / 9 / Acidic
87. / 7
88. / 1.0 x 10−4 M
89. / 1.0 x 10−2 M
90. / 11
91. / 12
92. / 1.0 x 10−5 M
93. / 1.0 x 10−11 M
94. / 13
95. / 6
Self-ionization of Water & pH Name______
15.2 Review Period______Date______
Matching: On the line at left, write the letter of the best-matching definition.
_____ 96. self-ionization a. has H3O+ concentration greater than 1 x 10−7 M
_____ 97. pure water b. has H3O+ and OH− concentrations of 1 x 10−7 M
_____ 98. Kw - ion product constant c. has a pH greater than 7
_____ 99. pH scale d. describes the reaction: H2O + H2O ↔ H3O+ + OH−
_____ 100. acidic solution e. has a pH=7;may contain ions other than H3O+& OH−
_____ 101. basic solution f. is equal to 1 x 10−14 at 25ºC
_____ 102. neutral solution g. describes the acidity or basicity of a solution
Short Answer: Answer the following questions in the space provided.
True or False: If the statement is true write “true.” If it is false, change the underlined word or words to
make the statement true. Write your answer on the line provided.
______103. An acidic solution contains only H3O+ ions.
______104. A solution with a pH of 4 is acidic.
______105. When the pH of a solution decreases from 9 to 7, the [H3O+] increases by a factor of 2.
Problems: Solve each of the problems as directed. Show all your work.
106. Based on the given information, classify the following as neutral, acidic, or basic.
- [H+] = 1 x 10−5 M ______
- [OH−] = 1 x 10−5 M ______
- [H+] = 1 x 10−7 M ______
107. Given that a solution has a pH of 3, calculate the [H3O+] and [OH−].
108. Calculate the [OH−] for an aqueous solution in which [H3O+] is 1 x 10−10 M. Is the solution acidic,
basic, or neutral?
109. Determine the [H3O+] for aqueous solutions that have the following pH values.
a. 3 b. 6 c. 10
110. The concentration of H3O+ ions in a solution is 3.8 x 10-9 M. What is the pH of the solution? Is the
solution acidic, basic or neutral? What is the concentration of OH- ions?
pH Problems
111. What is the concentration of OH- ions in saturated limewater if [H3O+] = 3.98 x 10-13 M? What is the pH of the limewater and is limewater acidic, basic or neutral?
112. What is the concentration of OH- ions in a potato and water solution if [H3O+] = 1.6 x 10-6 M? What is the pH of potatoes and water and is it acidic, basic or neutral?
113. What is the concentration of H3O+ ions in 0.1 M ammonia if [OH-] = 1.26 x 10-3 M? What is the pH of ammonia and is it acidic, basic or neutral?
114. What is the concentration of OH- ions in butter if [H3O+] = 6.0 x 10-7 M? What is the pH of butter and is it acidic, basic or neutral?
115. What is the concentration of H3O+ ions in peaches if [OH-] = 3.16 x 10-11 M? What is the pH of peaches and are they acidic, basic or neutral?
116. What is the concentration of OH- ions in 0.1 M borax if [H3O+] = 6.31 x 10-10 M? What is the pH of borax and is it acidic, basic or neutral?
117. What is the concentration of H3O+ ions in eggs if [OH-] = 6.0 x 10-7 M? What is the pH of eggs and are they acidic, basic or neutral?
118. What is the concentration of OH- ions in 0.1 M bicarbonate of soda if [H3O+] = 3.98 x 10-9 M? What is the pH of bicarbonate of soda and is it acidic, basic or neutral?
119. During the course of the day, human salvia varies between being acidic and basic. What is the concentration of H3O+ ions in salvia if [OH-] = 3.16 x 10-8 M? What is the pH of salvia and is this sample acidic, basic or neutral?
120. Analysis of a sample of maple syrup reveals that the concentration of OH− is 5.0 x 10−8 M. What is the pH of this syrup? Is it acidic, neutral, or basic?
121. In a sample of bananas and water, it is found that [H3O+] = 2.51 x 10−5 M. What is the corresponding pH value, and are the bananas and water acidic, basic, or neutral?
122. [OH−] = 7.94 x 10−12 M in a sample of vinegar. What is the pH of the vinegar, and is it acidic, neutral, or basic?
123. A sample of human blood plasma is found to have a concentration of H3O+ ions of 3.72 x 10−8 M. What is the pH of this sample? Is it an acid, a base, or neutral?
124. In a sample of saturated magnesia, it is found that [OH−] = 3.22 x 10−4 M. What is the pH of this sample, and is it acidic, neutral, or basic?
125. Tomatoes are found to have a hydronium ion (H3O+) concentration of 6.12 x 10−5 M. What is the pH of these tomatoes, and are they acidic, neutral, or basic?
126. A saturated solution of calcium carbonate has a hydroxide ion concentration of 2.44 x 10−4 M. What is the pH of this solution, and is it acidic, neutral, or basic?
127. The hydronium ion concentration in a urine specimen is measured to be 6.3 x 10−6 M. What is the pH of this sample, and is it acidic, neutral, or basic?
128. What is the pH of sour pickles if [OH-] = 1.6 x 10-10 M? What is the pH of the pickles? Are the pickles acidic, basic or neutral?
129. The hydroxide content of a popular soft drink is measured and found to be 4.11 x 10-9 M. What is the pH of the soft drink, and is it acidic, basic or neutral?
Acid-Base Titration
Complete the following statements by filling in the appropriate word or phrase from the list below. Not all choices will be used.
acid-base titration water and a salt equal titration curve
equivalence point end point indicator not equal
phenolphthalein standard solution NaCl and water H2SO4 and water
130. The point at which exactly enough standard solution is added to neutralize the unknown solution is the ______.
131. A(n) ______is used to represent pH data.
132. A(n) ______is a carefully controlled neutralization reaction.
133. A(n) ______changes color at certain pH values.
134. A(n) ______contains an acid or base in known concentration.
135. A common indicator used in titrations is ______.
136. The point at which the indicator changes color is the ______of the reaction.
137. The reaction in a titration produces ______.
138. At the end point of a titration, the number of H+ ions donated by the acid is ______to the
number of H+ ions accepted by the base.
139. The titration between NaOH and HCl results in a solution of ______.
140. A 30. mL volume of HCl is titrated with 23 of mL of 0.20 M NaOH. What is the molarity HCl in this solution?
141. A 26 mL volume of NH3 is titrated with 23 mL of 0.20 M HCl. What is the molarity of the NH3 in this solution?
142. A 40. mL volume of H2SO4 is titrated with 38 mL of 0.25 M NaOH. What is the molarity of the H2SO4 solution?
143. A volume of 30. mL of 0.25 M HCl neutralizes a 50. mL sample of KOH solution. What is the concentration of the KOH?
144. A volume of 9.0 mL of 0.70 M NH3 neutralizes a 35 mL sample of HClO4 solution. What is the concentration of the HClO4?
145. A volume of 90. mL of 0.2 M HBr neutralizes a 60. mL sample of NaOH solution. What is the concentration of the NaOH?
146. A volume of 37 mL of 0.36 M KCN neutralizes a 75 mL sample of HClO solution.What is the concentration of the HClO?