APUSH REVIEW PACKET
The Exam:
•The exam is 3 hours and 5 minutes in length and consists of two sections. In section I, students answer 80 multiple choice questions in 55 minutes. In section II, students are given 15 minutes to plan and 45 minutes to write an essay on the document-based question (DBQ), and 70 minutes to answer two essay questions. Suggested time to be spent on each of the essay questions is 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes writing.
Scoring:
•The DBQ & two FRE are scored on a scale of 1-9
–Basis of a thesis, argument, and supporting evidence (including documents for DBQ)
•The M/C counts for 50%, the Essays 50%
–DBQ counts for 22.5%, FRE 27.5% ea.
•180 possible points
–[# correct] x 1.125 = ______MC
–# out of 9 x 4.50 = ______DBQ
–# out of 9 x 2.750 = ______FRE 1
–# out of 9 x 2.750 = ______FRE 2
DBQ:
•Requires you to answer by using documentary evidence AND your outside knowledge
•READ QUESTION
•BRAINSTORM!!
•READ DOCUMENTS
–Not statements of FACTS; descriptions, interpretations or opinions; READ THE SOURCE!
•WRITE YOUR ESSAY
Writing an Essay:
•Thesis Paragraph
–Addresses the QUESTION!!
–Contains Thesis (what is YOUR theme)
–Organizational Categories (set up your following paragraphs)
•Supporting Paragraphs
–Topic sentence
–Specific factual information
–Interpretive commentary
–Documentation (DBQ)*
–Clincher sentence
•Conclusion
–Supports, sums up
Level of Questions
Level One: questions are the facts of history. They can be answered from the text or other resources
Level Two: questions require students to make inferences as to how and why the factual information has an impact in the historical context in which it occurs. Students might ask themselves “So What?” about the factual information to help them understand the relevance and move to level two questions.
Level Three: questions are more abstract and attempt to get students to consider broader truths outside the historic context of the information.
Examples:
Level One:What was the Stamp Act?
Level Two:What was the most important impact of the Stamp Act on colonial resistance?
Level Three:Do attempts to assert control over people who have been allowed freedom for a long period of time always lead to resistance?
Level One:What were the provisions of the Compromise of 1850?
Level Two:To what degree and in what ways did the Compromise of 1850 ultimately lead to increased sectional tension?
Level Three:Are attempts to compromise on moral issues ever successful?
Level One:What is a ‘lame-duck’ president?
Level Two:To what degree and in what ways did Theodore Roosevelt’s announcement that he would not seek reelection in 1908 compromise his ability to successfully enact his reform agenda in 1904?
Level Three:Does the 22nd amendment ensure that all two-term presidents will be less effective in their second term?
Presidential Listing
Critical Period: 1788-1815
1. George Washington (1789-1797)
VP- John Adams
Party: None
Secretary of State- Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of War – Henry Knox
Major Items:Judiciary Act (1789)
Tariff of 1789
Hamilton’s Financial Policies
- National Bank
- Funding National Debt at ‘par’
- Assumption of State Debt
- High Tariffs
Whiskey Rebellion (1799)
French Revolution (1793)
- Neutrality
- Citizen Genet
Eli Whitney Invents Cotton Gin (1793)
Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)
Jay’s Treaty with England (1795)
Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain (1795)
Farewell Address (1796)
- No ‘permanent’ alliances
- No Political Parties
First Bank (1791 - 1811)
2. John Adams (1797-1801)
VP- Thomas Jefferson
Party: Federalist
Major Items:X,Y,Z Affair (1797)
War with France (Navy)
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
- Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1799)
- Naturalization Act
“Midnight Judges” (1801)
3. Thomas Jefferson (1801- 1809)
VP- Aaron Burr
Party: Republican
Secretary of State- James Madison
