Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones

Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones

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Endocrine System Overview:

•Working with the nervous system, regulates and integrates body's metabolic activity

•Maintain homeostasis with hormones

Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones

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Glands

Target cells

Hormones

Receptors

Negative feedback

Hypothalamus

Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones

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4 major components:

Cells/ Organs or tissues that secrete hormones
Chemical messengers secreted into the blood and transported to target cells.
Cells affected by hormones secreted into the blood stream.
Found on the plasma membrane or inside cell; determines sensitivity of target cell to a specific hormone.

Hormones function by a process of ______

1. ______Production of ADH, oxytocin, and regulatory hormones, Main coordinating center that regulates the nervous and endocrine systems.
2. Pituitary – 9 hormones (7 Anterior, 2 Post)

Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones

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Thyrotropin-releasinghormone (TRH) Oxytocin (OXT)

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Prolactin (PRL)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)Growth hormone (GH)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Hormone / Function
Hormone that controls anterior pituitary secretions (TSH) that stimulate the thyroid gland.
Hormone released in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) that triggers the thyroid gland to release hormones.
Hormone that controls anterior pituitary secretions (ACTH) that stimulate the adrenal gland.
Hormone released in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) that triggers the adrenal cortex to release hormones
Hormone that promotes follicle and egg development in females and sperm production in males.
Hormone that induces ovulation and secretion of progestins in females and androgens such as testosterone in males.
Hormone that stimulates mammary gland development stimulates milk production.
Hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication of all cells especially muscle and bone.
Hormone that increases activity of melanocytes in skin, active in fetal development, very young children, pregnancy, and certain diseases.
Hormone that targets the kidney and decreases water loss.
Hormone that stimulates contraction of uterine muscles during labor and delivery, as well as contraction of cell surrounding milk secretory cells in mammary glands.

Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones

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1. Thyroid and Parathyroid
2. Hormones that adjust tissue metabolic rates
3. Hormones that usually plays a minor role in calcium ion homeostasis by opposing the action of parathyroid hormone

Thyroxine(T4) & Triiodothyronine (T3) Calcitonin Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Hormone / Function
Hormone(s) that increase the rate of ATP production in mitochondria, therefore increasing the rate of metabolism.
Hormone(s) that are essential for normal bone growth in children and in the last trimester of pregnancy; stimulated by an increase in the plasma Ca2+, inhibits osteoclasts in bone, and stimulates calcium excretion by kidneys.
Hormone(s) stimulated by a decrease in the plasma Ca2+, activates osteoclasts in bone, and reduces calcium excretion by kidneys

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Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones

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1. Adrenal gland– metabolic functions

Mineralocorticoids Glucocorticoids Androgens

Epinephrine (E, or adrenaline) & Norepinephrine (NE, or noradrenaline)

Hormones / Function
Hormone (s) that affects electrolyte balance in body fluids.
Hormone (s) that affects glucose metabolism; also an anti-inflammatory
Hormone (s) that can be converted to estrogens in plasma; in normal amounts do not affect sexual characteristics.
Hormone (s) that trigger metabolic changes to increase availability of energy molecules; supports and prolongs the overall sympathetic response.

1. Pineal Gland and Pancreas

______Inhibition of reproductive function, antioxidant activity, day/night cycle

______Digestive organ whose exocrine cells make digestive enzymes

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Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones

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Melatonin

Alpha cells

Beta cells

Glucagon

Insulin

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Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones

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Hormone / Function
Hormone that plays a role in maintaining Circadian rhythms (day-night cycles).
Hormone released upon a decrease in BGL, resulting in the breakdown of glycogen in liver and muscles into glucose and an increase in BGL.
Hormone released upon an increase in BGL, resulting in cell uptake of glucose and a decrease in BGL.
Cell / Function
Cells that secrete glucagon.
Cells that secrete insulin.

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Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones

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Secondary Endocrine Functions :

Calcitrol

Erythropoietin

Renin

Atrial Natriuietic Peptide (ANP)

Thymosins

Leptin

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Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones

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1. Intestines– process and absorb nutrients

1. Kidneys– urinary system

Hormone / Function
Hormone stimulated by PTH, derived from Vitamin D3 that increases the absorption of calcium and phosphate.
Hormone stimulated by the kidneys that causes an increase in Red Blood Cell production.
An enzyme that triggers a hormonal chain reaction to increase Blood Pressure and blood volume.

1. Heart, Cardiovascular system

Hormone / Function
Hormone that detects excessive stretching in the right atrium of the heart; causes a loss of sodium and water and a decrease in Blood Pressure an blood volume

1. Thymus lymphatic system

Hormone / Function
Hormones that aid in the development and maintenance of immune defenses.

1. Adipose Tissue

Hormone / Function
Hormone secreted from Adipose Tissue that provides negative feedback control of appetite; increases fertility

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Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones

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1. Gonads - Reproductive system

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Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones

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Testes

Ovaries

Testosterone

Estrogen

Progesterone

Inhibin

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Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones

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Hormone / Function
Male Gonads
Hormone that promotes sperm production
Female Gonads
Hormone that supports maturation of ova and growth of uterine lining
Hormone released from corpus luteum that accelerates fertilized egg movement through the uterine tube; prepares for arrival of developing embryo
Hormone that provides negative feedback to FSH.

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Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones

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