Student Worksheet 2- Interpretation of Maps
Name: ______
Directions: All these maps have something to do with iron production. First, go to http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/maps/pennsylvania_map.html and print out a county map. Then analyze the maps below and answer the corresponding questions!
Lumber Production in Pennsylvania
1. In 1860 what county of the state produced the most lumber?
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2. In general what area (northern, southern, eastern, or western Pennsylvania) produced more lumber?
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3. In 1880 Pennsylvania was the number one producer of lumber in the United States. How much (percentage) of the nation’s lumber did it produce?
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4. From your answer to question 3, you can see that lumber was a big part of Pennsylvania’s industry in 1880. However, trees and their wood played an important part of Pennsylvania right from the very beginning. (For an extra point, can you tell me what the name “Pennsylvania” means?) In the early part of the iron industry (1716-1840), lumber played an important role in the making of iron. What product of wood was used to fuel furnaces? (Hint: It is smoldered wood.)
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Working Stone Quarries
1. What is a quarry?
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2. When was this map produced?
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3. Name three types of stone present in Pennsylvania at the time illustrated by this map.
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4. Why do you think we are looking at a map of stone quarries that does not include iron ore in studying iron production?
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Bituminous and Anthracite Coal (1860)
1. One of Pennsylvania’s natural resources was coal. Name the six/seven counties producing anthracite coal:
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2. Of the counties you have listed above, which two counties were still considered one in 1860?
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3. Look at the key. How many tons of coal does light green symbolize?
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4. What type of coal is represented by peach colors?
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5. What do you think coal has to do with the production of iron?
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Iron and Steel Manufacturing
1. What county produced the most iron in 1860?
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2. What percentage of the state’s total did this county produce?
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3. What other area of the state held a high number of furnaces? Name a major city nearby.
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4. Compare the 18th century map to the 1860 map. Name two changes you see taking place.
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5. Locate the current capital of the state. Did its county produce iron in 1860? How many furnaces approximately were located there?
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