Prison Bowl IV

Prison Bowl IV

Questions written and edited by Hunter College High School (Mehnaj Ahmed, Lily Chen, York Chen, William Dou, Jason Gurevitch, Matthew Gurevitch, Willie Ha, Sarah Hamerling, Sophey Ho, Cheyenne Hua, Paul Moschetti, Tenzin Norzin, Charles Pan, Naomi Sweeting, David Xu, Richard Yu, Marianna Zhang, Zihan Zheng), George Berry, Tony Cheng, and Auroni Gupta.

Round 13 – Tossups

1. This language was used by August Schleichler to write a fable titled “The Sheep and the Horses.” Paul Hopper described ejective stops in this language in his glotallic theory. The existence of certain consonants in this language was proposed in the laryngeal theory of Ferdinand de Saussure. The Kurgan hypothesis places its homeland in the Pontic steppe, and Verner’s Law expanded on the three-phase chain shift in this language described by Grimm’s Law. For 10 points, name this hypothetical common ancestor of Russian, Hindi, Latin, and English, among others.
ANSWER: Proto-Indo-European language [prompt on Indo-European] <RY>

2. In Maori mythology, the Milky Way was born from one of these creatures called Ikaroa. Aphrodite and Eros turned themselves into two of these creatures to escape Typhon. King Manu saved the constantly growing first avatar of Vishnu who was one of these animals. That creature, Matsya, saved enough people and animals to repopulate the world. Another of these animals is Namazu, who is restrained because he causes earthquakes when he thrashes. One of these animals ate nine hazelnuts and gained all the knowledge in the world before getting cooked by Finn McCool. For 10 points, name these aquatic animals exemplified by the Salmon of Wisdom.
ANSWER: fish [accept shark before "Aphrodite," don't accept “mermaids” or “dolphins”] <MZ>

3. Lac Alaotra is the largest body of water in this nation known for its prominent red lateritic soils. The Canal des Pangalanes is a series of dams on its coast. The distinctive trees in the Menabe region compose this nation's first national monument, the Avenue of the Baobabs. Trade winds arrive in this region because of anitcyclones off the coast of India, and this nation's forests contain rare endangered species such as the Golden-crowned sifaka and the Aye-aye. Separated from continental Africa by the Mozambique Channel, for 10 points, name this island country notable for its lemurs, with capital at Antananarivo.

ANSWER: Madagascar <ZZ>

4. In one novel by this author, the false talent scout Maurice Venice recruits the protagonist while Dr. Tamkin takes Tommy Wilhelm's money. In another of his novels, Dr. Elya Gruner is the niece of the title one-eyed Polish Holocaust survivor. This author of Seize the Day and Mr. Sammler's Planet wrote a novel in which the title character fights for custody of Junie with his second wife Madeleine, Herzog. His most famous protagonist marries Stella after going to Mexico with Thea and working for Einhorn. For 10 points, name this Jewish author who wrote about "an American, Chicago-born" in his novel The Adventures of Augie March.

ANSWER: Saul Bellow <YC>

5. This quantity’s interactions are described by the Russell-Saunders coupling scheme. In quantum mechanics, its expansion in uncoupled bases requires Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. One result about this quantity follows from the directional symmetry of space, according to Noether's theorem. A consequence of that result is the fact that a line drawn from a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times. Defined as the cross product of the position vector and its linear analogue, this quantity is conserved in the absence of an external torque. For 10 points, name this rotational quantity, the product of moment of inertia and angular velocity.
ANSWER: angular momentum [prompt on "L"; do not accept "momentum"] <LC>

6. This philosopher stated that the mind can gain negative knowledge via perception, and attempted to resolve the problem of negative existentials with a theory of descriptions in On Denoting. He rejected the teleological and cosmological arguments in one work, and his namesake teapot illustrates the necessity to make scientifically unfalsifiable claims rather than to simply shift the burden of proof. In addition to A History of Western Philosophy, he wrote the aforementioned Why I Am Not a Christian, as well as Analysis of the Mind. For 10 points, name this man who collaborated with Alfred North Whitehead to write Principia Mathmathica.
ANSWER: Bertrand Russell <ZZ>