Major Items:Peaceful Transfer of Power
Barbary Pirates (1801-1805)
Marbury vs. Madison (1803)
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804- 05)
12th Amendment (1804)
Chesapeake & Leopard Affair (1807)
Embargo Act (1807)
4. James Madison (1809- 1817)
VP- George Clinton
Party: Republican
Secretary of State- James Monroe
Major Items: Non-Intercourse Act (1809)
Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)
Berlin and Milan Decrees
Orders in Council
“War Hawks” (1811- 12)
Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)
War of 1812
Hartford Convention (1814)
Battle of New Orleans (1815)
First Protective Tariff (1816)
2nd Charter for BUS (1816)
Nationalism
Era of Good Feelings/ Era of the Common Man: 1815 – 1840
5. James Monroe (1817- 1825)
VP- Daniel Thompkins
Party: Republican
Secretary of State- John Quincy Adams
Major Items:Marshall’s Decisions:
-McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819)
-Dartmouth College Case (1819)
-Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824)
Factions within Republican Party Begin (1816 – 1828)
Rush-Bagot Amendment (1817)
Panic of 1819
The American System
Growth of Industry
Acquisition of Florida from Spain (1819)
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Sectional Tariff (1824)
Favorite Sons Election (Jackson, J.Q. Adams, Crawford and Clay)
(1824)
The “Corrupted Bargain”
6. John Quincy Adams (1825- 1829)
VP- John C. Calhoun
Party: National Republicans
Secretary of State- Henry Clay
Major Items:New York’s Erie Canal (1825)
Tariff of Abomination (1828)
Calhoun’s Exposition and Protest (1828)
7. Andrew Jackson (1829- 1837)
VP- John C. Calhoun
Martin Van Buren
Party: Democrat
Major Items:Jacksonian Democracy
Spoils System
Manhood Suffrage
Two-Party System (Democrats and Whigs)
Raise of the “Third Party”
Peggy Eaton Affair
Indian Removal Act (1830)
Tariffs of 1832 and 1833
Nullification Crisis
The Second B. U. S. (due to expire in 1836)
Pet banks
Specie Circular (presidential order 1836)
Texas War of Independence (1836)
Formation of the Whig Party (1832)
8. Martin Van Buren (1837- 1841)
VP- Richard Johnson
Party: Democrat
Major Items:Panic of 1837
-Over-speculating in land
-Specie circular, no B.U.S.
-Unsound financing by state governments
-Failure of the wheat crops
-British call in on foreign loans
Election of 1840 “Hard Cider and Log Cabins”
Antebellum Period
9. William Henry Harrison (1841)
VP- John Tyler
Party: Whig
Secretary of State- Daniel Webster
10. John Tyler (1841- 1845)
Anti-Jackson Democrat ran as VP on Whig ticket
Secretary of State- Daniel Webster
Major Items: Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)
Vetoes Clay’s Bill for 3rd B.U.S.
Canadian Border established on the 49th parallel
Annexes Texas (1845)
11. James K. Polk (1845- 1849)
VP- George Dallas
Party: Democrat
Major Items:Manifest Destiny
Oregon Boundary settled (1846)
Independent Treasury
Lower Tariffs
Mexican War (1845 - 1848)
California & Mexican Cession Added to Union
Guadalupe- Hidalgo Treaty (1848)
Wilmot Proviso (kept slavery out of the newly acquired territory)
12. Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)
VP- Millard Fillmore
Party: Whig
Major Items: California Gold Rush
Compromise of 1850
Free Soil Movement
13. Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)
Secretary of State- Daniel Webster
Party: Whig
Major Items: Clayton Bulwer Treaty 1850
Seventh of March Speech (Daniel Webster)
Compromise of 1850 passes (Stephen Douglas)
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)
14. Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)
VP- William King
Party: Democrat
Major Items:Kansas-Nebraska Bill (1854)
-Popular sovereignty (Stephen Douglas)
Know Nothing Party & Republican Party (1854)
Japan opened to world trade (1853)
Gadsden Purchase (1853)
Underground Railroad
Bleeding Kansas
Ostend Manifesto (1854) desire for Cuba. Spain; offered $100,000,000 in Ostend, Belgium
Charles Sumner & Preston Brooks (1856) – ‘hit him again!’
