Anatomy & Physiology

Semester 1 FINAL EXAM Study Guide

Ø  Your final exam will be all scantron (true/false, multiple choice, matching).

Ø  It will be between 100 questions.

Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation

  1. Define anatomy.
  2. Define physiology.
  3. Know the six levels of structural organization (i.e. chemical, cell, etc…)
  4. Know the 11 organs systems of the human body and basic function of each
  5. Know what anatomical position means.
  6. Know anatomical and directional terms (i.e. anterior, distal, medial)
  7. Know the major body planes.
  8. Know the body landmarks/regions (i.e. abdominal, antecubital, acromial, inguinal, deltoid, etc.)

Chapter 3: Tissues

  1. Know the four major types of tissue.
  2. Know the functions of epithelial tissue ( i.e. protection, absorption, etc.)
  3. Know the main functions of connective tissue (i.e. support (bone), etc.)
  4. Know the components of nervous tissue.
  5. Know the three major types of muscle tissue and where each can be found within the body.

Chapter 4: Skin & Body Membranes

1.  What are the functions of the body membranes?

2.  Where are the 4 body membrane types found?

What are the other 3 major functions of the skin?

3.  Name the five layers of the epidermis from deepest to superficial.

Which of these layers

·  contain dead cells?

·  contains living cells?

·  contains melanocytes?

·  is mitotic?

·  is most continuously shed?

·  is only found in the palms of hands and soles of feet?

·  is the layer we see?

4.  What are the two main regions of the dermis?

5.  What is the hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)?

6.  What three factors are responsible for skin color?

7.  Name the four appendages of the skin.

8.  What are the three categories of burns?

What skin layers are damaged in each?

What does each look like?

9.  What is the Rule of Nines?

10.  How is a benign tumor different from one that is malignant?

11.  What are the three types of skin cancer?

Chapter 5: The Skeletal System

  1. Know how many bones make up the human skeleton.
  2. Know the 5 major functions of the skeletal system.

  1. Know what ossification is.
  2. Know the main types of bone fractures (i.e. comminuted, compression, etc.)
  3. Know what bones make up the axial skeleton.
  4. Know how the atlas and axis are unique from the other vertebrae.
  5. Know the difference between true and false ribs.
  6. Know what floating ribs are.
  7. Know how many ribs there are and how they are identified.
  8. Know what bones make up the pectoral girdle.
  9. Know the four types of joints.
  10. Know where in the body each of the four types of joints is found.
  11. Know the difference between a tendon and a ligament.

Chapter 6: The Muscular System

1.  How does the total number of skeletal muscles compare to an adult’s total number of bones?

2.  What are the 5 functions of skeletal muscle?

3.  What are the 5 GOLDEN RULES of muscle activity?

4.  What is the difference between origin and insertion in terms of muscle-bone attachment?

5.  Be prepared to match the following body movements to an image or description:

·  Flexion

·  Extension

·  Circumduction

·  Pronation

·  Supination

·  Medial rotation

·  Lateral rotation

·  Inversion

·  Eversion

·  Opposition

·  Retraction

·  Protraction

·  Plantar flexion

·  Dorsiflexion

·  Elevation

·  Depression

6.  Be prepared to label the following muscles:

A.  frontalis

B.  masseter

C.  orbicularis oculi

D.  orbicularis oris

E.  buccinator

F.  zygomaticus

G.  sternocleido-mastoid(eus)

H.  trapezius

I.  deltoid

J.  pectoralis major

K.  biceps brachii

L.  triceps brachii

M.  rectus abdominus

N.  gluteus maximus

O.  rectus femoris

P.  biceps femoris

Q.  sartorius

R.  tibialis anterior

S.  fibularis longis

T.  external obliqu