7. Boyd v. U.S. was cited as a precedent in this case, whose result essentially overruled the decision in Wolf v. Colorado. This case was cited in TLO v. New Jersey and Samson v. California, while U.S. v. Leon led to an exception to this case’s ruling. Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. U.S. established the “fruit of the poisonous tree” doctrine, an extension of the exclusionary rule used in this case. After failing to find a bombing suspect following forced entry with a false warrant, police arrested this case’s plaintiff for possession of obscene material. For 10 points, name this case which tested the 4th Amendment.
ANSWER: Dollree Mapp v. State of Ohio <ZZ>

8. One of this man’s paintings shows a stone-filled stream, a man in black crouched in the corner, and a red-haired woman clutching her head. This artist of Ashes repeatedly depicted a pillar of reflected moonlight in The Voice, Lady From the Sea, and The Dance of Life. His Madonna is shown with a red halo from the perspective of a sexual partner, and was recovered in 2006 after a 2004 theft. He depicted his sister in The Sick Child, part of his Frieze of Life series. His most famous painting features a red-orange sky behind a man on a bridge performing the title action. For 10 points, name this Expressionist, the Norwegian artist of The Scream.
ANSWER: Edvard Munch <RY>

9. The origin of this entity was modeled by Safronov and Cameron, and within 10 million years Gliese 710 will collide with it. Its disk-shaped inner portion is called the Hills cloud, and objects like Hale-Bopp are thought to originate from this region. Lying about one light-year from the sun, it is considered the outer boundary of the solar system. This region contains trans-Neptunian objects, along with the scattered disc and Kuiper belt. The hypothesized source of long-period comets, for 10 points, name this region of space named after its Dutch discoverer.
ANSWER: Öpik-Oort cloud <LC>

10. One novel from this country describes the idealist Siphon’s suicide and the immature author Joey, and another sees Rheya, Kris Kelvin’s wife, recreated daily by the title sentient planet. Ferdydurke and Solaris are from this country, home to the author of a novel in which Verloc tries to blow up the Greenwich Conservatory, The Secret Agent. This country’s most famous author wrote about Jan Sobieski in his With Fire and Sword and about Ligia, Marcus Vinicius's love interest, in Quo Vadis?. For 10 points, name this home country of Witold Gombrowicz, Joseph Conrad, and Henryk Sienkiewicz.
ANSWER: Poland <YC>

11. The founder of this dynasty joined an alliance with Antipater and others against the regent Perdiccas, and conquered Cyrenaica. Arsinoe IV of this dynasty was forced to flee from her half-sister in a power struggle, while another ruler of this dynasty ordered the execution of the loser at the Battle of Pharsalus. It supplied several of the ships destroyed by Agrippa at Actium, and it was an ally of Mark Antony. It was founded by its namesake general, Alexander. For 10 points, name this Egyptian dynasty whose rulers included Cleopatra VII.
ANSWER: Ptolemaic Dynasty or Lagid Dynasty [accept word forms] <ZZ>

12. An agreement in a neighboring capital established it as a single administrative region in 1972, but was broken in 1983, when Gaafar Nimeiry imposed shari'a law in it. This region agreed to split its oil revenues with its northern neighbor in the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement. In 2008 the MV Faina, a Ukrainian cargo ship, was found to be carrying Soviet tanks and weaponry destined for this region's capital, Juba. On July 9th, 2011, it is set to become fully independent after a January referendum. For 10 points, name this region of Sudan bordering Darfur.
ANSWER: Southern Sudan <RY>

13. A commentary on this text was called the Ten Wings. This work contains messages such as "Preponderance of the Great" and "Keeping Still, Mountain." It was revealed to Fu Xi, and was recorded by Wen of Zhou, who foresaw his own downfall in it. Its use involves either separating yarrow stalks or flipping three coins. This text contains a set of 64 statements each associated with a hexagram composed from eight trigrams or gua, each of which consists of three broken and unbroken lines, representing yin and yang respectively. For 10 points, name this ancient Chinese text and divination system, whose name means "Book of Changes."
ANSWER: I Ching or Yi Jing [accept Book of Changes or Classic of Changes until mentioned] <RY>

14. This author created a character who reads W. C. Tuttle and Samuel Smiles, and whose children are forced to eat sulfur and condensed milk by Seth. He also created a character who has a servant named Metty and sets up shop in the title part of the Congo, a country led by "Big Man." Salim appears in this author's A Bend in the River, while the title character of another work marries Shama Tulsi and purchases the title structure at Port of Spain. For 10 points, name this author of A House for Mr. Biswas, a Trinidadian Nobel Laureate.
ANSWER: Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul <YC>