15. James Buchanan (1857-1851)
VP- John C. Breckenridge
Party: Democrat
Major Items: Dred Scott Decision (1857) – 5th amendment
Lecompton Constitution (1857)
Lincoln- Douglas Debate (1858)
John Brown Raids Harpers Ferry (1859)
16. Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)
VP: Hannibal Hamlin (1861) & Andrew Johnson (1865)
Party: Republican/Union
Secretary or State- William H Seward
Secretary of Treasury- Salmon P. Chase
Major Items: Civil War (1861-1865)
Crittenden Compromise
Abuse of Executive Powers
Border States
Trent Affair (1861)
Antietam (1862)
Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
Gettysburg Address (1863)
Homestead Act (1862)
Morill Act (created agricultural colleges)
10% Plan verses Wade-Davis Bill
Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)
Lincoln’s Assassination
-April 14, 1865 (John Wilkes Booth)
Reconstruction: 1865- 1877
17. Andrew Johnson (1865- 1869)
Secretary of State- William H. Seward
Party: Republican
Major Items:13th Amendment (1865)
14th Amendment (1868)
15th Amendment (1870)
Reconstruction Act (1867)
Radical Republicans (Thaddeus Stevens & Charles Sumner)
Congressional Election of 1866 (Swing ‘round the Circle)
Civil Rights Act 1866
Tenure of Office Act (1867)
Impeachment Trial (1868)
Formation of KKK
Adoption of Black Codes
Sharecropping
18. Ulysses S. Grant (1869- 1877)
VP-Schuyler Colfax and Henry Wilson
Secretary of State- Hamilton Fish
Party: Republican
Major Items:First Transcontinental Railroad (1869)
Tweed Ring – Thomas Nast
Panic of 1873 – “Crime of ‘73”
Credit Mobilier – Union Pacific Railroad
Whiskey Ring
Gilded Age: 1877- 1900
19. Rutherford B. Hayes (1877- 1881)
VP – William Wheeler
Party: Republican
Major Items:Compromise of 1877
Bland- Allison Act (1878) (free coinage of silver)
Troops withdrawn from South (1877)
20. James A. Garfield (1881, March 4- September 19)
VP- Chester Arthur
Party: Republican (Half Breed)
Secretary of State- James Blaine
Major Items:Garfield’s Assassination
- Charles Julius Guiteau
21. Chester A. Arthur (1881- 1885)
Party: Republican (Stalwart)
Secretary of State- James Blaine
Major Items: Pendleton Act (1883) (civil service commission is set up)
22. Grover Cleveland (1885- 1889)
VP- Thomas Hendricks
Party: Democrat (1st since James Buchanan)
Major Items:Knights of Labor (1886)
Haymarket Riot (1886)
Interstate Commerce Act (1886)
Washburn vs. Illinois (1886)
Laissez-faire Economics
Military Pensions (GAR)
23. Benjamin Harrison (1889- 1893)
VP- Levi Morton
Party: Republican
Secretary of State- James Blaine
Major Items:Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
Populist Party Platform of 1892
ND, SD, MT, WA- 1889 states
Pan-American Conference (1889)
Idaho, Wyoming- 1890 states
McKinley Tariff (1890)
Sherman Act (1890)
Homestead Steel Strike (1892)
24. Grover Cleveland (1893- 1897)
Second Administration
VP- Adlai Stevenson
Party: Democrat
Major Items:Panic of 1893
Hawaiian Incident (1893)
Venezuelan Boundary Affair (1895)
Pullman Strike (1894)
American Federation of Labor
Wilson- Gorman
Tariff of 1894
25. William McKinley (1897- 1901)
Party: Republican
VP- Garet Hobart (1896- 1900)
Theodore Roosevelt
Secretary of State- John Hay
Election of 1896 – Populists/Democrats (William Jennings Bryan)
Free Silver Issue (16:1) – Wizard of Oz
Major Items:New Imperialism
Yellow journalism
Spanish- American War (1898)
Teller Amendment (1898)
Insular Cases (1901-1903)
Patt Amendment (1901) – Cuba becomes a Protectorate
Open Door Policy
Boxer Rebellion (1900)
McKinley’s Assassination
-Leon Czolgosz (1901)
Progressive Age - WWI: 1900- 1920
26. Theodore Roosevelt (1901- 1909)
Party: Republican
VP- Charles Fairbanks
Secretary of State- John Hay, Elihu Root
Major Items:Panama Canal (1903-1914)
“Square Deal”
Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904)
Portsmouth Treaty
Gentlemen’s Agreement with Japan (1904)
Hague Conferences (1899 and 1907)
Russo – Japanese War (1904-1905)
Great White Fleet
Hepburn Act (1906)
Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act, and Muckrakers
(1905)
Political Reforms of the Roosevelt Era
Trustbusting
Coal Strike (1901) – TR took side of labor!
