GRAMMAR: parts of speech
Verbs Review
A verb tells what a subject does. Verbs can be used in the past, present of future tense. Some verbs are irregular, meaning they use special forms to show the past tense (ex. speak…spoke). Verbs should be used in either a singular or plural form to be in agreement with their subjects.
TYPES OF VERBS:
Action verbs tell what nouns or pronouns do.
Ex. Ian exploded with laughter.
What did Ian do?
- Transitive are action verbs that can have a direct object.
Ex.Tom swatted a fly.
Test = ask WHAT? Swatted what?
- Intransitive are action verbs that can’t have a direct object.
Ex. Water evaporates.
Linking Verbs link a subject with the information about it.
Ex. Mike is handsome. OR She appears flustered.
Helping Verbs help the main verb do its job and contribute to the tense of the verb phrase.
Ex. It will rain tomorrow.
(HV) (MV)
Phrasal Verbs need a preposition to make sense.
Ex. Let’s make up an answer.
TRICKY WORDS THAT AREN”T VERBS!
Larry wants to be a star.
He should not go on vacation with us.
Adjectives Review
An adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun. (tells what something looks like, feels like, tastes like, smells like, or sounds like)
Ex: Tired, injured Ufta dragged himself back to his cave.
Ufta, tired and injured, dragged himself back to his cave.
Adjectives tell us:
What kind?Hungrylittle pigs roasted meatywolf ribs over hot flames.
Which one?This meal would be tasty!
How many?Three little pigs knew what to do with one big, bad, wolf dude.
Note: MEMORIZE the questions that adjectives answer!!!!
How to use these kinds of adjectives:
Pronouns as adjectivesFew pigs can resist this treat.
Predicate adjectivesRoasted wolf ribs taste delicious!
Articles The secret is in thesauce.
Nouns as adjectivesPut wolf ribs on your dinner menu tonight!
Adverbs Review
An adverb tells how, when, where, or how much something happens.
When you use adverbs, you get direct the action of the verb!!!
Ex: Jared runs quickly. Jared’s mom happily sends him on errands to the
store.
Ned walks slowly. Ned’s mom reluctantly sends him on errands to the
store.
Note: MEMORIZE the questions that adverbs answer!!!
How? When? Where? How much? To what extent? Under what conditions?
Words adverbs modify:
VerbsTroyateslowly.
How did Troy eat?
AdjectivesRita’s gym locker smells reallyawful!
To what extent or howawful does the locker smell?
Other adverbsCopy this drawing verycarefully.
About tricky adverbs and adjectivesI did a good job studying, so I did well on
the test.
About adverb comparisonsIan plays well. Lisa plays better. Troy
plays best.
Sentences Review
A sentence is a complete thought with a subject and a verb.
There are four kinds of sentences:
DeclarativeEx. Here comes Mike. (Makes a statement & ends with a period)
InterrogativeEx. Do you like him? (Asks a question & ends with a question
mark)
ExclamatoryEx. Wow, that’s awesome! (Shows strong feelings & has an
exclamation mark at the end.
ImperativeEx. Be cool. (Gives a command & ends with a period)
A subject is the noun or pronoun the sentence is about.
Ex: The sun is shining brightly on a meadow.
A predicate is the verb and its modifiers that tell about the subject
Ex: The sun is shining brightly on the meadow.
Compound subjects are two our more subjects connected by a conjunction
Ex: Leroy and Shari are working on a project.
Compound predicates are two or more verbs connect by a conjunction
Ex: Brian washed and waxed the car.
Compound sentences are two sentences connected by a conjunction
Ex: Some dogs have long tails, but other dogs don’t.
A sentence fragment looks like a sentence but it isn’t.
Ex: Somewhere over the rainbow, way up high.
A run-on sentence is a sentence that runs on into the next sentence
Ex: We played cards and we dance for a while, then we at around and talked
forever, it was wonderful!
Parts of Speech Review
DIRECTIONS: In each circle are a group of words that are the same parts of speech. Choose the name of the parts of speech that goes with the words in the circles and write the name of the part of speech on the top line for each circle. One example is done for you.
adjectivesadverbsconjunctionsinterjections
verbsnounsprepositions pronouns