15. This man was the only one among his brothers who did not ally with Louis VII in revolt against his father. This man attempted to have his brother retained in prison by Henry VI following the Third Crusade, and he tried to overthrow William Longchamp, Richard I’s designated justiciar. This ruler was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III and lost Poitou, leading to the First Baron’s War. He was defeated despite a last stand by Renaud of Bolougne at Bouvines, ending his ambitions for Normandy. He became King of England despite being fourth in line to succeed. For 10 points name this signatory, at Runnymede, of the Magna Carta.
ANSWER: John I or John Lackland or John Softsword <ZZ>

16. An atom of this element is bonded to nitrogen and oxygen in the CBS catalyst. Like carbonium, compounds of this element often exhibit 3-center-2-electron bonds. A mineral of this element forms cross-links between polyvinyl alcohols found in certain glues to form a slime-like polymer. A compound of this element can react with an alkene in an anti-Markovnikov fashion. Found in Pyrex glass, this element is used to dope p-type silicon and forms trigonal planar trihalides, common examples of Lewis acids. Somewhat stable with only 6 valence electrons, it is an exception to the octet rule. For 10 points, name this fifth element with symbol B.
ANSWER: boron [accept B until mentioned] <LC>

17. The theme from this musical work is quoted in Glazunov’s orchestra suite From the Middle Ages and paraphrased in Liszt’s Totentanz. Also appearing in the first, third, and fifth movements of Mahler's Resurrection, this work’s theme appears in the movement "Dreams of a Witches' Sabbath" from Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique. This work describes how "Death is struck, and nature quaking” on its namesake day. Thought to be written by Thomas of Celano, Mozart’s Requiem Mass also features its theme. For 10 points, name this Gregorian plainchant melody and Latin hymn describing a “day of wrath.”
ANSWER: Dies Irae [accept Day of Wrath before it is mentioned] <DX>

18. This man was stabbed by a member of the Khaksar Tehrik, and founded Dawn, a newspaper that is now the largest in his country. He criticized as extremist the Khilafat movement to defend the Islamic caliphate. This man declared a “Day of Deliverance” when, in protest of their country’s entry into World War II, members of the Congress Party resigned from government. He called for a day of “Direct Action,” leading to riots in Bengal. For 10 points, name this rival of Jawaharlal Nehru, the leader of the Muslim League and founder of Pakistan.
ANSWER: Muhammad Ali Jinnah <RY>

19. This agent’s Tat protein interacts with the CXCR4 receptor, and its binding ability may be affected by EGCG, found in green tea. It has Pol, Gag, and Env genes, and its envelope incorporates gp120. Antibody tests for this pathogen have a 3-week window period, and treatments for it include nucleoside analogues like azidothymidine or AZT. Infection with this retrovirus causes an increase in cytotoxic T-cells and a reduction in CD4+ helper T-cell count. First discovered in 1981, this virus can be transmitted through breastmilk, semen, and blood. For 10 points, name this virus which causes AIDS.

ANSWER: Human Immunodeficiency Virus [do not accept “AIDS”] <LC>

20. In one of this author's novels, the protagonist falls in love with Emily Fosteringay and Blanche Amory before finally proposing to his foster sister Laura. In another of his works, the title character falls in love with his cousin Beatrix but marries her mother Rachel, Lady Castlewood. This author of Pendennis and Henry Esmond wrote a sequel to the latter work about George and Henry Warrington, titled The Virginians. In his most famous novel, George Osborne is killed at the Battle of Waterloo and William Dobbin marries Amelia Sedley. For 10 points, name this creator of Becky Sharp and author of Vanity Fair.
ANSWER: William Makepeace Thackeray <YC>

TB. This entity was strongly influenced by the proposals of Jan Christiaan Smuts and Edward M. House. It won the Nobel Peace Prize for its introduction of Nansen passports, and maintained the International Labor Organization, which would go on to outlive it. Its Lytton Report failed to mediate the aftermath of the Mukden Incident. This organization's existence was opposed by Henry Cabot Lodge and the Republican Party, and as a result, the U.S. never joined it. For 10 points, name this organization formed after World War I, the predecessor to the United Nations.
ANSWER: League of Nations <RY>