Conservation
Venezuelan Debt Controversy (1902)
Dominican Republic crisis (1902-05)
Algerius Conference over Morocco (1906)
Scientific Management
The Muckrakers
Political Reform in Cities and States
The Jungle – Upton Sinclair
Conservation
27. William H. Taft (1909- 1913)
Republican
VP- James Sherman
Major Items: Paine- Aldrich Tariff (1909)
Pinchot- Ballings (1909) (conservation, polygamy problem)
Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909)
Rise of the Socialist Party (Eugene V. Debs)
Dollar Diplomacy
The Lodge Corollary (1912)
Election of 1912 (Bull Moose Party)
28. Woodrow Wilson (1913- 1921)
Democrat
VP- Thomas Marshall
Major Items:“The New Freedom”
Underwood Tariff (1913)
16th, 17th, 18th and 19th Amendments
Moral Diplomacy
Federal Reserve System (1913)
Glassower Act (1913)
Federal Trade Commission (1914)
Clayton Anti- Trust Act (1914)
Troops to Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Virgin Islands,
Mexico
Tampico Incident (1914)
Pancho Villa
The Lusitania (May 1915) – Zimmerman Note
Child Labor Act (1916)
“Fourteen Points” (January 1917)
“Making the world safe for Democracy”
Treaty of Versailles (1919-1920)
Henry Cabot Lodge – 14 Reservations (opposes Article X of Treaty)
Roaring Twenties: 1920- 1929
29. Warren G. Harding (1921- 1923)
“Dark Horse Candidate”
Party: Republican
VP- Calvin Coolidge
Secretary of State- Charles E. Hughes
Major Items:Teapot Dome Scandal (Discovered after death) – oil reserves
Washington Conference (1921- 1922)
Fordney- McCumber Tariff (1922)
Pardons socialist leader Eugene Debs (1921)
30. Calvin Coolidge (1923- 1929)
Party: Republican
VP- Charles Dawes
Secretary of State- Frank Kellogg
Major Items:Silent Cal
The Dawes Plan (1924)
Kellogg- Briand Pact (1928)
“The business of America is business”
the Scopes “Monkey” Trial (1925)
31. Herbert Hoover (1929- 1933)
Party: Republican
VP- Charles Curtis
Secretary of State- Henry L. Stimson
Major Items:National Origins Immigration Act (1929)
Panic and Depression
Stock Market Crash (1929)
Hawley- Smoot Tariff (1930) – declaration of ‘economic war’
Debt moratorium (1931)
The Federal Farm Board (powers were enlarged)
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC – 1932)
Boulder Dam
The Bonus Army March (1932) – Douglas MacArthur
The Stimson Doctrine (1932)
The 20th Amendment (1933)
The New Deal/ WWII: 1920- 1945
32. Franklin Roosevelt (1933- 1945)
Party: Democrat
VP- John Garner, Henry Wallace, Harry Truman
Major Items:New Deal
The Three R’s: relief, recovery & reform
The First 100 Days (WPA, AAA, CCC, FDIC, HOLC, TVA, NRA)
Beer-Wine Act 1933
The Good-Neighbor Policy (1933)
Fireside Chats
The Social Security Act (1935)
The Demagogues (Huey ‘Kingfish’ Long)
Packing the Court (1937)
Formation of the C.I.O.
Roosevelt Recession 1937-1938
Keynesian Economics
The Dust Bowl
Appeasement
Neutrality Act 1935, 1936, 1937
“Cash & Carry” (1939)
Selective Service Act (1940)
The Four Freedoms Speech (1941)
Lend-Lease Policy (1941)
The Atlantic Charter (1941)
Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7th 1941)
World War II 1941-1945
War Time Conferences (Casablanca, Tehran & Yalta)
33. Harry S. Truman (1945- 1953)
Party: Democrat “The buck stops here!”
