Group 6 Phonics Overview(Year 2)

Set / Requirement / Rules / Example words
1 / ‘ar’ sound written with ‘a’ / In southern pronunciation, the single ‘a’ is read as ‘ar’ / Path, bath, grass
2 / ‘j’ sound at end of words spelt as ‘dge’ and ‘ge’ / The letter ‘j’ is never used for this sound at the end of words. This sound is spelt ‘dge’ when it follows a short vowel. For all other sounds, vowels or consonants, the sound is spelt ‘ge’ at the end of a word. / Badge, edge
Age, charge
3 / ‘j’ sound in beginning or middle position.
‘s’ sound spelt as a ‘c’ / In other positions in words the ‘j’ sound is often spelt as ‘g’ before e, i, and y. It is spelt as ‘j’ before a, o, u.
The ‘s’ sound is spelt as a ‘c’ before e, i, y / Giant, energy
Jar, adjust
Race, city
4 / The ‘n’ sound split ‘kn’ or ‘gn’ at the start of words / This is a very unusual spelling from 100s of years ago! Then the k or g would have been sounded. / Know, knight
Gnat, gnaw
5 / ‘r’ sound spelt as ‘wr’ at the start of words / This spelling probably reflects an old pronunciation. / Write, wrong
6 / ‘or’ sound spelt as a ‘a’ / ‘or’ sound is usually spelt as ‘a’ before l or ll / All, ball walk
7 / ‘ee’ sound spelt as ‘ey’ / Plural of these words is by adding ‘s’ / Monkey, donkey
8 / Words ending in ‘tion’ as ‘shun’ sound / Station, fiction, motion
9 / The ‘o’ sound spelt as ‘a’ after a w or qu / ‘a’ is the most common spelling for the short ‘o’ sound after a w or qu. Water is an exception, here the ‘a’ has an ‘or sound. / Want, watch, wander
Squash
10 / The ‘er’ sound spelt ‘or’ after a w / There are not many of these words / Word, work, worm
11 / The ‘or’ sound spelt as ‘ar’ after a w / There are not many of these words / War, towards
12 / The short ‘u’ sound spelt ‘o’ / Other, nothing, Monday
13 / The ‘zh’ sound spelt as ‘s’ / Vision, treasure
14 / The ‘l’ sound spelt as ‘le’, el’ or ‘al’ at the end of words / The ‘le’ spelling is the most common.
‘el’ is much less common and is used m, n, r, v, w and more than not after s.
Not many noun end in ‘al but many adjectives do. / Little, middle, bottle
Travel, towel, tinsel
animal, metal
15 / Contractions / In a contraction the apostrophe shows where a letter/s would be if the word was written in full.
It’s means ‘it is or sometimes ‘it has but it’s is never used for the possessive. / Didn’t, I’ll, can’t, we’ve
16 / Adding ‘es’ to nounds/verbs ending in y / For nouns and verbs that end in ‘-y’, the ‘y’ is changed to ‘i’ before ‘-es’ is added. / Babies, ladies, carries
17 / Adding ‘-ed’, ‘-ing’, ‘-er’, ‘-est’ and ‘-y’ to words with a single vowel letter and ending with a single consonant. / Rule: The last consonant letter of the root word is doubles, to keep the vowel short. / Fat, fatter, fattest
Hum, humming, hummed
18 / Adding ‘-ed’, ‘-ing’, ‘-er’, ‘-est’ and ‘-y’ to words ending in ‘-e’ with a consonant before it. / Rule: Drop the ‘-e’ at the end of the root word, before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel.The word ‘being’ is an exception to this rule. / Hike, hiking, hiker, hiked
Shiny, shiny
19 / Adding ‘-ed’, ‘-ing’, ‘-er’ and ‘-est’ to root words that end in ‘-y’ with a consonant before it. / Rule: The ‘-y’ is changed to ‘-i’ before the ‘-ed’, ‘-er’ and ‘-est’ is added, not before ‘-ing’. ‘Skiing’ and taxiing’ are exception words. / Copy, copier but copying
Cry, cried but crying
20 / Adding the suffixes ‘-ment’, ‘-ness’, ‘-ful’, ‘-less’ and ‘-ly’. / Rule: If the suffix starts with a consonant its added straight onto most root words, without having to change the root word. Exceptions: If the root word is more than one syllable and ends in ‘-y’ with a consonant before it e.g. happy, happily, happiness. The word ‘arguement’ / Enjoyment, careful, hopeless
21 / How to use a possessive apostrophe to show belonging. / Rule: ‘s is added at the end of the root word to show belonging. Exception: If the root word alreaded end in ‘-s’, the apostrophe is added after it e.g. James  James’ car / Megan’s, the girl’s, the man’s
22 / The short ‘oo’ sound spelt as ‘oul’ or ‘u’
The ‘ol’ sound / Could, should, put, push
Cold, told
23 / The ‘air’ sound spelt as ‘ere’
Quadgraph ‘ough’ to represent long ‘oo’ and ‘oa’
Compound words / Where, there
Through, though
Something, everyone
24 / The ‘s’ or ‘z’ soubnd spelt as se at the end of words / Rule: The ‘s’ and ‘z’ sounds are spelt ‘se’ when if they follow a long vowel. / House, horse
Cheese, noise, because
25 / Tricky HFW
26 / Tricky HFW