P7 Observing the Universe • advance planning page 1
TWENTY FIRST CENTURY SCIENCE
P7 Observing the Universe
Technicians’ advance planning sheets
This table shows items that may need to be ordered in advance for this module. It does not list standard items such as OHT pens and test-tubes.
Full details of the resources needed for each activity are given in the Requirements section of the Teacher & Technician notes published by OUP, which also include safety information for the activity.
Activity / Item(s) / Quantity per student/ Group of students, or for the teacher / NotesAP7.2 / Pinhole camera
Black paper or (better) aluminium foil to cover the hole, in which the pinhole is to be made
Translucent paper (e.g. greaseproof paper) to act as a screen
Two different converging lenses
Sharp sewing needle
Light shield
Single asymmetric bright light source / 1 per group
1 sheet per group
1 per group
2 per group
1 per group
1 per group
At least two lamps per class / Pinhole camera (a light-tight container 10–20 cm in length, with a hole about 2 or 3 cm in diameter in one end and the other end open to take a screen. Use a 400 g tin can, or Griffin XFH-340-100)
Lenses (focal length > pinhole to screen distance, e.g. for distance of 11 cm, 15 cm < f < 20 cm would be suitable)
A light shield about 25–30 cm long, to distance the viewer’s eye from the screen
A single asymmetric light source, e.g. carbon filament lamp, or an array of three 12 V 24 W lamps in a triangle
AP7.3 / Convex lenses
White card
Rulers
Bright lamps
Projector
Extension exercise: concave lenses of different powers (with powers less than the strongest of the convex lenses) / 1 per group
1 per group
1 per group
2 per class
1 per class / Convex lenses of different focal lengths and possible different diameters (these can be shared around)
White card, or white paper (stuck onto card) as screen (size about A5 is OK)
30 cm, 50 cm, or 1 m rulers
A bright lamp at the each end of the lab
Optional: parallel-beam projector or a slide projector which can be adjusted enough to give a parallel beam – can be used to check focal lengths very quickly
AP7.5 / Convex lenses
Greaseproof paper
Mounting for lenses
Clamp stand
Lamp
Extension exercise: other convex lenses and a concave lens / 2 per group
1 sheet per group
1 per group
1 per group
At least two lamps per class / Two convex lenses of different focal lengths
To use as screen (no larger than A6)
to hold greaseproof paper
One or more brightly-lit objects at the end of the lab
AP7.6 / Fluorescein or milk
Glass container
Projector
Convex lenses
Concave mirror / for teacher demonstration
1
1
2
1 / Fill the container with water dyed with a tiny amount of fluorescein, or a few drops of milk
To make a bright parallel light beam
different focal lengths, short enough to focus inside container
AP7.7 / A3 paper
Ray box
Lens
Comb/multiple slit
Lens holder
Concave mirror
concave mirrors of different focal lengths
2 triangular prisms and a rectangular block / 1 per group
1 per group
1 per group
1 per group
1 per group
1 per group
for class to access
for teacher demonstration: 1 of each / Ray box or lamp, stand, and cylindrical shield
Lens to produce a parallel beam
Comb/multiple slit
Lens holder:
+7 D lens (f = 14.3 cm)
+17 D lens (f = 6 cm)
See Guidance AP7.7
AP7.8 / Computer / 1 per student / Internet access and the Java plugin or Java Virtual Machine
Check the URL still exists:
AP7.9 / Holder
Aluminium foil
35 mm slide mounts
Filters
Copper or nichrome wire
Mains lamp, at least two
Transformer
2 mounted festoon lamps / 1 per group
1 per group
1 set per group
for class access / holder with two halves of a razor blade to use as a slit
Set of red, green and blue colour filters
0.2 mm diameter
with 30 cm single filament (clear tube) and holder covered with three coloured filters (see Guidance AP7.9 for diagram)
AP7.11 / A3 paper
Ray boxes or lamp, stand, and cylindrical shield
Lenses
Combs/multiple slits
Holder
Lenses
Flexicam
Filters / teacher demonstration
2
2
2
1
2
optional
2 / Parallel beams from both ray boxes are required
to produce a parallel beam
+7 D lens 14.3 cm
+17 D lens 6 cm
red, green filters
AP7.12 / computers / Computers with Internet access and the Java plugin or Java Virtual Machine
check these URLs still exist:
geomopti/twolenses.html
Check that the applets work. If possible, download the applets before lesson.
AP7.13 / Clear tank containing water
Spotlight or projector
Milk, few drops
Heat source. e.g. bunsen burner / teacher demonstration
1
1
1 / To produce a very bright beam of white light. The beam of light should pass through at least 10 cm of the water. The light beam must contain the blue end of the visible spectrum to be successful. It works well with a slide projector. Most torch bulbs are too yellow.
Students should be able to both
view the beam from the side and
look at the source of light through the water in the tank, i.e. head-on.
One or two drops of milk is all this requires.