VP- Albern Barkley
Major Items:Postdam Conference (1945)
World War II Ends- Atomic Bomb
The United Nations (1945)
Employment Act (1946)
Committee on Civil Rights (1946)
Taft- Hartley Act (1947)
Truman Doctrine (1947)
Marshall Plan (1947)
The Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)
Communist in China (1949 – Mao Zedong)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (1949)
Satellite Nations (The Iron Curtain)
Containment – George F. Kennan
Korea (1950-53; Truman Vs. MacArthur)
“Fair Deal”
The baby Boom
Rise of the Sunbelt
The Cold War: 1945- 1981
34. Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953- 1961)
Party: Republican
VP- Richard Nixon
Secretary of State: John Foster Dulles
Major Items:22nd Amendment
Brown vs. Board of Education Topeka, Kansas
Montgomery Bus Boycott (Dr. Martin Luther King, jr.)
Rise of Consumerism (Television comes of age)
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
Interstate Highway System (1956)
Dulles’ Diplomacy – Brinkmanship
“more bang for the buck”
Suez Crisis (1956)
Eisenhower Doctrine
The Race for Space (sputnik)
The U2 Incident
Military-industrial complex
Alaska and Hawaii become states (1959)
The Kitchen Debates – Nixon v. Khrushchev
35. John F. Kennedy (1961- 1963)
Democrat
VP- Lyndon B. Johnson
Secretary of State: Robert McNamara
Major Items: Television Debates verses Nixon
The New Frontier
Camelot
The Berlin Wall(Ich bin ein Berliner)
Flexible Response
Alliance For Progress
Baker vs. Carr
The Peace Corps
Bay of Pigs
Cuban Missile Crisis
Nuclear Test- Ban Treaty
Kennedy assassinated at Dallas, Texas
-(November 22, 1963) Lee Harvey Oswald
36. Lyndon B. Johnson (1963- 1968)
Democrat
VP- Hubert Humphrey (2nd Term)
Secretary of State: Robert McNamara
Major Items:The “Cold War”
Cuban Policy
Income Tax Cut
Wesberry vs. Sanders (1964)
Civil Rights Act (1964)
War on Poverty
Anti-Poverty Act (1964)
Elementary and Secondary Education
Medicare
“Great Society”
Counter-Revolution (Student movements)
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
The Vietnam War (1966-1975)
Hawks v. Doves
Tet Offensive (1968)
Democratic Convention in Chicago (1968)
The Return of Nixon
Détente / Glasnost & Perestroika: (1968- 1992)
37. Richard M. Nixon (1968- 1974)
Republican
VP- Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford
Secretary of State: Henry Kissinger
Major Items:“Imperial Presidency”
New Federalism – Law & Order President
Southern Strategy (silent majority)
Landing on the Moon (July 1969)
Warren Burger- Chief Justice
Woodstock (August 1969)
Vietnamization – Victory with Honor
Cambodia Bombings (Kent State 1970)
E.P.A. established (1970)
26th Amendment (1971)
Visit to China (February 1972)
Visit to Russia (May 1972)
SALT (1972)
Kissinger- “Shuttle Diplomacy” (1973- 75)
The Burger Court (Woe v. Wade 1973)
Wounded Knee, S. D. (1973)
Allende regime in Chile- CIA (September 1973)
Agnew resigns (1973)
Watergate Scandal
War Powers Act 1973
Nixon resigns (August 9, 1974)
Pentagon Papers (August 30, 1971)
- Superior Court to allow NY Times to publish
38. Gerald Ford (1974- 1976)
Republican
1st Appointed President
VP- Nelson Rockefeller
*neither President, nor VP had been elected
Major Items: Pardons Nixon
O.P.E.C. Crisis (1974)
Fall of Saigon 1975
Genocide in Cambodia
39. Jimmy Carter (1976- 1980)
Democrat
VP- Walter Mondale
Major Items:Panama Canal Treaty signed (September 1977)
Established diplomatic relations with Communist China; ended
recognition with Taiwan
3 Mile Island Incident (PA) nuclear leak (March 1979)