AP7.15 / Computers
Computer with projector or large screen
Dice / 1 per group
Teacher demonstration
1
1 / Need installed Adobe Photoshop (6 or above) installed
Photoshop Image IP7.5 Stacking.psd
Excel Spreadsheet IP7.6 Image process multiply.xls
AP7.16 / Computers
Projector or large screen / 1 per group / Need installed Adobe Photoshop (6 or above) installed. Also Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) plugin, downloadable from
AP7.18 / Geographer’s globe
(optional) PC and data projector to show applet / Teacher demonstration
1 / Many multimedia resources are available that will enhance these lessons, for example Multimedia Space School:
and a series of 25 ten-minute videos:
AP7.19 / Geographer’s globe
light source, e.g. lamp
Tennis ball
PC and data projector to show applet / Teacher demonstration
1
1
1 / Light source represents the Sun
ball represents the Moon
Many multimedia resources are available that will enhance these lessons, for example Multimedia Space School:
and a series of 25 ten-minute videos:
AP7.20 / Dark umbrella with white dots stuck on the inside in the form of circumpolar constellations
Geographer’s globe / Teacher demonstration
1
1 / The inside of the umbrella should have large dots of white sticky paper (about 2 cm in diameter) in the shape of constellations. The diagram shows constellations to use, but you may wish to restrict it to the Plough, Cassiopeia, and the Pole Star which is at the very centre
AP7.22 / Football
Tennis ball
digital video camera, webcam or digital camera
Anglepoise lamp
Clamp stands / 1 per group
1 per group
1 per group
1 per group
1 per group
Alternatively, this activity can be done as a demonstration. / To produce video clips
AP7.23 / Football
Tennis ball
Optional: lamp, hat, or sun picture / Teacher demonstration
1
1
1 / See:
www2.bitstream.net/~bunlion/bpi/EclSaros.html#cycle
AP7.24
AP7.25
AP7.26 / Calculators with trig functions and exponential notation / 1 per group
AP7.28 / Prepared drainpipe tubing
Lamp and holder, 2.5 V
Power supply for lamp
Connecting leads
Metre rule
LDR (ORP12)
Digital multimeter
Black cloth, approx. A3 size
Cards / 1 of each per group
3 or 4 per group / See Guidance AP7.28
7 cm cross-section
pieces of card or plastic with the same width as the internal size of the drainpipe, but slightly taller so that they will not drop right down into the tube. Each card should have a different size hole in it, level with centre of the lamp.
AP7.30 / Power supply, 12V
Ray box lamp
Rheostat or variable resistor
Spectrometer
surveillance/night shot video camera connected to projector/TV screen / 1 per group
1 per group
1 per group
for teacher demonstration / Students need to be able to see the filament
AP7.31 / Computers / 1 per student group / PC loaded with applet
AP7.32
AP7.34 / computers / 1 per student group / To process Excel spreadsheets
AP7.35 / Balloon (black)
Clip to seal the balloon temporarily
Stop clock
tape measure, flexible
marker pen (preferably gold or silver)
Optional: computers and spreadsheet program / 1 per group
1 per group
1 per group
1 per group
1 per group
AP.7.36 / Spectroscopes, hand-held (or diffraction gratings)
Lamp (not fluorescent)
Helium discharge tube
Optional: Sodium lamp and any other discharge lamps you have.
Salt (sodium chloride)
Bunsen burner
Blackout curtains / 1 per group
1 for the class
1 for the class
1 for the class
1 for the class
AP7.37 / balloon filled with hydrogen
taper stuck on long pole
matches / teacher demonstration
1
1
box / Lighting a hydrogen balloon is hazardous and produces a very loud bang. Check safety precautions. Everyone should cover their ears.
AP7.38 / Computer with Internet access
Data projector / teacher demonstration / Download applets mentioned in Guidance AP7.38 before the lesson
AP7.39 / Three ‘gold foil’ models
A ‘firer’
Marbles / teacher demonstration / The models and firer need to be made and tested before the lesson. See Guidance AP7.39 for details of how to make them.
AP7.40 / computer with Internet access
data projector / teacher demonstration / Download applets before the lesson (Guidance AP7.40)
AP7.42 / Boyle's Law apparatus
Foot pump and adaptor
Supply of graph paper Calculator / teacher demonstration
1
1
1 per group / Check safety precautions. It has been known for the glass tube to fly upwards when the gas is at maximum pressure. To prevent this, check the compression joint holding the tube and any tube supports before use. (The apparatus is filled and emptied by removing the pressure gauge.)
AP7.43 / Charles’ law apparatus
Beaker, 600 cm3
Thermometer, -10 to 110oC
Supply of graph paper / 1 per group / See Guidance AP7.43
(Charles’ law apparatus made from ruler, capillary tube with concentrated sulphuric acid ‘marker’)
© in this format University of York Science Education Group and Nuffield Foundation 2007