Camp David Accords 1978
-Egypt and Israel peace treaty; Sadat and Begin
Iran Hostage Crisis (1979) – 444 Days
-rescue attempt- 8 killed
Seizure of Afghanistan by Soviets (1979)
“Stagflation”
Human Rights Diplomacy
Andrew Young – 1st African-American Ambassador to UN
SALT II 1979
Boycott Olympics in Moscow to protest Afghanistan
40. Ronald Reagan (1980- 1988)
Republican
VP- George Bush
Major Items:Hostages returned
Moral majority
Falkland Islands crisis- U.S. supports England (1982)
1500 Marines sent to Beruit (1983); withdrawn 1984
Granada (October 1983)
Nicaragua (1984)
Sandra Day O’Connor appointed to the Supreme Court (1st Woman)
“Supply side Economics” = Reaganonomics
1984 Election (Walter Mondale & Geraldine Ferraro)
SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative – Star Wars)
Mikhail Gorbachev (glasnost & perestroika) 1985
Iran Contra Hearings: Oliver North (Summer 1987)
41. George Bush (1988- 1992)
Republican
VP- Dan Quayle
Major Items:Tiananmen Square 1989
Savings and Loan Scandal (1990)
“No new taxes” speech
Berlin Wall came down/ Reunification of Germany
Invasion of Panama (1990)
Anita Hill & Clarence Thomas (Supreme Court & Sexual Harassment)
Operation Desert Shield/ Storm (January 1992- August 1992)
APUSH: Chronology of Religion in America
- Colonial Period:
- Anglican Church of England (Henry VIII founder)
- Cecilius Calvert (Lord Baltimore) – founder of Maryland “a Catholic Haven”
- Act of Toleration 1649 – pro Trinitarian Faiths, developed after 30yrs War
- Separatists & Puritans (John Calvin – predestination)
- 1621 Separatists land at Plymouth (Mayflower Compact)
- Massachusetts Bay: Puritans (John Winthrope the Great Migration 1630’s)
- “City Upon a Hill” – Utopian ideals, anti-democratic yet Town Meetings lead to democracy
- Roger Williams – dissenter 1636; separation of Church & State principle; pay Indians for land
- Ann Hutchinson – dissenter 1638; antinomianism “against law”
- Jeremiad preaching
- Half-Way Covenant 1662 – partial membership of children through baptism
- Salem Witch Trials 1692
- William Penn (Quakers) 1681 – Holy Experiment
- Great Awakening: 1730 - 40’s
- Religious revivals (J. Edwards & G. Whitefield)
- “Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God!”
- “Fire & Brimstone” emotionalism; Old v. New Lights
- Post Revolution
- End of religious qualification for voting
- First Amendment to Constitution
- Separation of Church & State
- Deism: reason and science (Enlightenment/Natural Rights)
- Unitarian faith
- Shakers – Mother Ann Lee
- 1800’s
- Second Great Awakening: 1830 – 1840’s
- Charles Finney (1792-1895)
- Methodist & Baptists
- “burned over” districts
- Mormon Faith
- Transcendentalism 1830-1850’s
- Ralph Waldo Emerson & Henry David Thoreau
- Civil Disobedience
- Utopian Communities
- Oneida & Brook Farm
- Nativism
- The Gospel of Wealth
- Social Darwinism
- Dwight Lyman Moody
- Cardinal Gibbons (1834-1921)
- 1879 – Salvation Army & Christian Scientists (Mary Baker Eddy)
- The Twentieth Century
- Fundamentalism v. Darwinism
- Scopes Trial 1925
- Margaret Sanger – Birth Control
- Prohibition
- KKK – pro WASP
- Bruce Barton
- “the Man Nobody Knows”
- Religious Revival through Movies
- Ten Commandments, Ben Hur
- Election of JFK - 1st Catholic President
- Civil Rights Movement
- Dr. Martin Luther King
- Southern Christian Leadership Conference
- Malcolm X
- Nation of Islam
- Black Panthers
- Engel v. Vitale 1962
- Conservatism Resurgence 1980’s
- Moral Majority
History of Monetary Policies in the United States